This item (tobacco plug, as it was referred to) was used as a smokeless digestion of nicotine from the tobacco leaf. It was harvested by the tobacco growers before tailor made cigarettes became available. It was mainly regarded as more of a male item as it required to expectorate unwanted mouth juices. Ladies rarely used chewing tobacco. Most hotels and drinking rooms (men only in this era) had special spittoons to catch the waste.This item was used at a time when it was socially acceptable to chew tobacco (1800s to early 1900s). The associated health problems (lung and other related cancers including emphysema) eventually became the social and political incentive to curb the tobacco industry in the Kiewa Valley. Harvesting tobacco also had extreme risks such as "Green Tobacco " sickness. In Victoria the economical viability of the tobacco industry was extinguished in 2006. The tobacco drying sheds are still standing in the Kiewa Valley and in nearby regions. This item was also used by miners underground retrieving gold.This work environment was strictly a non smoke one.Square (small corner cut off) of compressed tobacco leaves, brown in colour and dried. Known at the time of use as a Plug.tobacco, chewing, plug, nicotine, smokeless, rural industry

historic, familyB/w photograph, Downing & Latta families of Green Hill, c 1900, original occupants of Mt Helen homestead, later site of University of Ballarat campus.mt. helen, latta, downing, university of ballarat

Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Arts, Deakan 'University August 1998Red Hard Cover Embossed border, Title information on spineDEAKAN R.W. Embry Phd. The Metamorphosis of a Goldtown: Stawell 1900 -1940 : A Study in Local History. 1998stawell mining

The Ballarat School of Mines was established in 1870, and was the first school of Mines in Australia.A Ballarat School of Mines printed Certificate on Competency with red seal. Handwritten inclusions. The certificate was made out to Matthew Fern."This is to certify that Matthew Fern has successfully passed the ordinary examination held at the School of Mines in the October term 1890 in the subject of Mechanics as Applied to Mining."ballarat school of mines, fern, mining, mining alumni, matthew fern, alumni, certificate

659 p., text.non-fictionA compilation of facts and figures of the local government areas in Victoria in 1900.municipal directories, gazetteers, local government, victoria history

Maybe East Ringwood FCTyped below photograph, "Ringwood Football Club - 1890. (Many miners and brickmakers)". On back of another copy: Jas. Colquhoun, Photographer, Aisling St, N.B'ton

Black and white photograph of wooden building. Picket fence around veranda. Unusual wooden seat on veranda and black cow standing to right of photograph. (2 copies, 1 original small sepia photograph and 1 enlargement).Typed below photograph, "Ringwood Post Office, Whitehorse Road, opposite Holeproof 1890." Written on back of small photograph, "Opposite Holeproof, cow 'Flora'".

Black and white photograph"Written on front of photograph" Florence Blood (left), Elizabeth Blood (middle), attended Ringwood early 1900's.

Photo is contained within the book- 'Hospital South of the Yarra' pages 114-115 Chapter 7, plate 33. Gertrude Lawson query graduated in 1887Brown chipboard with photo adhered to one side. Edges stained black. 2 eye hooks and wore for hanging.Reference sticker on back- 275- 111 Inscription handwritten in pencil - Sister Lawson in old theatre - Circa 1900ahnl, alfred hospital, operating theatre, nurses unform, medical equipment, advisory notice, sinks

The minutes of each meeting of the Board of Management of the Victorian Deaf & Dumb Institution, the Victorian School for Deaf Children and Deaf Children Australia has been retained from 1862 to 2010.The minutes of the meetings provide an insight into the day to day running of the School, from Wages and Salaries, student issues to broader educational topics, building works and finances.Brown fabricwith leather trim bound book containing the handwritten minutes of the meetings of the Victorian Deaf and Dumb Institution from March 1883 to Feb 1890. Committees included are: General Committee, House committee, sub-committees and special meetings.Spine: "MINUTE BOOK" in gold stamping on red leatherdeaf children australia, deaf education, minutes of meeting

Stawell Brass Band 1890stawell entertainment

Puffing Billy Memorial Wine Glass - Return to Gembrook 1900 - 1998Historic - Puffing Billy Railway - Commemorative Wine glassPuffing Billy Memorial Wine Glass - Return to Gembrook 1900 - 1998 Made of Glass with gold edged rim Has Black Logo design and writing Puffing Billy Return to Gembrook 1900 - 1998puffing billy memorial wine glass - return to gembrook 1900 - 1998

Portrait - Goldsworthy Family Groups 1890stawell

“A” Company Rangers Stawell 1890’sstawell

Henry Sutton taught Electricity and Magnetism at the Ballarat School of Mines. The first reference to this room was in the 1900 Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report: 'The dynamo has been connected by cables to a switchboard in the new lecture-room ... '. Black and white photograph of the interior of a classroom at the Ballarat School of Mines, including a number of desks, and gas light fittings. The room was the Electricity and Magnetism Classroomballarat school of mines, scientific equipment, electricity, electricity classroom, classroom, henry sutton, laboratory, m4351

Henry Sutton taught Electricity and Magnetism at the Ballarat School of Mines. The first reference to this room was in the 1900 Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report: 'The dynamo has been connected by cables to a switchboard in the new lecture-room ... '. Black and white photograph of the interior of a classroom at the Ballarat School of Mines, including a number of desks, and gas light fittings. The room was the Electricity and Magnetism Classroomballarat school of mines, scientific equipment, electricity, electricity classroom, classroom, henry sutton, laboratory

Wriiten to help preserve some history of the many one teacher schools scattered through out the Otways. Otway Schools in retrospect, 1890-1973. Souvenir booklet of the Back-to-School celebration. Belle Speight (ed.). Leigh Dow (ed.). Lavers Hill (Vic); Back-To Committee, Lavers Hill; 1973. 30 p.; Illus, map. Soft cover.otway; schools; belle speight; leigh dow; education; history;

historic, industryPhotograph of Austin's Blacksmith shop, Scotsburn, c 1900 taken by John William Henry Austin, photographer of Durham Lead. Beaded man in photo is William Austin (1859-1929), Blacksmith. Sign on roof reads "W. Austin"john william henry austin, photographer, austin blacksmith sop, scotsburn

Portrait - Georgiana Huntly McRae 1804-1890stawell