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Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Hay Rake
After the crop of hay has been mown it is tedded, a process that spreads and fluffs the grass to speed the curing. Then the hay rake is used. It is attached to a tractor and the wheels adjusted to height and angle. The rake is then dragged over the tedded paddocks. The hay rake teeth spin mown grasses into long lines of hay called windrows. The hay is then ready to be baled.Burgundy hay rake, yellow wheels, double row of rakes. Nore modern than other rake in collection with single row of rakes.farm, machinery, hay, chaff, hay rake, horse drawn, rake, churchill island -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Eyore New Holland Baler, Sperry New Holland, 1960s
New Holland made square hay balers from the 1960’s and many are still in use today. The self propelled baler is attached to a tractor. Feeder teeth collect and push hay into a chamber. The hay is compressed and baled and then expelled automatically. The long towbar enabled the driver to supervise the gathering of the cut hay as it was baled making baling a one person operation. Sperry New Holland, a U.S company, produced agricultural equipment in Cranbourne, Victoria from 1955 to 1992.Self-propelled baler, "Eyore" Sperry New Hollandfarm, machinery, hay, chaff, baler, churchill island, eyore, new holland, sperry -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Scarifier hand hoe
Wooden handles, unpainted metal wheel, hoe and fittingsfarm machinery, soil cultivation, hoe scarifier, hand operated -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Lister Stationary Petrol Engine Serial No. 31805, Lister Stationary Engine
Robert Ashton Lister was born in England in 1845 into an industrial family. After attending the Paris Exhibition in 1867, Robert argued with his father and formed the R.A. Lister Company to produce agricultural machinery at his factory in Dursley, England. In 1889 he linked his machine with Pederson’s cream separator which now ran at a consistent speed due to a spinning centrifugal separator thus producing consistency of cream. It was marketed through the Commonwealth and Robert himself drove right across Alberta in Canada with horse and buggy to promote the machine. He also expanded the use of his machine to sheep shearing. In 1909 the Company acquired the rights to manufacture petrol driven engines. When World War 1 began in 1914 the Company focused on producing petrol engines, lighting plants and munitions for the War Department, the workforce was mainly female as the men enlisted and left for the Front. After the War, Robert Lister retired, and the Company was taken over by his grandsons Robert, Frank, George and Percy with A.E.Mellerup. Their father Charles represented the Company in North America and Europe. Foreign competition and over supply of second-hand ex-military engines and lighting sets saw profits drop but the Company managed to recover under the leadership of Managing Director Percy. In 1929 the Company designed the CS (cold start) diesel engine producing 6-7kW which became known as the Lister 9-1. The engines were all painted the same shade of Brunswick green. By 1936 Lister was producing a wide range of petrol and diesel engines most of which were small at 1.5 to 3 horsepower. These could be bought ‘stand-alone’ or powering a complementary range of pumps, churns, cream separators, auto-trucks, generating plant and sheep shearing equipment. The most successful was the D Type Lister introduced in 1937 most of which were rated at 1.5hp at 700rpm. More than 250,000 were sold up to 1964 and although RA Lister ceased production many years ago, hundreds of these engines are still in use today.Green Lister stationary engine with petrol engine Size 71J, 3 HP, 450 RPM painted Brunswick Green. Used to power pump or similar purpose. The engine was made in1928, Dursley, UKfarm machinery, churchill island, engine, stationary engine, lister -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Horse-drawn mower
Black mower, offet draw bar, metal wheelsfarm, machinery, hay, chaff, mower, horse drawn, churchill island, farming -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Horse-drawn mower
The horse-drawn sickle-bar mower was developed in America in the 1850’s. The grass, or other plant matter, was cut between the sharp edges of the sickle sections and the finger-plates. The knives could be held vertically for going to or from the field. This bar could also be raised or lowered to cut at different heights. The mowers were made until the end of World War II before they were replaced by tractors.Black mower, offset draw bar, metal wheelsfarm machinery, hay, chaff, mower, horse drawn, churchill island, farming -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Bench hand drill
The upright post drill (pictured) was produced by Champion Blower and Forge of Pennsylvania, United States of America; a company that produced blacksmithing machinery from the late 19th century. The post drill is a hand-powered tool with a large flywheel, height handle, gears, spindle and chuck. It can be attached to a free-standing mount such as a post, and used by farmers and blacksmiths to drill wood, iron or steel.White bench hand drill with black wheels and cogsfarm machinery, drill, hand operated -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Petrol engine
The Underwood Motor Manufacturing Co started making 3hp 2-stroke engines, in either marine or stationary styles from about 1946 at 135 Queensberry St, North Melbourne. By about 1949 the 3.5hp 4-stroke engine was introduced. this engine was sold by Baltic Simplex as the Simplex Challenger, replacing the RB&T built S type. By the mid 1950's the firm had shut up shop. In the Sands & McDougall directories of 1948 & 1949 they were listed as Underwood Petrol Engine Co. The following years they were back to Underwood Manufacturing Co. The two-stroke version came in such variations as marine, stationary, tank, hopper cooled and air cooled, each believed to have run on a mixture of 30 parts Standard grade petrol to one part oil. Most but not all water cooled two stroke engines feature a water circulating pump. The 3-4hp four stroke engine used petrol for starting then switched to kerosene when warmed up. Most were 3hp. From a 1947 advertisement the machine was noted with rope start, quickly detachable magneto and the angled spark plug which would have been a marine version with a clutch and hand throttle. The stationary engine had the clutch replaced by a governor. The magneto on these engines did not rotate. it was oscillated by an eccentric on the crank and a link to an arm on the magneto drive shaft. There were other variations including a hopper cooled one with a normal marine base and a chain driven magnet. Dark green with surface rust "Underwood" in white lettering on red background on tank.farm machinery, stationary engine, petrol engine, churchill island -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Lister stationary engine
Robert Ashton Lister was born in England in 1845 into an industrial family. After attending the Paris Exhibition in 1867, Robert argued with his father and formed the R.A. Lister Company to produce agricultural machinery at his factory in Dursley, England. In 1889 he linked his machine with Pederson’s cream separator which now ran at a consistent speed due to a spinning centrifugal separator thus producing consistency of cream. It was marketed through the Commonwealth and Robert himself drove right across Alberta in Canada with horse and buggy to promote the machine. He also expanded the use of his machine to sheep shearing. In 1909 the Company acquired the rights to manufacture petrol driven engines. When World War 1 began in 1914 the Company focused on producing petrol engines, lighting plants and munitions for the War Department, the workforce was mainly female as the men enlisted and left for the Front. After the War, Robert Lister retired, and the Company was taken over by his grandsons Robert, Frank, George and Percy with A.E.Mellerup. Their father Charles represented the Company in North America and Europe. Foreign competition and over supply of second-hand ex-military engines and lighting sets saw profits drop but the Company managed to recover under the leadership of Managing Director Percy. In 1929 the Company designed the CS (cold start) diesel engine producing 6-7kW which became known as the Lister 9-1. The engines were all painted the same shade of Brunswick green. By 1936 Lister was producing a wide range of petrol and diesel engines most of which were small at 1.5 to 3 horsepower. These could be bought ‘stand-alone’ or powering a complementary range of pumps, churns, cream separators, auto-trucks, generating plant and sheep shearing equipment. The most successful was the D Type Lister introduced in 1937 most of which were rated at 1.5hp at 700rpm. More than 250,000 were sold up to 1964 and although RA Lister ceased production many years ago, hundreds of these engines are still in use today.Green Lister Stationary Petrol Engine Serial No. 16268. It is the smaller of two Lister engines in collection. It was made in 1924, Dursley, UK. The two engines in the collection are petrol engines from the 1920s predating the more numerous diesel engines manufactured from 1920 on.farm machinery, stationary engine, machine driven, belt driven -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Horse drawn scarifier
Twelve blade, 5-6 horse scarifier, green, surface rust, yellow wheels and brakefarm machinery, soil cultivation, scarifier, horse drawn -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Horse drawn grader
Yellow and red horse-drawn grader attached to an unpainted wooden pole. Four steel wheels connected into pairs by axles are linked through the long arched metal piece, where a seat, crank, and levers are attached for easy use. The grader itself sits directly below the seat, and consists of a length of metal perpendicular to the ground, designed to move and level the ground. farm, machinery, grader, road making, horse drawn, churchill island -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Machine - Wool Press
These presses were used in shearing sheds around the country to create bales of wool by hand in preparation for transport to the wool markets for purchase and distribution. Bales have been used to store and were a standard trading unit for wool for centuries. A standard wool bale holds about 60 compressed wool fleeces and weighs a minimum of 120 kgs. The square shape and weight enabled them to be stacked on wagons or in warehouses, and a large pack horse could carry one on each side. With technological advances, the bales are now formed in electrical and hydraulic presses.All metal wool press, unpainted, surface rustfarm machinery, wool, wool press, hand operated, shearing -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Vehicle - Dray
A Dray is a two-wheeled cart usually drawn by one or two draught animals such as horses or donkeys, They can transport the driver and a few passengers or a small amount of cargo. The term Dray is predominantly used only in Australia and New Zealand and are known as carts in other countries. Brown wood, dark red wheels, unpainted shafts. Some decorative wood panelling.farm machinery, horse drawn vehicle, dray, churchill island, vehicle -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Wheel hoe
unpainted wooden handles, surface rust on wheelfarm machinery, soil cultivation, wheel hoe, hand operated -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Hand seeder
The hand seeder was designed to enable a more efficient method of seed sowing for farmers. It was manually pushed along the furrowed ground and a feeder, which was situated in the middle of the seeder (missing from this example) would drop the seed into the prepared furrows. Unpainted metal hand seeder, one large wheel, surface rustfarm machinery, planting, seeder, hand operated -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Seed Drill, Mitchell, 1922
One of a number of harvesting and cultivating machines made by Mitchell and Co during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the 1922 seed drill comprises wooden seed and fertilizer boxes, a release lever and caste-iron rear seat. The seed drill was pulled by a horse and operated with a plough attachment placed at the front to cut the soil. A seated operator used the lever to release seed and fertiliser onto the ground. The seed drill enabled seed to be planted at a constant depth and spacing. White press wheels at the rear of the seed drill would lightly compact soil and cover the seed.Horse drawn seeder faded red with white wheels suitable for large seeds eg. corn, beans, peas.churchill island, farm machinery, planting, seed drill, horse drawn, mitchell brand -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Bag lifter, 1925
Metal crook with two gently curved arms, and used for lifting bagschurchill island, farm machinery, lifter -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Spike harrow
Spike toothed harrows were commonly used in Australia after 1870 to prepare land for sowing seed. The panel’s metal tines covered seed with a light layer of soil and they could also be used to break down clods or lumps of fertiliser and help with weed control. Frequent light tillage was useful for reducing the evaporation of moisture from the soil. The irregular shape of the pictured harrow was suitable for rough surfaces while backward sloping tines helped prevent accumulation of weeds. The chain would have connected the panel to a draw bar that was pulled by a horse. Draw bars might take one, two or more panels. By the early 1900’s this type of harrow was largely replaced with other implements.Diamond (spike) harrowswith chain, unpainted metalfarm machinery, harrowing, diamond harrows, tractor drawn -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Vehicle - Sulky
A Sulky is a lightweight horse drawn cart which usually feature just one seat to carry the driver. They were designed as a fast method of personal transport, especially in rural areas. More modern and streamlined versions are these days used in the sport of harness racing. Restored sulky, 2 ton wheels, burgundy body and shafts, decorative aqua scroll work on rear, black springs, seat deteriorated.farm, machinery, horse drawn, vehicle, sulky, churchill island -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Milk cart
In the 1800's and early 1900's milk was delivered to homes in horse-drawn carts. The milk was placed into churns by the vendor and the churns put into the cart. On arriving at the homes, the milk would be poured into containers the householders had provided.Unpainted wooden milk vendor cart, rubber inflatable tyres ( perished)"Milk Vendor" painted on right sidefarm machinery, horse drawn vehicles, milk cart -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Solid rubber tyre
Solid rubber tyrefarm machinery, wheel, solid rubber wheel -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Diamond harrows
Incomplete (three quarter) set of diamond (spike) harrows untainted metalfarm machinery, harrowing, diamond harrows, tractor drawn -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Garden barrow
Found in Amess Barn 1980s, this garden barrow is a typical example found on farms. Constructed using found materials and excess pieces, the garden barrow is analogous to the modern wheelbarrow.Handmade garden wheelbarrow with wooden flat tray made from abutting planks and single metal wheelfarm machinery, barrow, hand operated, hand made -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Grinder wheel on stand
Grinder wheel, sandstone on wooden stand unpaintedfarm machinery, grindstone, hand operated -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Single furrow mould board plough
Ploughing is a major part of soil conservation, and until 1945, it was mainly done with the aid of horses. The plough cuts into the soil with a coulter, and is followed by the share. The latter digs deeper and pushes up the soil which is then turned over by the mould board. This buries weeds, and exposes the soil to the elements whilst creating a furrow. Single furrow triangular mould board plough painted greenfarm machinery, soil cultivation, mould board plough, horse drawn -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Single furrow mould board plough
Ploughing is a major part of soil conservation, and until 1945, it was mainly done with the aid of horses. The plough cuts into the soil with a coulter, and is followed by the share. The latter digs deeper and pushes up the soil which is then turned over by the mould board. This buries weeds, and exposes the soil to the elements whilst creating a furrow. Single furrow mould board plough, handles painted green,silver worn off base of mouldboardfarm machinery, soil cultivation, mouldboard plough, horse drawn -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Wagon wheel
Wagon wheel with wooden hub, spokes, and rim; and metal lined rim.farm machinery, wheel, horse drawn vehicle, wagon -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Horseworks, 1880
Horseworks for one or two horses, gearing, shafting and pulley, complete. Used as a power conversion unit via one or two horses to operate a chaff cutter or similar unit. Horseworks is set up outside a building with an underground shaft to a pulley inside the barnRobinsonfarm, machinery, horseworks, power, horse, churchill island -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Reaper/binder, McCormick Deering
The reaper binder was a harvesting machine used to cut crops and bind it into sheaves. The reaper binder was invented by Cyrus Hall McCormick in 1831. Early binders were horsedrawn and the sheaves were bound using wire. William Deering later invented a binder that tied the sheaves with string. McCormick Deering was the trademark name of a line of farm machinery manufactured by the International Harvester Co. The company was founded in 1923. Large red reaper/binder, canvas covers, some green fittings, 2-3 horsefarm, machinery, hay, chaff, reaper, binder, horse drawn, churchill island -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Comet Windmill, 1930s
Comet Windmills was founded in Rockhampton, Queensland in 1879 by Sidney Williams. The Comet became known as "Australia's Leading Mill". The company survived two world wars and three generations of the family and was sold in 1992 and terminated in 1998. The windmill is a vital farming tool as it assists with agriculture, irrigation, and water supply. This windmill drew water from the 'Windmill Dam' for decades before Churchill Island's acquisition by Victorian Conservation Trust in 1976. In 1981, VCT invited BP Westernport Refinery Manager, John Shawley, to inspect the windmill with view of restoration. This was then done through the next year, as BP Social Club Members (including engineers, managers, and accountants) restored the pump, wheel, tower and piping. The wheel itself was lowered to the ground through a jury mast. The pressure from the windmill is weak, and was found to be brackish and excessively salty.This windmill is anecdotally the oldest working mill of its model in Gippsland. Its connection to Churchill Island is vital as it has been a fixture for the last 80 years. Windmill on metal stand "COMET" painted on silver vane. Restored in 1980s.farm, machinery, windmill, water, pumping, dams, dam, churchill island, comet