Showing 746 items
matching shire of eltham pioneers photo collection
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Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Old Lower Plenty Bridge, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotslower plenty bridge -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, New Lower Plenty Bridge, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotslower plenty bridge -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Footbridge, Montmorency Park, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotsfootbridge, montmorency park -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Footbridge, Montmorency Park, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotsfootbridge, montmorency park -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Footbridge, George Court, Greensborough, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotsfootbridge, george court, greensborough -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Brougham Street Bridge, Eltham, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotsbrougham street bridge, eltham -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Footbridge near Brougham Street, Eltham, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotsbrougham street bridge, eltham, footbridge -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Footbridge, Bridge Street, Eltham, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotseltham, footbridge, bridge street -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Dalton Street Footbridge, Eltham, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotseltham, footbridge, dalton street footbridge -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Footbridge, Odyssey House, Lower Plenty, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotsfootbridge, lower plenty, odyssey house, yarra river -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Oxley Bridge, Henley Road, Kangaroo Ground, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotsoxley bridge, henley road, kangaroo ground -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Aqueduct Bridge, Nicholas Lane, Kangaroo Ground, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotskangaroo ground, aqueduct bridge, nicholas lane -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Slide - Photograph, Lintons Bridge, Nutfield, c.Sep. 1989
... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent... the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent ...Part of a slide show presentation "Bridges & Waterways of the Shire" by Russell Yeoman to the 13 September 1989 Society meeting. The presentation included slides of historic photos from the Shire of Eltham Pioneers collections as well as several recent views.35mm colour positive transparency (1 of 15) Mount - Agfa CS System grey 8 dotslintons bridge, nutfield -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Hurstbridge - Showing Railway Station
Duplicate image to Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection SEPP_1004Black and white copy of photo printed on glossy photographic paper 30.5 x 40.5 cm (12 x 16 inch); image size approx. 18.5 x 28 cmhurstbridge, hurstbridge railway station, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Henley Bridge, c.1928
Situated on the Yarra River, 5.5 kms south of Christmas Hills on private property. This timber trestle bridge is said to have been built some time after 1907 by Melbourne master-builder, David Mitchell (the father of Dame Nellie Melba), to connect his two "Henley Farm" properties with Lilydale. In earlier days, when the McPhersons owned the property, their children used a punt to cross the river to attend Yering Primary School. This private bridge is best viewed from the end of Wendy Way. - Source: Christmas Hills Past and Present, Yarra Glen & District Historical Society, 2004.This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.9 x 12.5 cm printshire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, warrandyte, henley bridge -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Document - Folder, Notes from Shire of Eltham Correspondence 1912-1979, 1999
Handwritten notes by H.G. taken from Shire of Eltham Correspondence books, also includes listing of folders at Eltham Library (history cabinet) and notes on photos known as the Shire of Eltham Pioneer and Photograph collection held in partnership between EDHS and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) Folder 85 of the Harry Gilham Colletion6 pagesharry gilham collection, correspondence books, shire of eltham, chronology -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, "On the Woods Point Road" - Louis Buvelot, 1872, 1971
Reproduced pages 2-3 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: Geelong Art Gallery; purchased by the Trustees, 1949This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (2) Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. Significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens at lower left and right sides causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, warburton, louis buvelot -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, "Summer Waterhole" - Peter Glass, 1971
Reproduced page 48 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: Sydney Cooke Chemical Pty LtdThis photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (1) Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. Significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens at lower left and right sides causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, peter glass -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, "Tranquil Winter" - Walter Withers, 1895, 1971
Reproduced page 114 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: Sydney Cooke Chemical Pty LtdThis photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (1) Black and white print 15 x 23 cm Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. Significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens at lower left and right sides causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, peter glass -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, "Burnt Stubble" - David Armfield, 1971
Reproduced page 124 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: Mr. E.C. Pelling, Kangaroo GroundThis photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (1) Black and white print 15 x 23 cm Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. Significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens at lower left and right sides causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, david armfield -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, "Road to Wattle Glen" - Don Vidler, 1970, 1971
Reproduced page 125 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: Mr. Don Vidler, Reynolds Rd., Wattle GlenThis photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (1) Black and white print 21 x 16 cm Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. Significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens at lower left and right sides causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, don vidler -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, "Bush Track" - Alan Martin, 1971
Reproduced page 127 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch black and white negative (1) Black and white print 14.5 x 21 cm Condition: Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch black and white negative which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant wrinkling at edges causing deformation to film surface.artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, don vidler -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, "The Grandmother in the Glade" - John Perceval (1957), 1971
Reproduced page 129 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: Mr. M. BesenThis photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (1) Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. Significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens at lower left and right sides causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, john perceval -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, "The Village" - Jo Sweatman, 1971
Reproduced page 132 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: National Gallery of VictoriaThis photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (1) Black and white print 16 x 21.5 cm Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. Significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens at lower left and right sides causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, jo sweatman -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, "On the Road" - Adrian Lawlor, 1939, 1971
Reproduced page 133 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: National Gallery of VictoriaThis photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (1) Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. Significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens at lower left and right sides causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, adrian lawlor -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Sugar Glider - David Munro, 1971
Reproduced page 134 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: Mr. David MunroThis photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch black and white negative (2) Black and white print 14 x 13.5 cm Condition: Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch black and white negative which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant wrnkling at edges causing deformation to film surface.artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, david munro -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Grey Butcher Birds - Margo Pederson, 1971
Reproduced page 135 of Pioneers & Painters, edited by Alan Marshall (1971) Source: Mrs Margo PedersonThis photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch black and white negative (1) artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, margo pederson -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Painted by David Armfield, 1971
This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (1) Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. In some cases, significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, david armfield -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Painted by William (Jock) Frater, 1971
This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (2) Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. In some cases, significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, william (jock) frater -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Painted by Neil Douglas, 1971
This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.4 x 5 inch colour reversal film (1) Condition: May not be true to colour of original work. Scanned from a 4 x 5 inch colour transparency which was taken c.1970 (approx. 50 years old) and which has undergone significant colour degradation towards the red spectrum. Allowances made for colour cast correction in scan with best guess for white balance. In some cases, significant light flare is reflected off glossy surface of original work at camera lens causing quality issues. artist, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, neil douglas