Hawthorn hedges are important reminders of Kangaroo Ground's Scottish heritage. They are Registered on the Victorian Heritage Register. They are "historically significant because the planting of hawthorn hedges reflects the adoption of Eurorpean farming techniques by the Kangaroo Ground population in the period following settlement and because the grid pattern of paddocks that the Hawthorn hedges define is very different to today's farm landscapes." Covered under Heritage Overlay, Nillumbik Planning Scheme. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p21 Hawthorn hedges bordering Kangaroo Ground’s gently rolling farmlands are important reminders of its Scottish heritage and are rare so close to Melbourne.1 As early as the 1840s newly arrived farmers from Scotland planted hawthorn hedges around their properties, to protect crops from the numerous kangaroos and wallabies. Many of these hedges survive today. These farmers had the good fortune to settle some of the most fertile land available for cropping in the Colony of Victoria. At that time the black volcanic soil could sustain an amazing two crops a year. By the mid 1850s, 500 acres (202ha) of wheat were growing in Kangaroo Ground. But the crops were threatened by kangaroos, which were so plentiful, that Surveyor-General, Robert Hoddle, named the district Kangaroo Ground in 1838. As post-and-rail fences proved inadequate barriers for the bounding kangaroos, the Scots planted hawthorn hedgerows as they had done in Scotland. Some also used the hedges to net birds, presumably for the table. Interestingly the farmers in the bordering townships of Panton Hill and Christmas Hills, did not plant hawthorn hedges around their properties. Perhaps it was because by the time they settled in the 1860s and 1870s most of the wildlife had been gunned down by residents.2 The canny Scots planted the hedges on public land outside their own farms, as the hedgerows could spread to about five yards (five m) in width. With this impenetrable barrier Kangaroo Ground’s industrious farmers flourished to gain the economic power that saw the Shire of Eltham governed from Kangaroo Ground for 79 years (1858-1937). The Scots jealously guarded their land, so hard to get in Scotland. That is why they refused to release any of it ‘for local roads to follow easier grades as was the case in surrounding districts where roads generally followed ridgelines or streams’.3 Instead the roads were built in accordance with the magnetic bearings of their first survey in 1847 whether that suited the steep topography or not. This could force traffic to diverge when wet through Greensborough and Diamond Creek. Until 1921, the Eltham-Yarra Glen Road beside Wellers Restaurant, ‘dipped down into the upper reaches of Stony Creek’.4 Later some corners were compulsorily cut for the increasing motor traffic. As late as the 1960s, corners were cut to form sweeping curves above and alongside the Kangaroo Ground Cemetery and opposite the Emergency Operations Centre. In the latter case, the farmers – understanding their hedgerows as important heritage – insisted upon their reinstatement to conform to the altered road alignment. Kangaroo Ground’s ancient manna gums also point to the district’s history and to that of the hedgerows. The Aboriginal people had transformed the original forests into grasslands with the fires they lit to attract kangaroos, (which the Scots were to exclude by planting hedgerows). But the Wurundjeri hunters left the gums (Eucalyptus vimminalis cygnetensis), on the grasslands as ‘stalking trees’ to hunt kangaroos. The hawthorn hedges in Kangaroo Ground were neglected for around 60 years from about the middle of the 20th century. Bushfires had created gaps and the hedgerows were not trimmed. Then in late 2005, local historian Mick Woiwod, formed a group to lobby the Nillumbik Shire to restore the hedges, which could last for many centuries. Some hedges in parts of Britain date back to AD 800.5 Although the original Scottish farmers have gone, the hedges are a reminder of when they flourished in the district, which has changed little in 150 years.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, eltham-yarra glen road, hawthorn hedgerow, kangaroo ground

A portable note taker that allow the operator to input either Grade 1 or Grade 2 Braille and have the information read back to you. It holds up to 640K of RAM or 600 Braille pages.Cardboard box containing a cream coloured plastic rectangle device with 7 black keys, 1 carry bag, 1 adapter, 1 computer cable, 1 x 3 1/4 in. Blaze demo programs disk, 1 x 3 1/4 in. Resource disk, 2 cassette tapes "Braille'n'Speak manual" by Olga Espinola, 1 print book "Quick Reference: Braille'n'Speak command list", 2 Braille books "Braille'n'Speak Quick Reference" and "A user's guide to Braille'n'Speak" both by Olga Espinola.braille equipment, assistive devices

Magazine - 2 editions of a 16 page poetry number of The School Paper. (a) Grades 3 and 4 edition no.236 (1917) (b) Grades 5 and 6 edition no.221 (1917) Published by the Education Dept. of Victoria. Printed by Albert J Mullet, Govt. Printer, Melbourne'Merle Bush' handwritten in pencil on both front pagespoetry, school paper, education dept. victoria, merle bush, bendigo

Set of three photocopies of instructions for Alstom Preston Service Centre. .1 - "Pantograph Lock Down Procedure" - 1 A4 sheet - describes the procedure for locking the pantograph down and then moving it within the workshops safely - dated 10/10/2003. .2 - "Citadis Bogie Removal Procedure" with sub title "on PWS jacks" - 2 pages - dated 08/04/2004. .3 - "Citadis Preventative Maintenance Tasks" - 7 page A4 document - listing the A, B and C exams for C class trams, prepared by United Group Rail. .4 - as for .3, but printed on A3 sheets, stapled.in pencil on top of .1, "Copy only to John Prideaux" On rear of .1 in ink "Citadis Maint (Mileage graded) "A". "B" and "C" service. c2007.trams, tramways, preston workshops, maintenance, c class, pantographs, bogies, citadis

Set of seven Agfa colour slide, blue and white plastic mount, photo by Keith Caldwell on 22/3/1969 of the then new track work in Queensway St Kilda, closing the former track in Wellington St. .1 - W2 363 inbound, route 5 climbing the grade to the St Kilda Road Junction. Has the overpass in the background. .2 - W2 229 ditto .3 - W2 377 ditto waiting for another W2 5?6 crossing in front of the tram. .4 - SW6 941 outbound, route 5, Malvern Burke Road with advertisements for PGF golf clubs and Vodka Wyborowa. .5 - W2 421 outbound route 5. .6 - W2 347, East Brighton route 64 outbound in Queensway with the Windsor Fire Station and the former cable tram winding house (the big red building) in the background. .7 - A W2 inbound..1 and .6 has in pencil "22/3/1969".trams, tramways, st kilda rd, queensway, new tramway, route 5, east malvern, route 64, east brighton, w2 class, sw6 class, tram 363, tram 229, tram 377, tram 347, tram 421, tram 347, tram 941

Folder with papers - Manilla folder containing some 30 documents outlining the procedures for employing staff for the crewing of trams, tradesmen and other grades. Comprising primarily foolscap duplicated, quarto sheets but with some samples actual printed documents that were required. A - Employment Procedures, listing the following documents, each marked with the respective number using a blue pencil in the top left hand corner. Document No. (images refer to the sheet number) .1 - Interview Card .2 - General information regarding conditions of employment (Age, Height, Weight etc.) .3 - Education Test .4 and 5 - Application for Employment and Result of Medical examination .6 - List of Medical Standards for eyesight ( photocopy which is going to brown - reprinted and placed in a envelope as it was affecting the next sheet.) .7 - Chest X-Ray .8 - Form for attachment to depot closest to home or closest depot at which vacancy exists. .9 - Agreement form (8 and 9 stapled together) .10 - Requisitions for uniform .11 - Directions to Store and School .12 and .13 - Application for Re-employment and Special Day Report stapled together .14 - MMTB Employees Record .15 - Reference Investigations - where considered necessary .16 - Tradesmen and Miscellaneous Workers Identification Slip - in triplicate .17 - Weekly changes Report - used for adjusting staff totals of Conductors, Drivers - example dated 29.2.1964 - list names, starts, re-employments, new drivers, transfers, bus drivers, regressions, medical retirements, dismissals, resignations, noting who were University Students. .18 - List of Student Conductors to attend class .19 - Identification slip for cashier and employees pass issue .20 - List of (new) starters in the service - for use by Cashier and weekly changes .21 - Particulars of Platform Staff - used for compiling weekly staff totals .22 - Application for permission to train as a tram or bus driver .23 - Instruction to Mobile Inspector to recover absentee's uniform .24 - details of traffic employees leaving service .25 - Employee to be paid off Not numbered B - Procedure re Conductor Applications - (2 sheets) C - Student Conductors' Training (10 sheets) D - Summary of Curriculum of Training for Electric Tram Drivers.trams, tramways, personnel, conductors, training, employment, employees, drivers, procedures, instructions, uniforms, medical, interviews, reports, discipline

Specification or Tender Document - titled "Design, Manufacture and delivery of 100 only all-electric trams", and "Background Information and Preliminary Specification", dated June 1965. Bound into a brown foolscap card cover. Details the conditions of tender, conditions of contract, notes, specification, gives background information about Melbourne, dimensions, performance, drivers and conductors, trucks, wheels, brakes, electrical equipment, control panels and drawings. The drawings give a map of the system, typical city route, Glenferrie Road route (grade diagram), concrete track construction, min. radius curves, loading gauge, all-electric tram and mounting details for the trolley base, schedule of prices, tender form, form of contract, schedule of information to be provided by the tenderer. Comprises: 1 - Conditions of Tendering - 1 page 2 - Conditions of Contract - 4 pages 3 - Contents - 3 pages 4 - Notes for prospective tenderers - dated June 1965 5 - General nature of contract - 21 pages 6 - Appendix A - climate data - two sheets 7 - List of 14 appended drawings 8 - O.6887A - cross section of trolley wire 9 - P.13855 - Glenferrie Road, Longitudinal Section 10 - P.13856 - Wattle Park Route 11 - P.13857 - East Preston Route 12 - P13858 - Concrete track construction 13 - P13859 - Open track construction 14 - P.13860 - Paved ballast track construction 15 - P.13887 - Tram Route - locations of substations and section switches 16 - P.13888 - Minimum radius service curves to give minimum clearance between tramcars 17 - P.13889 - Grooved Rail - 102 pounds per yard and tire profile 18 - R10-301 - Loading gauge, proposed electric tramcars 19 - R9706K - Rolling stock data, tramcars 20 - R10306 - Collins Points Shifter - Wiring diagram. 21 - Schedule of data to be supplied by the tenderer 22 - notes on Automatic Points shifters - 2 sheets 23 - Tender prices and delivery periods - 2 sheets. See Reg Item 2266 for the 1972 version and 1583 for the August 1966 version. See Reg Item 4049 for associated newspaper cuttings. See file htd4667i1.pdf for scans of the drawings.In ink in top right hand corner - "Lees"trams, tramways, specification, tenders, z class, mmtb, melbourne

The letters in this folder all revolve around Arthur Edmund TRANTER V50166 & VX52843 POW, his wife Pat, daughter Brenda, Family members, POW mates, plus correspondence from Brenda or to Brenda from POW's and family. Names on the letters written by include, Lt Charles Baeyeritz, Lt N.S. Garvey, Wynne (friend of Pat), Mary Hopson (Wife of Pte Ted Hopson), Pte Bob Sime, Lola Stapleton (Wife of Jack Stapleton), Florence Fogarty (Sister of of Gnr James La Hay), Pte Bob nelson, Pte Frank Sawyer, Kay Martens (Daughter of Ted Maughn) Lt Arnold Nicols, Wilfred Parish, Albert van de Waag KMIL (From the Netherlands), Lt John Purvis, Sandy Sandilands (re his Father), Pte Hilton Stanton, John Nicols (Son of Lt A Nicols), Betty Raison (Cousin of Ted Hopson), Neil Nunn (nephew of Pte John F Nunn), Bob Christie (Secretary 2/29th BN Society), Pte Fogarty. Family members re letters, G.M. Downie, Robert Downie, Fly Officer James Downie, Pte Robert Downie, Loius Tranter. There are two more Archival folders Cat No's 7956.2 & 7957.2. Refer Cat No 7944 for E.A. Tranters service history..1) Black Archival folder box .2) Black Archival folder 3 ring Binder with plastic inserts containing the following: 1. Six letters written from 1943 - 1945 to Tranter from his Wife Pat. 2. Two letters written by Tranters Daughter Brenda when she was in Grade 3, on a second page is a colour drawing by Brenda. 3. Two letter written on combined Salvation Army, Aust Comforts Fund and the YMCA letter heads in 1945. 4. Sixteen letters from various people including Family written up tp late 1945. 5. 36 letters written from 1946 - 2010 from various people associated with the Tranter Family. 6. Three colour photos taken at Tranters 90th birthday which includes POW mates.album, archival, tranter, letters

Nine separate original signed certificates. Eight awarded to S. Hudson Burnley Egg Laying Competitions 1956 to 1958: (1) Department of Agriculture, Victoria Certificate of Merit, Class 1 White Leghorns - Wet Mash, Total First Grade Eggs 263, Bird No 144. 1956-1957: (2) Department of Agriculture, Victoria, Certificate of Merit, First Class, Section A Class 1 White Leghorns, Dry Mash. Total First Grade Eggs 240 Bird No 44. 1957 -1958 Government Champion Certificates, (3) First Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry Mash. Total number of First Grade Eggs 1401 1957 -58 (4) First Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry Mash, Individual Birds Total number of First Grade Eggs 269. (5) Winter Test First Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry Mash Total number of First Grade Eggs 95. 1957 -58 (6) Winter Test First Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry Mash Total number of First Grade eggs 491.1957-58 Government Certificates, (7) Winter Test, Third Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns - Dry Mash Total number of First Grade eggs 92. 1957-58 (8) Second Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns - Dry Mash - Individual Birds Total number of eggs 255. 1957-58 (see Sash B98.0620) One Government Certificate awarded to G. Hudson Burnley Egg Laying Competition 1958-59 : (9) Winter Test, Equal Third Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry mash (Individual Bird) Total number of First Grade Eggs 81.Awarded to S. Hudson Burnley Egg Laying Competitions 1956 to 1958: (1) Department of Agriculture, Victoria Certificate of Merit, Class 1 White Leghorns - Wet Mash, Total First Grade Eggs 263, Bird No 144. 1956-1957: (2) Department of Agriculture, Victoria, Certificate of Merit, First Class, Section A Class 1 White Leghorns, Dry Mash. Total First Grade Eggs 240 Bird No 44. 1957 -1958 Government Champion Certificates, (3) First Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry Mash. Total number of First Grade Eggs 1401 1957 -58 (4) First Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry Mash, Individual Birds Total number of First Grade Eggs 269. (5) Winter Test First Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry Mash Total number of First Grade Eggs 95. 1957 -58 (6) Winter Test First Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry Mash Total number of First Grade eggs 491.1957-58 Government Certificates, (7) Winter Test, Third Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns - Dry Mash Total number of First Grade eggs 92. 1957-58 (8) Second Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns - Dry Mash - Individual Birds Total number of eggs 255. 1957-58 Government Certificate awarded to G. Hudson Burnley Egg Laying Competition 1958-59 : (9) Winter Test, Equal Third Prize Section A Class 1 White Leghorns Dry mash (Individual Bird) Total number of First Grade Eggs 81.egg laying, competition, s. hudson, g. hudson

Three page hand written carbon copy of Sign numbers at Victoria Hill. No 1 North Old Chum Shaft, No 2 Ballerstedt's First Open - Cut. Special Sign Post, No 2 C Rock Formations Pitching North, No 2 B Rich shallow shafts, No 2 A Quartz veins, No 4 A Concrete Dams, No 3 Engine Beds - Lansell's 'Big 180' Mine, No 3 B Lansell's 'Big 180' Shaft, No 4 Twenty Stampers Crushing Battery, No 3 C Foundations - 'Cleopatra Needle' type Chimney for Lansell's 'big 180' Mine, No 5 Victoria Quartz Mine, No 5 A Fou;ndations Victoria Quartz Poppet Legs, No 5 C Foundations Victoria Quartz Winding Plant, No 5 B Victoria Quartz Dams, No 6 Rae's Open - Cut, No 9 Quartz Once Roasted Here, No 12 Anticlinal Arch, No 15 primitive Tunnels, No 14 Beautifully Coloured Rock Formations, No 16 Adit, Graded Bedding, Oblique Fault, Spurry Quartz Veins, No 17 Prospecting Tunnels, No 18 Floyd's Small Crushing Battery, No 19 Gt Central Victoria (Midway) Shaft, No 20 Great Central Victoria (Midway) Engine Bed, No 21 ballerstedt's Small 24 Yard Claim, No 22 Humboldt Shaft, No 23 Wittscheibe's 'Jeweller's Shop', No 24 The 'Adventure' ground, Large Open - Cut, No 26 Luffsman and Sterry's Ground, NO 27 A Round Shaft, Notes prepared by Albert Richardson.mine, gold, victoria hill, victoria hill, victoria hill key to sign posts on area map, north old chum shaft, ballerstedt's first open cut, lansell's big 180 shaft, 'cleopatra needle' type chimney, victoria quartz mine, rae's open cut, prospecting tunnels, floyd's small crushing battery, gt central victoria (midway) shaft, ballerstedt's small 245 yard claim, humboldt shaft, wittscheibe's 'jeweller's shop', adventure, luffsman and sterry's ground, david sterry, sterry's 'gold mines' hotel, round shaft

Carbon copy and typed notes for signs at Victoria Hill. Notes read: Additional Signs In and Around Rae's Open-Cut 18/6/71. (1) Graded Bedding - Note regular alternation of thin sandstones and shale. (2) Oblique Fault - Iron Oxide & thin quartz vein on fault plane. (3) Spurry Quartz Veins - note faulted contact between largest vein and crushed slates. Notes prepared by Albert Richardson.document, victoria hill, victoria hill - additional signs in and around rae's open-cut, graded bedding, oblique fault, spurry quartz veins

1888 school opened. 1890 children attend (50ft x 20ft room. 90 children, 3 teachers)1922 land purchased on Tirana St. site. 1930 brick building built for upper grades. 1950's timber rooms added, later burnt down. 1967 Junior classes to brick extension Tirana St. 2008 2 large learning spaces built.Sepia photograph of Mitcham school (Grade 7 and 8) taken outside in front of a plant covered wall. The photograph was taken in 1937. This is a class of 37 children. Teacher on the right.mitcham state school no 2094, class photo, 1937