The invention of the Coolgardie Safe is credited to Arthur Patrick McCormick, a contractor in Coolgardie, and later the Mayor of Narrogin. Coolgardie is in the Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia. Gold was first discovered there in 1892; the townsite became a municipality in 1894, and by 1898 its population of 15,000 made it the third largest town in Western Australia after Perth and Fremantle. In the last decade of the 19th century, Coolgardie was the capital of the West Australian goldfields. Being 180 kilometres from the nearest civilisation, food supplies were initially scarce and expensive. As fresh food was a valuable commodity there was incentive to preserve it, and keep it out of reach of scavengers such as birds, dingos, dogs, ants, and flies. It was in an effort to do this, in the extreme heat of the Australian Interior, that McCormick came up with his design for the Coolgardie Safe. McCormick noticed that a wet bag placed over a bottle cooled its contents. He further noted that if this bottle was placed in a breeze, the bag would dry out more quickly, but the bottle would get colder. What McCormick had discovered was the principle of evaporation: ‘to change any liquid into a gaseous state requires energy. This energy is taken in the form of heat from its surroundings.’ Employing this principle, McCormick made a box for his provisions which he covered with a wet hessian bag. He then placed a tray on top, into which he poured water twice daily. He hung strips of flannel from the tray so that water would drip down onto the hessian bag, keeping it damp. As the water evaporated, the heat dissipated, keeping the food stored inside cool and fresh. The success of McCormick’s invention would not have worked without a steady supply of water. Fresh water was scarce in the eastern goldfields at this time but the demand for water from a steadily growing population encouraged innovation. The solution was to condense salt water. Heating salt water in tanks produced steam that was condensed in tall cylinders, cooled and then collected in catchment trays. By 1898 there were six companies supplying condensed water to the goldfields, the largest company producing 100,000 gallons of water a day. In the early 20th century, Coolgardie Safes were also manufactured commercially. These safes incorporated shelving and a door, had metal or wooden frames and hessian bodies. The feet of the safe were usually placed in a tray of water to keep ants away. (MAV website) The early settlers of Moorabbin Shire depended on this type of Food Safe to protect their food from flies and vermin as they established market gardens in the fertile area around the notorious Elster Creek A metal framed, 4 sided structure standing on 4 legs with 2 hinged doors on one side, a metal tray at base of food safe and a metal cover over top. Ridges on which to rest trays carrying food are inside safe. The Safe is enclosed by fly-wire mesh.'...IN.....GEELONG' A manufacturer's oval metal plate is embossed on one side of Safe but it is illegible.elster creek, moorabbin, brighton, dendy's special survey 1841, market gardens, infant mortality, disease, cemeteries, fruit, vegetables, pioneers, coolgardie safe, mccormick arthur patrick, dendy henry, vaccination, jones martha, jones ethel may

Cheap suitcase for one-way tripSuitcase body made of fibre covered with striped brown and cream plasticised cloth; pink plastic skintone handle with label strings, two key locks and central latch for padlock. Edges covered with pink stitched plastic Corners of lid reinforced with metal, two metal hinges, studs five metal studs underneath. Leather straps to hold lid open/. Interior covered with grey and black patterned paper. Marks of a label on left side, removed.Torn paper custom sticker, PASSED, Australia, 3869. Embossed on rear of lower part ES 20 FIBRE 26 Cheney (on lock); Cheney England on central lock

non-fictionThis report is the result of and inquiry into infrastructure and the development of Australia's regional areas by the House of Representatives, Standing Committee on Primary Industries and Regional Services. The foreword to the Committee's report states that the title 'Time running out' reinforces the urgent need to firstly acknowledge the deficiencies in infrastructure that exist throughout regional Australia and secondly, the need to remedy that lack of infrastructure. Action is needed to ensure that many regional communities don't just survive but learn to thrive once again. Chapters focus on major issues of leadership and local skills; policy, planning and coordination; and finance and investment. Other chapters focus on particular sectors or issues including advanced telecommunications; information technology; transport (roads, rail, shipping, airports); energy (electricity, gas, renewable energy); education; water resources; and health.infrastructure regional australia, regional planning australia

Protest rally against Nillumbik Shire Councillors' proposal to sell off 17 community reserves. Held at the site of the former Shire of Eltham offices, at 895 Main Road, which were demolished in August 1996, followed by a march along Main Road finishing at the Eltham Railway Station car park at Luck Street. Estimated attendance was approximately 3,000.Born digital image (15)nillumbik shire council, parks, save community reserves, protest rally

Single or one off of a pre purchased or prepaid ticket one of a strip of MMTB 2d tickets with an "O" in the bottom left hand corner of both side. Check ticket required to be issued with a fare. Has the full name of the MMTB one side and "M&MTB" on the other side. See also Reg Items 2486, 2487 and 3341 for similar tickets. See Reg Item 5854 for a set of research notes.trams, tramways, tickets, mmtb, pre-paid tickets

Newspaper clipping from "The Weekly Review" titled "Off the Rails", noting it is nearly 60 years since Geelong trams stopped running and their passing is still mourned. Written by Kevin Norbury, features photographs of Moorabool St Geelong, Paddy and Maria McMahon, David Angus, Joan Peachy and Jim Fidge providing memories of the trams, a souvenir bell presented to the Mayor Fidge at the time of closure and details of the closure and what happened to the trams. geelong, closure

Newspaper Clipping - from a newspaper titled "Off the Rails" about the derailment of tram 750, running a route 82, Moonee Ponds at Rosamond Road, Maidstone the previous evening. Cutting undated and source not known. Notes derailment was due to stones packed into the track. Photo has the Emergency Crew truck rerailing the tram. C1960. Though to be early 1960's as there are advertisements on the front of the tram. See image i2 for a photo of the tramcar record of the era.trams, tramways, derailments, accidents, rosamond rd, route 82, tram 750, w5 class

Report - typed four pages - two copies - brass clipped together - titled "Percentage of full life worn off the various type of large sheeves pulleys at the power houses and termini and the various types of pulleys and their spindles in use along the track", listing the details for each engine or power house in the Northern Area - Fitzroy, Nicholson St, Richmond, Brunswick, North Melbourne, North Carlton and Johnston St engine houses. Dated 10/10/1917trams, tramways, cable trams, track, engine houses, cables, equipment

“A tram off the tracks” The Sun, Saturday, Oct 22, 1977 Photos and text Tram # 86 Photos of tram # 86 being transported on semi-trailer on Hume Highway at Beveridge on its way to Orange, NSW. Part of display by Bathurst-Orange Development Corporation, planning to build a new town between the two cities. Trams among the different types of transport being considered to link the proposed town to its neighbours. Tram displays “Brunswick-Moreland Rd” and route number 954.trams, tramways, displays, trucks, z class, transporting trams, tram 86

Set of newspaper clipping featuring derailed or incidents. .1 - "Off the tracks" - The Age 25/11/2005 with a photo of a city circle car being pushed to clear a section insulator. .2 - "Jumper leads, anyone" - Herald Sun 6/12/2005 - tram C 3001 - derailed at the corner of Flinders and Spencer Streets. Photo Ellen Smith .3 - "Extensive damage to derailed tram" - The Age 20-05-2004 - derailment of a C Class tram at the Victoria Gardens shunt, and hitting a pole with heavy damage to the centre section. Quotes the CE Hubert Guyot. Picture John Woudstra.trams, tramways, derailments, accidents, spencer st, c class, city circle, passengers, overhead, victoria st, victoria gardens, tram 965

The Age, Saturday, April 15, 1989, Page 72 OPEN SAT SUN 2-4 WOODHAVEN ESTATE A sample of house and land packages for your consideration: 3 br Ige rumpus $159,950 4 br tri level $169.9S0 4 br split level $169,500 Colonial with verandahs $199,950 Big 4 br dble garage $235,000 Huge exec 5 br S266.000 Meet our representative on site 2-4pm Sat and Sun in Booth Court, Eltham. off Reynolds Rd. Melway ref 22.E.335mm colour positive transparency (1 of 23) Mount - Kodak EktachromeProcess Date MAY 88Mmain road, eltham, housing estate, nicholas lauder real estate, woodhaven estate

Newspaper Clipping from Bendigo Advertiser, March 1, 2001, page 7, titled "Tram heads off to golden rival" with story and photo about Bendigo tram No. 18, being painted in a gold colour scheme for the 150th anniversary of the discovery of gold and to operate for the Ballarat Tramway Museum. Photo features Central Deborah staff Norm Harris and Jason Dunstone as miners and Darren Hutchesson as the driver. Tram has number covered, destination of "GOLD" and numbers "1851 - 2001" on front dash with the "Bendigo Talking Tram Tour" sign under the driver. Photographed at the mine terminus on 28 Feb. 2001.gold tram, bendigo, btm, gold

Yields information about the despatch of a bogie tram to the Sydney Tramway Museum, being loaded in Wendouree Parade, outside the depot, using two cranes and the road being closed.Newspaper Clipping from the Courier, 28 September 1971, titled "Tram No 37 off to Sydney". Features a photo of Bogie tram No. 37 being lifted by two cranes in Wendouree Parade outside the tram depot. Notes that the tram is being taken to Sydney, for the "South Pacific Electric Traction Association Museum". Gives a history of its operation in four cities. Noted that this was the first time the SEC had used cranes rather than by using jacks. See Reg Item 3777 for a print of the Courier photograph. No date on item - item dated from Excel file referred to Reg Item 3777. sper, closure, disposal, sydney

Newspaper Clipping - from The Argus 28 October 1940, titled "Last of Cable Trams / Quiet passing after secret send-off", about the closure of the Bourke St cable tram routes the previous Saturday nights when the trams were withdrawn prior to the schedule time and replaced by buses. Gives details of the last tram, crews etc. Notes the driver of the last Nicholson St tram as J. Peden, conductor A. C. Craven, Mr. M. McSweeney as the bus depot dispatcher, Mr. E. Lang as the first driver and conductor, Mr. J. Lee. Also quotes Mr Bell that the tram tracks would be kept in running order if needed, but new cables would be needed. A check with Trove shows the Argus as the source of the newspaper. On the rear of the cutting (3rd last item) is a note that Mr. J. K. Moir will be talking about the first electric tram at a Historical Society meeting."28 October 1940" written in ink on the top edge.trams, tramways, clifton hill, northcote, nicholson st, closure, cable trams, crews, bourke st, buses

Newspaper clipping - set of three items about the possibility of a tram running along Beaconsfield Parade between St Kilda and Port Melbourne. .1 - Editorial from The Age, 18-10-2004, titled "Hailing a tram by the Bayside" supporting the proposal by The Mayor Dick Gross. .2 - item from The Port Phillip - Caulfield Leader of 5/6/2007, with the title "Trams off track", about the City of Port Phillip on the proposal, though $70000 had been spent on the study. Quotes Paul Smith of the City about the proposal, tourism only, not a public transport link. Has an image of the Port Phillip Leader of 12/12/2006 announcing the proposal. Item written by Peter Rolfe. .3 - item from The Age, 14/10/2004 titled Tram ride by the seaside? Rattling good vistas guaranteed", fearing a photo of the bay, maps and options to use Mills St. Item written by Dan Silkstone.trams, tramways, new tramway, beaconsfield parade, port melbourne, st kilda, city of port phillip, mills st

This was one of the earliest businesses in Surrey Hills and opened in 1885; in 1888 the business moved to 633 Canterbury Road and was known as Terry and Son; in 1889 it was advertised as Terry Bros. Information regarding the business was provided by Alan J Holt.Black and white photo of J W Terry Family Butcher's Shop with a man and 2 women standing in front and a horse and cart off to the right of the shop.businesses, butchers, surrey hills, canterbury road, alexandra avenue, horse drawn vehicles, terry bros, terry and son, 1885, clothing and dress, shops, mr j w terry, joseph w terry

Newspaper Clipping - set of four clippings adhered to two sides of two sheets of ruled quarto paper with punched holes on the left hand side - from newspapers about the removal of trams from Melbourne 1 - Part one of a Large article written by John Messer of The Age, titled "City that went off the rails" about the impact of the closure of the Brisbane tramway system, quotes Brisbane City Mayor - Clem Jones. Dated 7/5/1969 2 - Second part "Is it time to get rid of Trams", dated 8/5/1969 following the closure of the Brisbane system. Mainly quotes from Brisbane transport officials with some Sydney officials. Has photos of a tram in Swanston St and a crowded tram. 3 - "Willy-nilly scrapping of trams 'nonsense'" - written by F. R. Kirby - Acting Chairman of the MMTB - The Age" responding to John Messer's articles. The Age 20/5/1969. 4 - letter from Bernard Boles of Reservoir about the removal of trams in Collins St and replacement by buses. 5 - "Hour fight to free trapped driver" - The Age 19/5/1969 - about the collision of a panel van at corner of High and Chapel St Prahran 6 - Set of two Letters from Edward Sykes and V. Lovel about the removal of trams - for and against.trams, tramways, brisbane trams, sydney trams, closure, tram replacement, buses, collins st, accidents, letter to the editor

Steel screw steamer launched 1889 at Newcastle on Tyne by Palmers & Co., built for Archibald Currie and Partners - the Currie Line of Melbourne. Gross tonnage: 2,792, Length: 99.06m (325'). Width: 12.3m (40.3'). Triple expansion steam engines producing 363 nhp. Avge speed 11 knots. Coal consumption 26 ½ tons per 24 hours. Steel hull, one funnel, two masts, barque rig. • 1889: Argus launched. Worked in the Australia to India trade, passengers, goods and horses. • 1891 July: While taking coal from Newcastle to Singapore, ran onto sunken rock in Gaspar Strait (in Indonesia). Watertight bulkheads held, got to Singapore, was repaired for two months, 60,000 Straits dollars (about £12,000). • 1895 July: While taking 400 horses to Colombo, ran onto reef near Somerset, North Queensland. holed, water in two compartments. 400 tons coal jettisoned, finally got off in spring tides. • 1901 Feb: During Boer War took Victorian contingent, 5th Mounted Rifles, fromMelbourne to Durban and Cape Town, with 500 horses. • 1901 Dec: Took horses for Boer War from Brisbane to Durban. • 1903 31 July: Leaving Sydney for Calcutta with 86 horses, 20 passengers including the Sultan of Johore, was rammed by the incoming steamer Mildura (on the wrong side of the channel). Argus's side plating was cut from deck to below waterline, had to be beached on Goat Island to prevent sinking. Refloated 2 August and repaired. • 1905: Argus sold to the Japanese shipping company, Osaka Shosen Kaisha. Renamed Giran Maru. • 1907 11 Sept: Wrecked in Soya Strait, between Hokkaido & Sakhalin Island.Built for Archibald Currie & Partners, Melbourne. Carried passengers between Australia and India and between western and eastern Australia.Large ship builder's model in glass case

This Minton floor tile is from the wreck of the Loch Ard and is currently on display in the Great Circle Gallery at Flagstaff Hill. The iron hulled clipper ship from the Loch Line was heading for Port Phillip from London, when it ran into the cliffs of Mutton Bird Island near Port Campbell. The Loch Ard was laden with a high value cargo including luxury goods intended for display at the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. One notable survivor from the ship’s freight manifest was the well packed Minton porcelain peacock, a two meter high ceramic masterpiece of vivid glazed colours. (This is also on display in the Great Circle Gallery). The almost total loss of life and property from the Loch Ard registered as a shocking tragedy for the Colony of Victoria, at a time when social confidence and economic optimism were otherwise high. Wealth generated from Gold and Wool was increasingly being spent on grandiose private residences and imposing public buildings. The demand for quality furnishings and fittings was therefore strong. Among the products consigned to burgeoning colonial markets by the Milton pottery at Stoke upon Trent, were their new range of colourfully patterned but very durable floor tiles ideal for the high-traffic spaces in the large civic buildings then being constructed in Australia and America. These new floor tiles were “encaustic”, meaning that their designs and colours were encased “within” the depth of the tile. Rather than their decorative patterns being glazed onto the surface of the tile, their inlaid designs were created during the manufacturing process, as “coloured slips” (or liquid clay) were poured into a deep pre-molded casting. When fired, the resulting tile was colours-fast and design-fast. The Minton floor tile is significant for its hard-wearing yet attractive design. The shipwreck of the Loch Ard is of significance for Victoria and is registered on the Victorian Heritage Register ( S 417). Flagstaff Hill has a varied collection of artefacts from Loch Ard and its collection is significant for being one of the largest accumulations of artefacts from this notable Victorian shipwreck of which the subject items are a small part. The collections of objects give us a snapshot of how we can interpret the story of this tragic event. The collection is also archaeologically significant as it represents aspects of Victoria's shipping history that allows us to interpret Victoria's social and historical themes of the time. Through is associated with the worst and best-known shipwreck in Victoria's history. A square Minton floor tile with a dark brown, beige and white pattern. The tile has a piece broken off along one side and some chipping along the edges. This ‘encaustic’ floor tile was recovered from the shipwreck of the LOCH ARD. Branded "... MINTON&CO Patent ..."flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, minton floor tile, encaustic tile, melbourne international exhibition, floor tile

Written on back of photograph, "Turnbull Court, off Mullum Road".

This item is one that was sold to tourists in Warrnambool in the mid to late 20th century. The dish has been mass produced in England and the image of Shelly Beach in Warrnambool added later, probably in Australia. As it is a Royal Stafford china piece it would have been a relatively costly item. It could have been bought for use in the buyer’s home or as a present for another person. Souvenir dishes such as this one have been popular souvenir items for tourists for over 100 years. Warrnambool, as a coastal location, has always been a tourist town and it remains today an important industry for the city. This dish is of interest as an example of the items sold to tourists in the mid 20th century. It will be useful for display.This is an oval-shaped china dish with fluted sides and a fluted edge and gold paint around the edge. The gold edging is partly worn off. The dish is white with a multi-coloured image set into the base of the dish. There is a crack on one side of the dish. On the base of the dish is a crown symbol and details of the manufacturer. ‘Shelly Beach, Warrnambool, Victoria’ “Royal Stafford China Made in England” tourism in warrnambool, history of warrnambool

E548 N31 Part of a 51-photo record of the development of the "Kubis" Estate, Ringwood North, including road works to Debbie Place, Kubis Drive, Werac Drive, Manuelo Drive, Iluka Place and Glenvale Road. From the Jack Lundy Clarke collection.

fay bridge collection, caitlin's retreat, laughing waters, swimming pool

Article by William Jackson published in the Diamond Valley News. Melbourne Citymission has dropped plans to sell Judgebook village retirement centre. In 2021, Judge Book is known as St Vincent's Care Services, Elthamjudge book memorial village, aged care, melbourne city mission, seniors, nursing home, aged care facility, chris white, william jackson, judgebook

A personal memoir of Changi POW, Keith Wilson. The author details the daily lives of prisoners & their interaction with their Japanese captors.Black, buckram hard cover with title on spine in gold letters. Blue end papers. Blue & white dust cover with illustrations front & back. Title on front in white letters. Title on spine in black letters.On front end paper: L K Morgan 8/90books, military, history, imprisonment

Mr and Mrs Buchan organised many picnics on the ground of their house Finhaven, Kew.on page 11finhaven, kew, mr john inerrarity buchan, cup day, wooden boat, picnic, lhlg, yarra river, reverend weller, fan album, social events

The words "the last man to leave Gallipoli" was discovered on a letter amongst service records belonging to Ivan Joseph BarnardClipping of article published in RSL Newsletter 2014.gallipoli, ivan joseph barnard

Three pages of articles with information on clubs and players in the 1966 season of Australian Rules Football in the Diamond Valley Football League.Historical information on the Diamond Valley Football League.Copy of 3 pages from local newspaper. Text and photos of footballers.diamond valley football league, dvfl, greensborough football club, australian rules football 1966

The mayors of both Nillumbik and Banyule have slammed the four options for the North East Link.News article 1 page, black text, colour image.north east link, banyule city council, nillumbik council