Showing 30461 items matching "old-collegians-association"
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Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.
Book - Ledger, Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Life Governor's Register
Ledger with a leather spine and a red letter name plaque with gold lettering "Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Life Governor's Register"old colonists' association ballarat, life governors -
Wheen Bee Foundation
Publication, Bee Research Association, World list of films on bees and beekeeping (Bee Research Association), London, 1973, 1973
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Wheen Bee Foundation
Publication, International Bee Research Association, Proceedings of the third international conference on apiculture in tropical climates (International Bee Research Association) Nairobi, London, 1985, 1985
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Wheen Bee Foundation
Publication, Federal Council of Australian Apiarists Association, Annual Report: 1987-1988 (Federal Council of Australian Apiarists Association), Glenrowan, 1988, 1988
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Wheen Bee Foundation
Publication, International Bee Research Association, Proceedings of the fourth international conference on apiculture in tropical climates (International Bee Research Association) Cairo, London, 1985, 1989
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Wheen Bee Foundation
Publication, Bee Research Association, 22 photocopies of apicultural abstracts and listings on cards (Bee Research Association), London, [nd]
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Wheen Bee Foundation
Publication, International Bee Research Association, The bee catalogue (International Bee Research Association), Cardiff, 1992, 1992
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Wheen Bee Foundation
Publication, British Beekeepers' Association, British Bee Journal (British Beekeeper's Association), Desborough, 1963, 1963
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Wheen Bee Foundation
Publication, International Bee Research Association, Proposed world center for the advancement of apiculture in developing countries (International Bee research Association), Gerrards Cross, 1982, 1982
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Wheen Bee Foundation
Publication, British Isles Bee Breeders' Association, Bee Breeding in Europe (British Isles Bee Breeders' Association), Codnor, 1983, 1983
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Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.
Document, Miners' Right issued to John Wiight in Trust for the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat, 21/07/1906
A miners' right issued to John Wiight in Trust for the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat. The land under Miners' Right was in Humffray Street South.miners' right, ballarat old colonists' association, john wright, humffray street south -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Honour board, Minerva Association Presidents
In 1972 Men's Auxilliary was disbanded and replaced with a new committee to be called The Minerva Association. Promoted in Ring-a-roo April 1972 the new association was 1) to further the welfare of College, 2) to encourage social contact between all members of the school community and 3) to promote major fund raising projects which may be beyond the means of the separate auxiliaries or the Old Collegians' Association. The Ladies' Auxiliary and the Old Collegians Association continued to exist. In 1988 the Minerva Association changed its name to the Ballarat and Clarendon College Parents' and Friends' Association. (see Ring-a-roo March 1988). The honour board emphasizes the degree to which the school was grateful for the voluntary work expended on behalf of the school by parents and friends of its community.Solid wood with two relief boards. Upper board is inscribed with Minerva crest and title. Lower board is inscribed in gold lettering with names of Presidents of the Minerva Association 1973 - 1987 and Parents' and Friends' Association 1988 - 1997minerva-association, parents'-and-friends-association, fund-raising, d-karmouche, h-way, r-beetham, b-coltman, r-davis, r-mitchell, m-robinson, a-smail, l-webb, p-hemming, j-barker, l-webb, r-jansen, n-vendy, a-j-artz, j-crofts, k-wharton, j-bell, presidents -
Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.
Photograph, President Travis Hurst Receives the President's Collar from Jo Barber, Past President of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc, 28/08/2022
Colour photographs of President Travis Hurst receivingthe President's Collar from Jo Barber, Past President of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.The photograph was taken in the Old Colonists' Hall on the occasion of the Annual General Meeting.ballarat old colonists' association, ballarat old colonists' hall, jo barber, president, president's collar, travis hurst -
Linton and District Historical Society Inc
Label, Linton State School Library, Old Lintonians' Association
Rectangular white paper label with blue printed text. Adhesive backing on reverse of label.Text, printed: " PRESENTED TO / Linton State / School Library / FROM MEMBERS / OF THE / OLD LINTONIANS' / ASSOCIATION. "old lintonians association, linton state school -
Linton and District Historical Society Inc
Label, Linton State School Library, Old Lintonians' Association
Rectangular white paper label with blue printed text.Text, printed: " Presented to / LINTON PRIMARY SCHOOL / LIBRARY / from Members of / OLD LINTONIANS' ASSOCIATION. 'old lintonians' association, linton state school -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Document - Dinner Program, British Medical Association (Vict. Branch) - Dinner at Warrnambool, 1950
This handwritten menu for the British Medical Association dinner belonged to Dr.William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by his daughter, Bernice McDade. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. Powder or soap in boxes such as this was perfumed and used as part of a women’s personal grooming in the early to mid 20th century. Faulding’s Company began in Adelaide, Australia, in 1845 and made a wide range of cosmetic and perfume products as well as pharmaceuticals. The company is still in operation today. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s T.S.S. Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) According to Berry, her mother Gladys made a lot of their clothes. She was very talented and did some lovely embroidery including lingerie for her trousseau and beautifully handmade baby clothes. Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . Its first station was in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital (a 2 bed ward at the Nelson Street Practice) from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what previously once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr Tom and his brother had worked as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He had been House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan had gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. When Dr Angus took up practice in the Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan’s old premises he obtained their extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926. A large part of this collection is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. and an ALDI sore is on the land that was once their tennis court). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII1942-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. He had an interest in people and the community They were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”.The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other items and equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery.A handwritten program with a Toast List, Menu, and a photograph of the Hopkins Falls. The dinner was held in 1950 in Warrnambool for the British Medical Association (Victoria Branch). The object is part of the W.R. Angus Collection. "BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (VICT. BRANCH - DINNER AT WARRNAMBOOL" "MARCH 4TH 1950" "TOAST LIST" "MENU" "HOPKINS FALLS"flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, british medical associaition, warrnambool, menu, british medical association, 1950, dinner, w.r. angus, hopkins falls -
Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.
Document, Miners' Right issued to James W. Graham in Trust for the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat, 21/07/1906
A miners' right issued to James W. Graham in Trust for the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat. The land under Miners' Right was in Ripon Street South.miners' right, ballarat old colonists' association, james w. graham, ripon street south, j.b. bell, old colonists' association of ballarat -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Old Sarum, England, 2016, 01/11/2016
William the Conqueror inherited Old Sarum from the last Saxon king of England. It was an ideal site for a royal castle. It was here in 1070 that William paid off his army after a long and bitter campaign in northern England. It was here in 1086 that he called together all the major landholders in England so they could swear allegiance to him. It was a crucial moment. The Domesday Book was being written, a threatened Viking invasion had only just been averted and William's eldest son was in armed rebellion. Old Sarum was an important place where this Norman king of England held power. In 1794 the Ordnance Survey set out to check the accuracy of the first mapping of Southern England, which had begun ten years earlier. From a point just below Old Sarum Lieutenant William Mudge laid out a base-line 36,574 feet (11,253 metres) long. From each end of the line the positions of distant places were plotted using a huge theodolite made in 1791 by Jesse Ramsden. The accuracy of the process, which was repeated all over England, depended on Jesse Ramsden's craftsmanship and on William Mudge's surveying skill in setting out this first base-line from Old Sarum. The nearer end of Mudge's line is marked by an inscribed stone beside the modern A345 at Old Sarum. Colour photograph of Old Sarum, England.ordnance survey, william mudge, jesse ramsden, william the conqueror, old sarum, saxon, 1086, england -
Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.
Photograph, President Jamie Sleep conducts the Annual General Meeting of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc
Colour photographs of Jamie Sleep as President of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc conducting his final meeting as President.. To his left is Andrew Robson (Secretary) and the the right is Steve Carter (Treasurer). The photograph was taken in the Old Colonists' Hall.ballarat old colonists' association, jamie sleep, andrew robson, steve carter, ballarat old colonists' hall -
Toorak College
Book, Bounce Books, Tradition, belonging, spirit : Inspiring stories from Toorak Collegians, 2014
... Toorak Collegians...collegians ...This book was created as a celebration of the school's 140th year, that tells inspiring stories of Toorak Collegians Hard cover book, blue, white red gingham, fabric feel cover Left and right front cover end papers, red with inscription "Tradition." Left and right back cover end papers, blue with inscription "Spirit"book, toorak college, collegians, gingham, 140 celeabrations, inspiring stories -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Book, Exercise book containing minutes of meetings of Ringwood Old Age and Pensioners Association. 20 pages, 1952 - 1955
Book - VANA exercise book containing minutes of meetings of Ringwood Old Age and Pensioners Association. 20 pp. +Additional Keywords: Parker / Trewhitt, Albert Henry -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Earth Banks, Old Sarum, England, 01 November 2016
William the Conqueror inherited Old Sarum from the last Saxon king of England. It was an ideal site for a royal castle. It was here in 1070 that William paid off his army after a long and bitter campaign in northern England. It was here in 1086 that he called together all the major landholders in England so they could swear allegiance to him. It was a crucial moment. The Domesday Book was being written, a threatened Viking invasion had only just been averted and William's eldest son was in armed rebellion. Old Sarum was an important place where this Norman king of England held power. In 1794 the Ordnance Survey set out to check the accuracy of the first mapping of Southern England, which had begun ten years earlier. From a point just below Old Sarum Lieutenant William Mudge laid out a base-line 36,574 feet (11,253 metres) long. From each end of the line the positions of distant places were plotted using a huge theodolite made in 1791 by Jesse Ramsden. The accuracy of the process, which was repeated all over England, depended on Jesse Ramsden's craftsmanship and on William Mudge's surveying skill in setting out this first base-line from Old Sarum. The nearer end of Mudge's line is marked by an inscribed stone beside the modern A345 at Old Sarum. Colour photograph of Earth Banks, Old Sarum, Englandordnance survey, william mudge, jesse ramsden, william the conqueror, old sarum, saxon, 1086, england -
Linton and District Historical Society Inc
Programme, Old Lintonians' Association 24th Annual Reunion, Linton, 1937
Cream-coloured folded single sheet with brown type. Programme for OLA reunion held 26 March 1937 to 29 March 1937. The programme included a "Grand Concert", with the Moorabbin City Boys' Band and soloists.Text: " EASTER 1937 / 26th to the 29th March / Old Lintonians' Association / 24th Annual Re-union / at LINTON. "old lintonians' association, reunions, events, programmes, moorabbin city boys' band, n.g. wishart [president ola], mrs g. e. hall [hon. secretary ola] -
Federation University Historical Collection
Document, Agreement re the Ballarat Junior Technical School Old Boys Association, 1957, 05/02/1957
Typed page relating to an agreement between Keith Rash, President of the Ballarat Junior Technical School Old Boys Association and Dick Richards, Principal of the Ballarat School of Mines. agreement re the ballarat junior technical school, agreement re the ballarat junior technical school old boys association, keith rash, dick richards, richards, r.w. richards -
Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, N.L. Harvey, Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Cottages, 1958, 1958
Aerial Photograph of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Cottages at Charles Anderson Grove. One of the first objectives of the Association was "to provide the shelter of a hose for those Pioneers of the Goldfields whom the reverses of fortune have deprived of the means of procuring the comforts of life in their declining years." The first home at Charles Anderson Grove was built in 1925. Before that time the Association provided relief for needy pioneers. relief included monthly monetary payments, loads of firewood, medical assistance and distribution of Christmas bosed of groceries to deserving pensioners, and in some cases payment of burial costs. ::a) The dominant purpose of the Association is to give public benevolent relief as a charity, but providing independent living accommodation in our Retirement Village for person in need who are over 65. ::b) To raise funds by membership subscription, commercial and residential rents, donations, gifts and voluntary work, for the purpose of providing direct relief of poverty, distress, misfortune or helplessness. ::c) To maintain the important heritage and ongoing viability of the Old Colonists' Association. (Revised Rules of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc., 2016) old colonists' association, ballarat, charles anderson grove, retirement village -
Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.
Photograph, N.L. Harvey, Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Cottages, 1958, 1958
Aerial photographs of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Cottages at Charles Anderson Grove. One of the first objectives of the Association was "to provide the shelter of a hose for those Pioneers of the Goldfields whom the reverses of fortune have deprived of the means of procuring the comforts of life in their declining years." The first home at Charles Anderson Grove was built in 1925. Before that time the Association provided relief for needy pioneers. relief included monthly monetary payments, loads of firewood, medical assistance and distribution of Christmas bosed of groceries to deserving pensioners, and in some cases payment of burial costs. ::a) The dominant purpose of the Association is to give public benevolent relief as a charity, but providing independent living accommodation in our Retirement Village for person in need who are over 65. ::b) To raise funds by membership subscription, commercial and residential rents, donations, gifts and voluntary work, for the purpose of providing direct relief of poverty, distress, misfortune or helplessness. ::c) To maintain the important heritage and ongoing viability of the Old Colonists' Association. (Revised Rules of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc., 2016) old colonists' association of ballarat, charles anderson grove, retirement village -
Marysville & District Historical Society
Ephemera (Item) - Programme of events, Marysville Tourist & Progress Association, Marysville Tourist and Progress Association Diary, 1963
A programme of events taking place in January, 1963, published by the Marysville Tourist and Progress Association. 1963 was Marysville's centenary year. The Association was formed in November 1907 to promote tourism within the area. This included the physical creation of signage, parklands, roads and walks to various attractions. A programme of events taking place in January, 1963, published by the Marysville Tourist and Progress Association. 1963 was Marysville's centenary year.marysville, victoria, programme, marysville tourist and progress association, misslynn beauty salon, marysville garage, crossways cabaret, l.h. potter, marysville swimming pool, regal squab farm, bartons stores, fruit salad farm, percy postlethwaite, jock roofe taxi service, the marysville riding school, marysville hotel, marysville theatre, cumberland valley, steavenson falls, warburton, healesville, alexandra, mansfield, jamieson, wood's point, eildon weir, snob's creek, rubicon, beauty spot walk, red hill walk, wishing well, taggerty river, keppel's lookout, mount gordon -
Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Ballarat Old Colonists' Hall, Lydiard Street, 2011, 13/04/2005
The hall of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat was opened in 1887.Colour photograph with the double storey building built by the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat.ballarat old colonists' club, old colonists' association, old colonists' hall, lydiard street -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Colour, Sign Explaining toilets, Old Sarum, England, English Heritage Site, 01/11/2016
William the Conqueror inherited Old Sarum from the last Saxon king of England. It was an ideal site for a royal castle. It was here in 1070 that William paid off his army after a long and bitter campaign in northern England. It was here in 1086 that he called together all the major landholders in England so they could swear allegiance to him. It was a crucial moment. The Domesday Book was being written, a threatened Viking invasion had only just been averted and William's eldest son was in armed rebellion. Old Sarum was an important place where this Norman king of England held power. In 1794 the Ordnance Survey set out to check the accuracy of the first mapping of Southern England, which had begun ten years earlier. From a point just below Old Sarum Lieutenant William Mudge laid out a base-line 36,574 feet (11,253 metres) long. From each end of the line the positions of distant places were plotted using a huge theodolite made in 1791 by Jesse Ramsden. The accuracy of the process, which was repeated all over England, depended on Jesse Ramsden's craftsmanship and on William Mudge's surveying skill in setting out this first base-line from Old Sarum. The nearer end of Mudge's line is marked by an inscribed stone beside the modern A345 at Old Sarum. Colour photograph of a sign explaining toilets at Old Sarum, English Heritage Siteordnance survey, william mudge, jesse ramsden, william the conqueror, old sarum, saxon, 1086,, england -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Castle toilets, Old Sarum, England, 2016, 01/11/2016
William the Conqueror inherited Old Sarum from the last Saxon king of England. It was an ideal site for a royal castle. It was here in 1070 that William paid off his army after a long and bitter campaign in northern England. It was here in 1086 that he called together all the major landholders in England so they could swear allegiance to him. It was a crucial moment. The Domesday Book was being written, a threatened Viking invasion had only just been averted and William's eldest son was in armed rebellion. Old Sarum was an important place where this Norman king of England held power. In 1794 the Ordnance Survey set out to check the accuracy of the first mapping of Southern England, which had begun ten years earlier. From a point just below Old Sarum Lieutenant William Mudge laid out a base-line 36,574 feet (11,253 metres) long. From each end of the line the positions of distant places were plotted using a huge theodolite made in 1791 by Jesse Ramsden. The accuracy of the process, which was repeated all over England, depended on Jesse Ramsden's craftsmanship and on William Mudge's surveying skill in setting out this first base-line from Old Sarum. The nearer end of Mudge's line is marked by an inscribed stone beside the modern A345 at Old Sarum. Colour photographs of Castle toilets at Old Sarum, England. The toilets are constructed of stone. ordnance survey, william mudge, jesse ramsden, william the conqueror, old sarum, saxon, 1086, england, subjects, toilets