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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Accessory - NORTHERN DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING: BADGE
Cardboard cut out emblem of the Northern District School of Nursing. Red white and gold with gold lettering -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Coin - QC BINKS COLLECTION: AUSTRALIAN 1 CENT COIN
An Australian 1 cent coin that was discovered by QC Binks while he was out metal detecting for gold.bendigo, gold mining, qc binks, money, qc binks. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Medal - QC BINKS COLLECTION: INCOMPLETE AUSTRALIAN ARMY MEDAL
Part of an Australian Army medal that was found by QC Binks while he was out metal detecting for gold.bendigo, gold mining, qc binks, qc binks, adf, army. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Memorabilia - QC BINKS COLLECTION: GUN BARREL
A barrel of a Man's hand gun. This was discovered by QC Binks whilst he was out metal detecting for gold.bendigo, gold mining, qc binks, qc binks -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - 'MARYDALE' AXEDALE COLLECTION: PHOTOGRAPH INTERIOR AND SOFA
Interior photo of sofa in bay window area, of ''Marydale'', Axedale,looking out to garden and open fields.axedale, history, marydale property -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Domestic Object - GRAYDON COLLECTION: SILVER SERVIETTE RING, 19th century
Object. Sliver serviette ring with out turned edges. embossed pattern of flowers and engraved initials GG.domestic equipment, table setting, silver serviette ring -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Coin - QC BINKS COLLECTION: 33 MILLIMETRE COPPER DISC
A 33 millimetre copper disc that was discovered by QC binks while he was out metal detecting for gold.bendigo, gold mining, qc binks, qc binks -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Tool - QC BINKS COLLECTION:THIMBLE
Metal thimble. Item is engraved in a cross hatch pattern. Item is rusted, out of shape and is missing the top.bendigo, gold mining, qc binks -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Functional object - QC BINKS COLLECTION: METAL OBJECT
A metal object that was discovered by QC Binks while he was out metal detecting for gold. Item is rusted.bendigo, gold mining, qc binks, qc binks -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Domestic Object - QC BINKS COLLECTION: BOTTLE TOP
Metal bottle top. Item is very rusted, squashed out of shape and has a split on one side.bendigo, gold mining, qc binks, qc binks -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - ROYAL VISIT 1954, 1954
Black and White Photo of many people on the QEO spelling out ;For Empire" during the royal visit of 1954photograph, royal visit, royal visit -
Bendigo Military Museum
Instrument - Universal Stereoscope, 1940
The Universal Stereoscope was used to view overlapping stereo aerial photography in three dimensions (3D). It consists of magnifying lenses, an optical train including glass prisms and mirrors that are protected by sliding metal covers all suspended on a pair of fold out adjustable legs. The stereoscope is coloured military olive drab green. This Universal Stereoscope was produced in Australia in 1940 for Military use. It was originally produced with a timber protecting carry box that is missing. It was used extensively by members of the Australian Survey Corps during WWII in many theatres of War for viewing and annotating aerial photography. Item 6205.6P, photograph 6205.1P shows the Universal Stereoscope in use by the Australian Survey Corps annotating aerial photography.The Universal Stereoscope was used to view overlapping stereo aerial photography in three dimensions (3D). It consists of magnifying lenses, an optical train including glass prisms and mirrors that are protected by sliding metal covers all suspended on a pair of fold out adjustable legs. The stereoscope is coloured military olive drab green."DC-1940 Serial No 550", "D V D", "Made in Australia" Plate on the underside reads " This stereoscope was donated to the Ex Fortuna Survey Association by the Eaglehawk Recycle Shop February 2015"royal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr -
Bendigo Military Museum
Pamphlet - PAMPHLETS, WW2 ARMY SMALL ARMS TRAINING, Vic Railways Printing Works
WW2 TrainingThese three pamphlets have a brown cardboard cover held together with staples. Front covers are in red ink. 1. Small arms training - anti aircraft and A/C recognition 1942 Aust. Vol, 1. Pam No.6A. 62 pages with illustrations. 2. Small arms training - Application of Fire 1943 Aust. Vol 1, Pam 2. 32 pages with illustrations. 3. Small arms training - .303 inch machine gun 1943. Vol 1 Pam.7. Part 11. 123 pages with illustrations & photos.1. Written on front cover - CPL Hughes. 2. Front cover has C.L. Gourlay crossed out and CPL Hughes. 3. Front cover has C.L. Gourlay crossed out and CPL Hughes L.R.ww2, military training -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, c1942
Yields information about the appearance of Bendigo Birney trams mid 1950's.Black and white photograph, printed onto card (inkjet printer?) of the Geelong depot with five trams parked - Nos. 2, 13, 27, 26 and 21 in the front. Roads marked 1 to 5. c1942"28 / Geelong publicity view taken about 1929 (crossed out), 1936 (crossed out) 1942? with WFS Collection in bottom left hand corner and "William Scott" address label in bottom right hand corner.trams, tramways, geelong, depot, tram 2, tram 13, tram 27, tram 26, tram 21 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Jim Seletto, 1956
Black and white photograph of SEC trams No. 38 outbound along Albert St. Sebastopol, just prior to the intersection with the Hamilton Highway. Tram showing destination of "Sebastopol". Has large reflective triangles on the cabs panels. Hamilton direction sign alongside tram. Photo taken after the tram has passed the Photographer. Photograph by Jim Seletto. On Agfa paper. Colour photocopy, laminated, of this photograph on display 5/2000 at 02-02-06In black ink "In the leisurely days of 1956 (wot again) Ballarat 38 trundles out to Sebastopol on a midweek service - despite CRB notices trying to entice it out to Hamilton" and in a purple ink stamp Photograph by J. Seletto".trams, tramways, sebastopol, albert st, hamilton highway, tram 38 -
Numurkah & District Historical Society
Textile - Table Centre Emboidered Doily
Needle work by local, Marjory Yarwood (from Yarwood personal collection)Linen table-centre doily, off white. Needlework: handstitched embroidery, has cut-out oval centre with two baskets of flowers on opposite corners & scattered mauve & pink flowers & daisy around cut-out work. The edge of the doily has been crocheteddoily, needlework, embroidery, yarwood family, table centre -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Cherub, 1943
Pair of cherubs: 1 - cherub on crescent moon cut out of 3 ply wood. Painted orange with yellow hair. Stars drawn on the moon. 2 - Cherub sitting on clouds holding a star. Cut out of 3 ply. Lightly painted. Skin colour (white).cherub, woodwork, camp 3 woodwork, camp 3 craft -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Sundercut Stump Jump Plough 1925
Black and white drawing printed on thin card showing a Sundercut stump jump plough being worked with a team of six horses. A man sits on the plough, looking at the viewer. Appears to be a print-out on thin card. Has been cut out along printed lines.Handwritten on front bottom: 'Sundercut Stump Jump Plough 1925" Artists' signature under rear wheel on drawing: 'M. Caccianiga"stump jump plough, farm machinery -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - TWO BULLDOGS, BATTLESHIPS IN BACKGROUND, 1914 - 1919
B&W Photo of two Bulldogs with front paws Battleships in background. Embossed circle in lower centre 'Bartlett Bros. Bendigo'. Inscription: in Image T.R. 'MP 104', Below 'Come Out Come Out and Fight',' Copyright held'. Bottom, 'Bartlett Bros. Bendigo'Bartlett Bros, Bendigoorganization, military, advert for recuitment ww1, prev. acc. no. 'mp 104' -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, August's cottage the tie that binds, 2001
Article on the American branch of the Schwerkolt Family visit Schwerkolt Cottage.Article on the American branch of the Schwerkolt Family visit Schwerkolt Cottage. August Schwerkolt's youngest daughter married a German national in the U.S.A. on the way back to Australia via Germany. The war broke out. The Australian government confiscated Schwerkolt Cottage because she had married a German. The property was recovered after the war, but a demolition order had been placed on it in the early 1960's. Saved by Nunawading Council who took over maintenance.Article on the American branch of the Schwerkolt Family visit Schwerkolt Cottage. schwerkolt family, schwerkolt, johann august, jack, joe, schwerkolt, robert, schwerkolt, caroline, whalen, rosalie, schwerkolt-browne, tom -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Drill Bit, Circa 1950
This is the cutting bit on the end of a drilling rod. It would have been used to drill holes into rock for placing explosives, for installing steel rock anchors, etc. In hard rock the bits need to be replaced regularly. Compressed air is blown through the holes near the tip of the bit to blow rock fragments out of the drill hole. The main drilling unit would have been powered by compressed air (Pneumatic). Rotary Air Blast Drilling. This drill bit was used by workers in the SEC Vic. Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme. This type of bit although strong needed replacing frequently when the rock composition (type of rock) was extremely compact. The configuration of the tip bit (four star like pattern) was to provide the "teeth" to tear into the rock. This bit was manufactured in 1949 however drilling for rock cores, in the Kiewa Valley and the Victorian Alps, was carried out from the late 1920's.This particular drill bit would have been used by construction workers to drill holes into rock for either explosives or for installing steel anchor points into the rock. The use of compressed air was not only for waste extraction but also for running the main drilling unit.This four star rotary air balst (RAB) drill bit has a central "blow" hole (compressed air outlet to remove the ground rock particles through four extraction holes). There are four raised cutting/grinding lugs which allows the air compression hole(incoming) to always have a clear unblock opening. Extracted ground material is "blown" out from the drill head via the larger hole created by the steel bit.Stamped on the bottom outside shank "FAGERSTA SECO SWEDEN" and below this "102 7041 01 05 049".sec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, drilling into rocks in alpine regions -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Two Bendigo Tramways Co. Ltd steam trams and trailers at Charing Cross, William Ninnis, 1898
Black and White reproduction (copy by scanning and reprinting) of a image of two Bendigo Tramways Co. Ltd steam trams and trailers at Charing Cross. Appears to be trailers 3 and 4. Understood to be 1898. Shown as a William Ninnis photographer, held by the Bendigo Historical Society (crossed out) and Creative Image Photographic Collection, Both trailers have roof advertisements "Confidence-Curls Tobacco" and in the background is Henderson & Goodisson? Beehive building, advertising Furniture and Drapery. Also J. T. Mill Tailor. .1 - Black and White copy print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details. Added 1/7/2013In pencil "The Fountain 1898 / Bendigo Historic Society Inc Collection (crossed out) / Photographer William Ninnis" and in ink "Creative Image Photographic Collection". .1 - in ink on rear "Steam Trams at the Fountain" and in the bottom right hand corner "P.W. Duckett"trams, tramways, bendigo, steam trams, trailers, charing cross, tram 3, tram 4 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book - BOOK WW1, Ross Coulthart, The Lost Diggers, c.2011
The Lost Diggers. (Photos from WWI). From acknowledgements: This book was conceived out of the extraordinary public response we had on the Seven TV Network's Sunday Night public affairs program to several stories presenting The Lost Diggers images. From preface: Swarthy Anzacs, village of Vignacourt, photographs taken by local photographers Louis & Antoinette Thuillier.Hard cardboard cover, buckram texture, with sepia coloured faded photo background. Cut out panel on front, see through to black & white 1/2 portrait photo of uniformed soldier. Dark brown print front & spine, some white on back. Brown ribbon page marker. Front & back end papers & flyleaf, black & white photos. 399 pages, cut glossy white. Illustrated black & white, colour & sepia photos.book, photographs, lost diggers -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Intrauterine device, Ansell-Anderson design, Ansell, 1970s
The only IUD of Australian origin, developed in 1971 by Australian doctor Ian Anderson in partnership with Ansell Australia and produced at the Ansell factory, 18 River Street, Richmond in the 1970s. The device was taken up by the Battelle Foundation, USA, and clinical trials were carried out in Israel, Indonesia and Singapore. No formal clinical trials were carried out in Australia. The device was used extensively by Population Services International, a private abortion clinic in Sydney in the mid 1970s. At the time this device was donated to the collection in 1997, there were legal proceedings regarding two Australian women who claimed ongoing problems as a result of its use. The donor, Dr Richard Gutch, practised in Clifton Hill and used some in the 1970s but not for long. The drawbacks were the multi-filament string acted as a wick for infection, also the latex leaf often came away from the thread when pulled for removal. Curettage was often the only effective way to remove the IUD. Dr Gutch removed many as he developed a reputation for being skilled at their removal.Intrauterine device (IUD), Ansell-Anderson latex leaf design, with paper sleeve. Made of latex impregnated with copper and zinc. The IUD is leaf-shaped with serrated edge and diamond shape cut out from its centre. Small hole in tail with attached twisted cream coloured thread. Paper sleeve is stamped, "THE/ ANDERSON-ANSELL/LATEX LEAF/I.U.D". SIZE:A/PATENTS PENDING", and notes it is Size A.contraceptive, intrauterine device -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Horse Brass
When the ship Schomberg was launched in 1855, she was considered the most perfect clipper ship ever to be built. James Blaine’s Black Ball Line had commissioned her to be built for their fleet of passenger liners. At a cost of £43,103, the Aberdeen builders designed her to sail faster than the quick clippers designed by North American Donald McKay. She was a three masted wooden clipper ship, built with diagonal planking of British oat with layers of Scottish larch. This luxury vessel was designed to transport emigrants to Melbourne in superior comfort. She had ventilation ducts to provide air to the lower decks and a dining saloon, smoking room, library and bathrooms for the first class passengers. At the launch of Schomberg’s maiden voyage, her master Captain ‘Bully’ Forbes, drunkenly predicted that he would make the journey between Liverpool and Melbourne in 60 days. Schomberg departed Liverpool on 6 October 1855 with 430 passengers and 3000 tons cargo including iron rails and equipment intended the build the Geelong Railway and a bridge over the Yarra from Melbourne to Hawthorn. The winds were poor as Schomberg sailed across the equator, slowing her journey considerably. She was 78 days out of Liverpool when she ran aground on a sand-spit near Peterborough, Victoria, on 27 December; the sand spit and the currents were not marked on Forbes’s map. Overnight, the crew launched a lifeboat to find a safe place to land the ship’s passengers. The scouting party returned to Schomberg and advised Forbes that it was best to wait until morning because the rough seas could easily overturn the small lifeboats. The ship’s Chief Officer spotted SS Queen at dawn and signalled the steamer. The master of the SS Queen approached the stranded vessel and all of Schomberg’s passengers were able to disembark safely. The Black Ball Line’s Melbourne agent sent a steamer to retrieve the passengers’ baggage from the Schomberg. Other steamers helped unload her cargo until the weather changed and prevented the salvage teams from accessing the ship. Local merchants Manifold & Bostock bought the wreck and cargo, but did not attempt to salvage the cargo still on board the ship. They eventually sold it on to a Melbourne businessman and two seafarers. After two of the men drowned when they tried to reach Schomberg, salvage efforts were abandoned. In 1975, divers from Flagstaff Hill, including Peter Ronald, found an ornate communion set at the wreck. The set comprised a jug, two chalices, a plate and a lid. The lid did not fit any of the other objects and in 1978 a piece of the lid broke off, revealing a glint of gold. As museum staff carefully examined the lid and removed marine growth, they found a diamond ring, which is currently on display in the Great Circle Gallery. Flagstaff Hill also holds ship fittings and equipment, personal salvaged from the wreck by Peter Ronald, former director of Flagstaff Hill.effects, a lithograph, tickets and photograph from the Schomberg. Most of the artefacts were salvaged from the wreck by Peter Ronald, former director of Flagstaff Hill. The Schomberg, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S612), has great historical significance as a rare example of a large, fast clipper ship on the England to Australia run, carrying emigrants at the time of the Victorian gold rush. She represents the technical advances made to break sailing records between Europe and Australia. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from the Schomberg is significant for its association with the shipwreck. The collection is primarily significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the Schomberg. It is archaeologically significant as the remains of an international passenger Ship. It is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and for its association with the shipwreck and the ship, which was designed to be fastest and most luxurious of its day Horse Brass, rectangular with corners rounded out, heavy encrustation on back, 2⅛" x 1⅝". Artefact Reg No S/126. Recovered from the wreck of the Schomberg. warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, schomberg, shipwrecked-artefact, clipper ship, black ball line, 1855 shipwreck, aberdeen clipper ship, captain forbes, peterborough shipwreck, ss queen, horse brass -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Horse Brass
When the ship Schomberg was launched in 1855, she was considered the most perfect clipper ship ever to be built. James Blaine’s Black Ball Line had commissioned her to be built for their fleet of passenger liners. At a cost of £43,103, the Aberdeen builders designed her to sail faster than the quick clippers designed by North American Donald McKay. She was a three masted wooden clipper ship, built with diagonal planking of British oat with layers of Scottish larch. This luxury vessel was designed to transport emigrants to Melbourne in superior comfort. She had ventilation ducts to provide air to the lower decks and a dining saloon, smoking room, library and bathrooms for the first class passengers. At the launch of Schomberg’s maiden voyage, her master Captain ‘Bully’ Forbes, drunkenly predicted that he would make the journey between Liverpool and Melbourne in 60 days. Schomberg departed Liverpool on 6 October 1855 with 430 passengers and 3000 tons cargo including iron rails and equipment intended the build the Geelong Railway and a bridge over the Yarra from Melbourne to Hawthorn. The winds were poor as Schomberg sailed across the equator, slowing her journey considerably. She was 78 days out of Liverpool when she ran aground on a sand-spit near Peterborough, Victoria, on 27 December; the sand spit and the currents were not marked on Forbes’s map. Overnight, the crew launched a lifeboat to find a safe place to land the ship’s passengers. The scouting party returned to Schomberg and advised Forbes that it was best to wait until morning because the rough seas could easily overturn the small lifeboats. The ship’s Chief Officer spotted SS Queen at dawn and signalled the steamer. The master of the SS Queen approached the stranded vessel and all of Schomberg’s passengers were able to disembark safely. The Black Ball Line’s Melbourne agent sent a steamer to retrieve the passengers’ baggage from the Schomberg. Other steamers helped unload her cargo until the weather changed and prevented the salvage teams from accessing the ship. Local merchants Manifold & Bostock bought the wreck and cargo, but did not attempt to salvage the cargo still on board the ship. They eventually sold it on to a Melbourne businessman and two seafarers. After two of the men drowned when they tried to reach Schomberg, salvage efforts were abandoned. In 1975, divers from Flagstaff Hill, including Peter Ronald, found an ornate communion set at the wreck. The set comprised a jug, two chalices, a plate and a lid. The lid did not fit any of the other objects and in 1978 a piece of the lid broke off, revealing a glint of gold. As museum staff carefully examined the lid and removed marine growth, they found a diamond ring, which is currently on display in the Great Circle Gallery. Flagstaff Hill also holds ship fittings and equipment, personal salvaged from the wreck by Peter Ronald, former director of Flagstaff Hill.effects, a lithograph, tickets and photograph from the Schomberg. Most of the artefacts were salvaged from the wreck by Peter Ronald, former director of Flagstaff Hill. The Schomberg, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S612), has great historical significance as a rare example of a large, fast clipper ship on the England to Australia run, carrying emigrants at the time of the Victorian gold rush. She represents the technical advances made to break sailing records between Europe and Australia. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from the Schomberg is significant for its association with the shipwreck. The collection is primarily significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the Schomberg. It is archaeologically significant as the remains of an international passenger Ship. It is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and for its association with the shipwreck and the ship, which was designed to be fastest and most luxurious of its day Horse Brass, rectangular with corners rounded out, heavy encrustation on back, 2⅛" x 1⅝". Artefact Reg No S/126. Recovered from the wreck of the Schomberg. warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, schomberg, shipwrecked-artefact, clipper ship, black ball line, 1855 shipwreck, aberdeen clipper ship, captain forbes, peterborough shipwreck, ss queen, horse brass -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Black and White, Yeoman Co, Reverend Charles Ed and Evelyn Smith and Smith Family, 1909
.1 Black and white wedding photograph on a cream colored background .2 Ethel Smith, as a child, sepia photograph on black background .3. Elizabeth Garvey, nee Smith, sepia photograph on cream background .4 Harold Smith and Rupurt Smith sepia photograph on brown background .5 Alice and Florrie Hendri, sepia postcard .6 Memorial fold out card. Cream card with black borders..1 .2 Ethel Smith, father a minister .3. Elizabeth Garvey, nee Smith .4 Harold and Rupert Smith Corowa, 1894, Alice Watson, 7 Cromie Street Murtoa .5 Hendri girls, Alice and Florrie, writing on back, note to Edie from Alice Watson, 1911 .6 Memorial fold out card, in loving memory of Emma Watson, of Happy Valley,1888reverend charles ed, evelyn smith, ethel smith, corowa, mark allen studio, m.j. allen studio, harold smith, rupert smith, society studios, tesla studio, stella studio, alice watson, florrie hendri, emma keys smith, emma smith, george henry smith -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Bottles (2), Bottle, c. 1900
These two bottles were found by workmen building a new retaining wall on the north side of the Les O’Callaghan History House building in Gilles Street Warrnambool. The wall replaced one damaged beyond repair following a car accident in 2019. The building was erected in 1889 as the caretaker’s cottage in the Warrnambool Sea Baths complex (for most of its existence it had two swimming pools, a hot sea water baths building and a caretaker’s cottage). The water in the baths were pumped up from the ocean and, for the hot baths, heated on site. These baths were the municipal baths until the mid 1950s. The bottles may have originated from the one of the families residing in the cottage or from passers-by in the adjoining Merri Street or from patrons of the baths. They appear to be over 100 years old but there is no way the ownership of the bottles can be established.These bottles are of interest as archeological finds after repair works to the Les O’Callaghan History House. .1 A dark green (or black?) glass bottle with a hollowed out concave base, no stopper and a slightly chipped rim on the top. The bottle is stained inside. .2 A green glass bottle with a hollowed out concave base, a moulded top with no stopper and an elongated neck. The bottle is stained inside. warrnambool & district historical society, heritageworks warrnambool, les o’callaghan history house, warrnambool, history of warrnambool -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Photograph, Naval Supply Vessel Security
A black and white photograph - One of the many duties carried out by the Australian Military Police at Vung Tau was the security and protection of the two Australian Naval Supply vessels, The MV Boonaroo & MV Jeparit, whilst on this duty the MP's had to look out for attack from water and land.photograph, vung tau, military police, supply ship, hmas boonaroo, hmas jeparit, gibbons collection catalogue, australian naval supply vessels -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Compact disc, Melbourne Directory 1911 (Sands & McDougall)
The Sands and McDougall directories are amongst the most comprehensive. You can find out more details about places in which people lived, the other residents in the area, the services available in the region...all of which help to paint a picture of your ancestors' life. Apart from the Street,Alphabetical, Trade and Professional directories, this volume also contains Government and Official, Ecclesiastical, Legal, Municipal, Colonial, Societies and Institutions directories.The Sands and McDougall directories are amongst the most comprehensive. You can find out more details about places in which people lived, the other residents in the area, the services available in the region...all of which help to paint a picture of your ancestors' life. Apart from the Street,Alphabetical, Trade and Professional directories, this volume also contains Government and Official, Ecclesiastical, Legal, Municipal, Colonial, Societies and Institutions directories.streets, trade, agriculture, government, legal, ecclesiastical, farmers, farm workers, clergy