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Federation University Historical Collection
Painting - Artwork - Watercolour, Alice Watson, Floral Paintings by Alice Watson, c1931
Alice Watson completed a course of work at the Ballarat Technical Art School, a division of the Ballarat School of Mines. Her complete folio is held by Federation University Australia. Ten works were undertaken at the Ballarat Technical Art School by Edith Alice (Alice) Watson. All paintings are of various flowers painted in watercolour. .1 is incomplete with the vase sketched in pencil; .3 has pencil sketches on the reverse side .6 .7 and .8 are still life paintings.1 urs embossed stamp " RWS Pall Mall East Guaranteed Pure Paper " with the letters "RS" in pencil; .2 lrs "A. WATSON 3rd TERM 1931 .4 upper top verso "Pass. Good tones values in red flower. Also color, one not overworked.Yellow flower rather faulty tone, but direct work. Very promising."ballarat technical art school, ballarat technical art school number 10, ballarat school of mines, alice watson, edith alice watson, artwork, lettering, flora, flowers, alumni -
Federation University Historical Collection
Drawing - Artwork, Architectural Drawings by Alice Watson, c1930
Alice Watson completed a course of work at the Ballarat Technical Art School, a division of the Ballarat School of Mines. Her complete folio is held by Federation University Australia. Nine works were undertaken at the Ballarat Technical Art School by Edith Alice (Alice) Watson. Seven pencil sketches on paper. Two black ink drawings on paper .1 has sketches on both sides; .2 pen and ink table and chair design; .3 pencil sketch of a castle; .4 sketches on both sides - pen and ink doorway and on reverse pencil and water colour (partly coloured) wallpaper border design; .5 pencil sketch of a well and a church; .6 two pencil sketches of bridges; .7 three pencil sketches - two of partial rooves and one of a bridge drawn from a photo; .8 three pencil sketches - a window, a doorway and a thatched roof cottage; .9 pencil sketches on both sides - a village scene with gateway, church and cottages on one side and trees on the reverse. .3 lrs "A. Watson Pencil Sketch" .4 ink sketch tr "New Door" .5 lrs "Pencil Sketches A. Watson" .6 lrs "Pencil Sketches A. Watson" .7 rs" Pencil Sketch", under bridge drawing "Pencil Sketch from Photo", lrs "A. WATSON" .8 lrs "Pencil Sketches A. Watson .9 Village scene - lrs" A.Watson Pencil Sketch" ballarat technical art school, ballarat technical art school number 10, ballarat school of mines, alice watson, edith alice watson, artwork, architecture, alumni, pencil sketches, sketches of buildings -
Federation University Historical Collection
Letter - Correspondence - Education Department, Victoria, Ballarat School of Mines Museum Building, 29/08/1951
Public Works to submit a report regarding wiring diagram - sub-boards for Museum BuildingTyped letter on paper, with handwritten annotationsballarat school of mines, museum building, wiring, d h wheeler, education department of victoria, d.h. wheeler -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Map, Railway Map of Victoria, n.d
Port of Portland CollectionFront: verso - 'Way and Works branch railway Department Melbourne Dec 1954.'port of portland archives, railway, map, 1954, 1950s -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Manufactured Glass, bottle PURA Cream 4oz, 20thC
There are two distinct types of milk consumption: a natural source of nutrition for all infant mammals and a food product for humans of all ages that is derived from other animals. Milk is a key contributor to improving nutrition and food security particularly in developing countries. Improvements in livestock and dairy technology offer significant promise in reducing poverty and malnutrition in the world. Pasteurization is used to kill harmful micro-organisms by heating the milk for a short time and then immediately cooling it. In the past, milk was always packaged in glass milk bottles The first glass bottle packaging for milk was used in the 1870s. The first company to do so may have been the New York Dairy Company in 1877 with a small glass lid and a tin clip. Lewis P. Whiteman holds the first patent for a glass milk bottle c1884,which was sealed with a waxed paper disk. The Express Dairy Company in England began glass bottle production in 1880. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Spotswood 1880 - 1990. Milk cartons first came to Australia in 1958, when the Model Dairy in Melbourne began packaging milk in 150 ml and 500 ml cartons. At the time, 160,000 new glass bottles were needed in Melbourne alone every week to keep up the delivery of 1.3 million bottles of milk a day. n 1970, the blow-moulded disposable plastic milk bottle was introduced. In 1987, only about 2% of milk was still being sold in glass bottles. Glass milk bottles are now rare .Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co Pty Ltd (1903 - 1915) Registered in Victoria in 1903 the company amalgamated with the Waterloo Glass Bottle Works Ltd in 1915 to form Australian Glass Manufacturers Company, Limited. Melbourne Glass bottle works Spotswood 1872- 1915 The Melbourne Glass Bottle Works (former), comprising a complex of buildings constructed between 1880 and 1940, at Booker Street, Douglas Parade, 2-38 Hudson Road, Raleigh Street and Simcock Avenue, Spotswood. The former glassworks was established in 1890 and originally made bottles for pharmacists Felton Grimwade before it was sold to the state government by US multinational, OI glass manufacturers A clear glass 4 oz bottle for PURA Creamery Carnegie. . A waxed cardboard disc lid from Devonshire Dairy Hepburn Springs is not related to this bottle but is an example of the typical lid used during this period Bottle : PURA / CREAMERY / CARNEGIE / CONTENTS 4 OZS Base : 120 Lid circumference : DEVONSHIRE DAIRY HEPBURN SPRINGS:/ Lid centre: PURE MILK/ T.B. TESTED COWS / PHONE 223 melbourne glass bottle works, spotswood melbourne, milk, dairy, dairy produce, dairy farmers, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin, cheltenham, pasteur louis, pasteurization, pura creamery carnegie, devonshire dairy, hepburn springs, waxed paper milk bottle lids, felton grimwade co ltd, -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Newsletter, City of Moorabbin Historical Society Aug 2007, August 2007
The City of Moorabbin Historical Society was formed c 1960 by a group of Moorabbin residents who were concerned that the history of the area should be preserved. A good response to a call for items related to the historical area of Moorabbin Shire brought donations of a wide variety of artefacts which are now preserved by the current members of CMHS at Box Cottage Museum . Helen Stanley, Secretary of CMHS, began producing a Newsletter for members in April 2007 to provide current information and well researched items of historical interest.Helen Stanley has produced a bi-monthly Newsletter, 2007 - 2013, for the members of the City of Moorabbin Historical Society that contains well researched interesting historical items, notification of upcoming events, current advice from Royal Australian Historical Society , Museums Australia Victoria and activities of Local Historical Societies. The Newsletter is an important record of the activities of the CMHS. Tom Sheehy, a past President of CMHS, was an Historian and Author of ‘Battlers tamed the Sandbelt’, the Lawson family were early settlers, Dr Graham Whitehead, is Historian for Kingston CC and the Henry Lawson Society promotes the Poet’s works.A4 paper printed both sides x1. Issue 3 of the bi-monthly, City of Moorabbin Historical Society Newsletter produced by Society member and Secretary, Mrs Helen Stanley in August 2007. Members of the CMHS are shown 3 photocopies of ‘quaint Account Overdue ‘ notices c 1940,. An excerpt from the 1962 Moorabbin Historical Society Newsletter, edited by the President Tom Sheehy, describing the 1860’s decade that saw ‘the establishment of Edward Zorn’s Tomato factory in Clayton’s Road in 1862 and then Henry Comport’s Sauce factory in Cheltenham. ‘New settlers’ arriving in the area were William Highett , near Hampton, Mr McKinnon , an Oakleigh farmer, and Mr Stephen Tuck and wife to Cheltenham while Mr John Kingston was looking for land.. 60 children were enrolled at St Stephen’s Common School on Tucker Road. George Higginbotham., William Highett and Tommy Bent were confident of the years ahead.’ Upcoming events at CMHS were August 26th Mr Bob Lawson will talk about World War 1, on October 28th a talk by Dr G Whitehead titled ‘Murder’, and at the last meeting for year November 25th Frank Thatcher, CMHS, will welcome the Henry Lawson Society and Australian Natives Association who will again come to Box Cottage to celebrate their Bryan Kelleher Memorial Picnic Day. CITY of MOORABBIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY / AUGUST 2007 NEWSLETTERcity of moorabbin historical society, stanley helen, melbourne, moorabbin, brighton, cheltenham, ormond, bentleigh, oakleigh, kingston, highett, hampton, clayton, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin shire, sheehy tom, thatcher frank, tucker road, st stephen’s common school, henry lawson society, australian natives association, whitehead dr graham, lawson bob, lawson nan, kelleher bryan, comport henry, zorn edward, highett william, bent tommy, higginbotham george, kingston john, le roy tracy pty.ltd, sydney, tomato sauce factory -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Plan - Vessel, Public Works Department (P.W.D.), Matthew Flinders I, 8-11-1911
These plans are line drawings by the State of Victoria for a Suction Hopper Dredge, which used a suction pump to bring up material from the bottom of a body of water. The plans are contained in a box from the Public Works Department, Ports and Harbours Division in Melbourne, which in the year 1910 was responsible for the dredging operations of coastal ports and harbours, and inland waterways. The stamped signature is that of Arthur Edward Cutler, Chief Engineer, Public Works Department of New South Wales. The steel steamer Matthew Flinders was constructed by Morts Dock & Engineering Co Ltd in Sydney, New South Wales. Identified as Ship No. 40 by the ship builders, this dredge, had twin screw engines that were made in Sydney. Its gross tonnage was 1180. It was launched on July 15th, 1916, and registered by the owner, Department of Public Works in Victoria, at the Port of Melbourne in 1917. Unlike bucket dredges, the Matthew Flinders did not use permanent moorings but instead had bow and stern anchors. It travelled forward on the bow anchor, taking up a strip of even-depth wilt from the bed below. A local newspaper noted that the Matthew Flinders has many advantages that were especially useful for its work at Warrnambool. Warrnambool Harbour had been experiencing silting and sanding for many years. The problem continued even after the construction of the Breakwater in 1890, which was overseen by New Zealand engineer Arthur Dudley Dobson. Melbourne’s Department of Ports and Harbours sent the new Matthew Flinders to dredge the heavy silting in the Warrnambool Harbour in May 1919. This work was previously done by the smaller dredge, the Pioneer. However, after a month of work, the Matthew Flinders was returned to Melbourne for alterations to make it suitable for work in the heavy seas it experienced at Warrnambool. Both dredges were sent up from Melbourne when required over the years to periodically attend to the silting in the Harbour, but the Matthew Flinders was preferred because of its efficiency. It was still dredging the Harbour even in July 1938. The ship’s original master was J G Rosney. In 1923 the master in charge was Captain Dunbar. In 1930 the dredges were no longer required as the Harbour was no longer suitable as port.These plans are significant for their close association with the suction hopper dredge, the Matthew Flinders I, which was call upon often to remove the silting of Warrnambool Harbour and allow shipping to continue in the Port of Warrnambool until 1930, when the Port of Warrnambool ceased to be suitable as a port. The work done by the Matthew Flinders is significant for its association with the Warrnambool Breakwater and the on-going issues with the silting of the Harbour. Plans with line drawings for the suction hopper dredge Matthew Flinders, rolled, in open-top wooden box. Created for the Public Works Department, Melbourne, Victoria. Stamped with signature and dated November I, 1911. Inscriptions: label on box, handwriting on box, drawings and outer layer of paper. Freighted by 1 Star, New Zealand Express Cargo.Signature stamp “A E Cutler” Date stamp “NOV 8 – 1911” Printed on one page “STATE OF VICTORIA / SUCTION HOPPER DREDGE / GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS OF MAIN ENGINE ROOM / SCALE 1/2 IN = 1 FT.” Label on box "1 [star symbol] / THE NEW ZEALA- - - / EXPRESS CAR - –“ Handwritten on base “PUBLIC WORKS / DEPARTMENT / - - LBOURNE” Handwritten in pencil on cover paper “MATTHEW Flinders”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, plan, line drawing, dredge, pioneer, steel steam ship, twin screw engines, a e cutler, arthur edward cutler, chief engineer, public works department, new south wales, nsw, 1911, state of victoria, suction hopper, main engine room, public works melbourne, warrnambool harbour, lady bay, sanding, silting, breakwater, morts dock & engineering co ltd, j g rosney, captain dunbar, ship no. 40, matthew flinders i, matthew flinders, 1 star, new zealand express cargo -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, The Works of Richard Brinsley Sheridan
This book was part of a large group of books referred to as the Pattison Collection, which belonged to the Warrnambool Public Library, part of the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute. About RALPH ERIC PATTISON and the ‘PATTISON COLLECTION’ The ‘Pattison Collection’ is a collection of books and records that was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute, founded in Warrnambool in 1853. By 1886 the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute (WMI) had grown to have a Library, Museum and Fine Arts Gallery, with a collection of “… choice productions of art and valuable specimens in almost every branch and many wonderful national curiosities, are now to be seen there, including historic relics of the town and district.” It later included a School of Design. Although it was very well patronised, the WMI was led to ask the City Council to take it over in 1911 due to a lack of financial support. In 1935 Ralph Pattison was appointed as City Librarian to establish and organise the Warrnambool Public Library as it was then called. Ralph Eric Pattison was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, in 1891. He married Maude Swan from Warrnambool in 1920 and they set up a home in Warrnambool. In 1935 when Pattison accepted the position as City Librarian for the Warrnambool City Council his huge challenge was to make a functional library within two rooms of the Mechanics’ Institute. He tirelessly cleaned, cleared and sorted a disarrayed collection of old books, jars of preserved specimens and other items reserved for exhibition in the city’s museum. He developed and updated the library with a wide variety of books for all tastes, including reference books for students; a difficult task to fulfil during the years following the Depression. He converted all of the lower areas of the building into a library, reference room and reading room for members and the public. The books were sorted and stored using a cataloguing and card index system that he had developed himself. He also prepared the upper floor of the building and established the Art Gallery and later the Museum, a place to exhibit the many old relics that had been stored for years for this purpose. One of the treasures he found was a beautiful ancient clock, which he repaired, restored and enjoyed using in his office during the years of his service there. Ralph Pattison was described as “a meticulous gentleman whose punctuality, floorless courtesy and distinctive neat dress were hallmarks of his character, and ‘his’ clock controlled his daily routine and his opening and closing of the library’s large heavy doors to the minute.” Pattison took leave from 1942 to 1945 to serve in the Royal Australian Navy, Volunteer Reserve as Lieutenant. A few years later he converted one of the Museum’s rooms into a Children’s Library, stocking it with suitable books for the younger generation. This was an instant success. In the 1950’s he had the honour of being appointed to the Victorian Library Board and received more inspiration from the monthly conferences in Melbourne. He was sadly retired in 1959 after over 23 years of service, due to the fact that he had gone over the working age of council officers. However, he continued to take a very keen interest in the continual development of the Library until his death in 1969. THE NEW WARRNAMBOOL LIBRARY When the WMI building was pulled down in 1963 a new civic building was erected on the site and the new Warrnambool Library, on behalf of the City Council, took over all the holdings of the WMI. At this time some of the items were separated and identified as the ‘Pattison Collection’, named after Pattison. Eventually, the components of the WMI were distributed from the Warrnambool Library to various places, including the Art Gallery, Historical Society and Flagstaff Hill. Later some were even distributed to other regional branches of Corangamite Regional Library and passed to and fro. It is difficult now to trace just where all of the items have ended up. The books at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village generally display stamps and markings from Pattison as well as a variety of other institutions including the Mechanics’ Institute itself. The Pattison Collection, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute Collection is primarily significant in its totality, rather than for the individual objects it contains. Its contents are highly representative of the development of Mechanics' Institute libraries across Australia, particularly Victoria. A diversity of publications and themes has been amassed, and these provide clues to our understanding of the nature of and changes in the reading habits of Victorians from the 1850s to the middle of the 20th century. The collection also highlights the Warrnambool community’s commitment to the Mechanics’ Institute, reading, literacy and learning in the regions, and proves that access to knowledge was not impeded by distance. These items help to provide a more complete picture of our community’s ideals and aspirations. The Warrnambool Mechanics Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and the important role it played in the intellectual, cultural and social development of people throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance. The Works of Richard Brinsley Sheridan Author: Richard Brinsley Sheridan Publisher: Chatto and Windus Date: 1874 Further Information: Edited by F Stainforth The label on the spine cover with typed text PAT 822 SHE Paste down front end paper has a sticker from Warrnambool Public Library. Front loose end paper has a sticker from Corangamite Regional Library Service. Front loose end paper has a stamp from Corangamite Regional Library Service. flagstaff hil, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, the works of richard brinsley sheridan, richard brinsley sheridan, f stainforth -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson
This book was part of a large group of books referred to as the Pattison Collection, which belonged to the Warrnambool Public Library, part of the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute. About RALPH ERIC PATTISON and the ‘PATTISON COLLECTION’ The ‘Pattison Collection’ is a collection of books and records that was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute, founded in Warrnambool in 1853. By 1886 the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute (WMI) had grown to have a Library, Museum and Fine Arts Gallery, with a collection of “… choice productions of art and valuable specimens in almost every branch and many wonderful national curiosities, are now to be seen there, including historic relics of the town and district.” It later included a School of Design. Although it was very well patronised, the WMI was led to ask the City Council to take it over in 1911 due to a lack of financial support. In 1935 Ralph Pattison was appointed as City Librarian to establish and organise the Warrnambool Public Library as it was then called. Ralph Eric Pattison was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, in 1891. He married Maude Swan from Warrnambool in 1920 and they set up a home in Warrnambool. In 1935 when Pattison accepted the position as City Librarian for the Warrnambool City Council his huge challenge was to make a functional library within two rooms of the Mechanics’ Institute. He tirelessly cleaned, cleared and sorted a disarrayed collection of old books, jars of preserved specimens and other items reserved for exhibition in the city’s museum. He developed and updated the library with a wide variety of books for all tastes, including reference books for students; a difficult task to fulfil during the years following the Depression. He converted all of the lower areas of the building into a library, reference room and reading room for members and the public. The books were sorted and stored using a cataloguing and card index system that he had developed himself. He also prepared the upper floor of the building and established the Art Gallery and later the Museum, a place to exhibit the many old relics that had been stored for years for this purpose. One of the treasures he found was a beautiful ancient clock, which he repaired, restored and enjoyed using in his office during the years of his service there. Ralph Pattison was described as “a meticulous gentleman whose punctuality, floorless courtesy and distinctive neat dress were hallmarks of his character, and ‘his’ clock controlled his daily routine and his opening and closing of the library’s large heavy doors to the minute.” Pattison took leave from 1942 to 1945 to serve in the Royal Australian Navy, Volunteer Reserve as Lieutenant. A few years later he converted one of the Museum’s rooms into a Children’s Library, stocking it with suitable books for the younger generation. This was an instant success. In the 1950’s he had the honour of being appointed to the Victorian Library Board and received more inspiration from the monthly conferences in Melbourne. He was sadly retired in 1959 after over 23 years of service, due to the fact that he had gone over the working age of council officers. However, he continued to take a very keen interest in the continual development of the Library until his death in 1969. THE NEW WARRNAMBOOL LIBRARY When the WMI building was pulled down in 1963 a new civic building was erected on the site and the new Warrnambool Library, on behalf of the City Council, took over all the holdings of the WMI. At this time some of the items were separated and identified as the ‘Pattison Collection’, named after Pattison. Eventually, the components of the WMI were distributed from the Warrnambool Library to various places, including the Art Gallery, Historical Society and Flagstaff Hill. Later some were even distributed to other regional branches of Corangamite Regional Library and passed to and fro. It is difficult now to trace just where all of the items have ended up. The books at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village generally display stamps and markings from Pattison as well as a variety of other institutions including the Mechanics’ Institute itself. The Pattison Collection, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute Collection is primarily significant in its totality, rather than for the individual objects it contains. Its contents are highly representative of the development of Mechanics' Institute libraries across Australia, particularly Victoria. A diversity of publications and themes has been amassed, and these provide clues to our understanding of the nature of and changes in the reading habits of Victorians from the 1850s to the middle of the 20th century. The collection also highlights the Warrnambool community’s commitment to the Mechanics’ Institute, reading, literacy and learning in the regions, and proves that access to knowledge was not impeded by distance. These items help to provide a more complete picture of our community’s ideals and aspirations. The Warrnambool Mechanics Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and the important role it played in the intellectual, cultural and social development of people throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance. Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson Author: Ralph Waldo Emerson Publisher: George Routledge & Sons. Date: Further Information: Routledge's Popular Library of Standard Authors. These include Essays, First and Second Series Representative Men. Society and Solitude English Traits. The conduct of Life Letters and Social Aims, Poems, Miscellanies embracing Nature, Addresses and Lectures. The label on the spine cover with typed text PAT 814 EME Paste down front end paper has a sticker from Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Library covered by a sticker from Corangamite Regional Library Service. Front loose end paper has a stamp from Corangamite Regional Library Service. flagstaff hil, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, works of ralph waldo emerson, ralph waldo emerson -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Document - Certificate, Harland & Wolff Limited, Shipbuilding & Engineering Works, Indenture of Apprenticeship, 28th October 1941
A number of items once belonging to shipwright Norman McKenzie were donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. They are related to Norman’s apprenticeship and certification as a Shipwright in Belfast, his Union membership and his employment as a shipwright in Melbourne. One of the items, a union Rules Book inscribed with the name H.B. Thomas and dated 1902, had within its pages Norman’s Indenture of Apprenticeship, dated 1941, Norman Desmond McKenzie was born in Belfast in 1925 and lived at 10 Pansy Street Belfast, Northern Ireland. At the age of 16 years, he began a 5-year Shipwright’s apprenticeship with Harland & Wolff Limited, Shipbuilding & Engineering Works, Belfast. He became a member of the Ship Constructors’ and Shipwrights’ Association, Belfast (B) Branch 20. His Registration Number was 38748. He completed his apprenticeship on December 16th, 1946, aged 21 years, his address was 26 Connsbrook Drive, Sydenham, N. Belfast. In October 1949 Norman received Clearance from his Union as a financial member to move to another branch. He completed his Apprenticeship on December 16th 1946. Two months later he migrated to Australia, and he arrived in Victoria, and he became a Financial Member of the Victorian branch of the Federated Shipwrights, Ship constructors, Naval Architects, Ships’ Draughtsmen and Boat Builders’ Association of Australia, Victoria branch. One of Norman’s donated books is the Rules of the Shipwrights' Provident Union of the Port of London. It is inscribed on several pages with the name H.B. Thomas and includes the year 1902 and the address of 29 Brickwood Street, Gardenvale. This is a location in Victoria, Australia. The Victoria Government Gazette, February 1959, in the section “Removal from Registration on The Architects Registration Board of Victoria, during the year ended 31st December 1956” lists “Deceased – Thomas, H.B., 29 Brickwood Street, Gardenvale”. The Architects Union includes Naval Architects and Shipwrights and other related trades came under the same union. It seems likely that when he was in Melbourne, Norman worked as a Shipwright for H.B. Thomas and was given the Rules book by Thomas, perhaps as a reference book or maybe as a gift. Around that same time, December 1949, Norman met his wife-to-be, Daphne, in Melbourne. Daphne had migrated from London with her family and her father found work with the Melbourne Harbour Trust. They married in Melbourne in 1953 and went on to have a family of five children. In 2003 Norman and Daphne moved to Warrnambool and then years later they celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary. Norman passed away on July 28th 2015 at Warrnambool’s South West Healthcare hospital.Norman McKenzie's Rules Book, Union Cards, Indenture of Apprenticeship, and other documents tell the story of a young Irish lad's work and qualifications to become a shipwright and his migration to Australia. The young man found a job and a wife who had also migrated, and they raised a family in Melbourne. He and his wife then retired to Warrnambool to enjoy their later years. The collection of documents relating to Norman McKenzie is significant for its connection with the shipping industry of the early 1900s, the migration of qualified tradesmen to Victoria, and their contribution to the development of Victoria. The collection also shows the role of the Union in the shipping industry. The documents link shipwright Norman McKenzie to the Shipwright's Union in London and in Australia, and to shipbuilder H B Thomas in Melbourne, most likely his employer.Certificate printed on cream paper; Indenture of Apprenticeship, between Norman McKenzie of Belfast, and Harland & Wolff Ltd. of Queen's Island, Belfast on 28th October 1941. The Certificate was donated within the pages of a book, Rules of the Shipwrights' Provident Union of the Port of London published in 1895 and inscribed in 1905 with the name H. B. Thomas. Inscriptions are on the front and reverse of the certificate. There are two red wax seals beside the signatures of John Morrison and Norman D. McKenzie. Handwritten and underlined in red pen, top right of Certificate's front "1499" Printed on the Certificate, employer "HARLAND & WOLFF Limited, of Queen's Island, Belfast, Shipbuilders and Engineers" Handwritten in black pen "Twenty-eighth (day of ) October 1941" "Norman D. McKenzie, 10 Pansy Street, Belfast" "Shipwright Rates of wages as per National agreement" SIGNED: "John Morrison" "William Donald" "Joseph Kenney" "Norman D. McKenzie" Along the right margin "Apprenticeship completed 16th December 1946" In pencil on the reverse "N McKenzie, 26 Connsbrook Drive, Sydenham, N. Belfast" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, norman mckenzie, norman desmond mckenzie, belfast shipwright, shipwright's apprenticeship, harland & wolff limited, shipbuilding & engineering works, the ship constructors’ and shipwrights’ association, registered shipwright, victorian branch of the federated shipwrights, ship constructors, naval architects, ships’ draughtsmen and boat builders’ association of australia, victoria branch, shipwrights' provident union, h.b. thomas, architects registration board of victoria, naval architect, daphne, norman and daphne mckenzie, indenture of apprenticeship -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Ephemera - CHRISTMAS GREETING CARD
Christmas Greeting Card: Embossed paper with white daisy like flowers and green foliage. Card opens at the centre and has gold print 'The giver's loving thought Longfellow' *A bright and happy Christmas to you from Eliza* is hand written in Ink. One side of the card is detached with wear. On the back is also hand written *To my Dear Alice with love & Kisses*. A Trade Mark and Publishers to Her Majesty The Queen. Box 625Raphael Tuck & Sons Ltd, London, Paris, New York. Designed at the Studios in England and Printed by the ''Rafouth'' Plates at the Fine Art Works in Saxony. Copyright.ephemera, mementoes, christmas cards, christmas greeting card -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - BADHAM COLLECTION: VICTORIAN RAILWAYS BOOK OF SIGNALS 1.11.1949
Victorian Railways book of signals 1.11.1949, Victorian railways printing works, Laurens St North Melbourne. The book has a brown paper cover with blue binding on the spine and at the back.document, memo, railway, victorian railways book of signals 1.11.1949. victorian railways printing works, laurens st north melbourne -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - CENTRAL DEBORAH GOLD MINE: ADVERTISEMENT FOR UNDERGROUND TOURS FROM APRIL 1986
Central Deborah Gold Mine - Advertisement for underground tours from April 1986 / A4 size paper folded in half with photos of gold panning and mine works ./ Chronological history of the mine.book, bendigo, central deborah gold mine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BENDIGO ART GALLERY, BENDIGO ART SOCIETY, 10 October, 1926
Bendigo Art Gallery, Bendigo Art Society. President: Hon. R H S Abbot, M.L.C., F.R.S.A. Eleventh Exhibition, in the Bendigo Art Gallery, View Street. October 10th to 31st, 1926. Hon. Treas.: C E Bulley. Catalogue Price 6d. The President, Officers, and Committee of the Bendigo Art Society express their pleasure in presenting the representative collection embodied in this Exhibition. Mr John Shirlow, the noted etcher has been good enough to get together a fine showing of works from eminent artists, who have kindly exhibited with a disire to help the Society and to encourage the local artists. The patronage and help of our citizens is earnestly solicited. Fee, for exhibiting or ordinary membership, only 5/- per annum. Should you care to join, the executive officers will only be too pleased to give any information and to receive subscriptions. Joint Hon. Secs.: J Hudspeth, V E Greenhalgh. Fine Art Section. Arists names: Elma Roach, Ida F Knox, H J Honeybone, Edith H Moore, M A Hope, Lady Barrett, G E Parker, D Hinchcliffe, Aileen R Dent, J Hudspeth, J Florence MacGregor, Madge Freeman, C E Bulley, Merle Bulley, Ethel f Crook, L M Sheridan, C G Dunlop, Ena Smith, William H oliver, E Phillips Fox, Ethel Carrick, H Septimus Power, David Davies, Norman Davies, Norman W Penrose, Margaret McCloud, Josephine Van Damme, M E Coverdale, Marion Jones,R W Bugg, L Rowe, Lucy C Newell, Claire Colgan, Charles G Stewart, Alice Newell, V E Greenhalgh, Violet Hambly. Display of Hand-Painted China: H W Tilley, M Jacobs, W McKie, A E Collier, Hilda Veale, Elma Curnow, Jean Cahill, Frank Vaughan. Collection of Australian Art: W D Knox, Esther Paterson, Dora L Wilson, A M E Bale, E F Hooton, John Rowell, Horah Gurdon, Louis McCubbin. Section A (Outdoor Study, any subject, any medium.) Members only: C G Duinlop, J Florence MacGregor, Merle Bulley, William H Oliver, Norman W Penrose. Section B Student's Section. Drawing or Design. Pupils of Schools: Stanley R Millott, Joyce Ranson, Ronald William Forbes, Dorothy Clemens, Lilian J White, Ruby A I Welch, Nancy R Hudspeth, J Honey Church, J G Graham, Ivo Steel. Section C Student's Section. Applied Art. Pupols of Art Schools: Florrie Spencer, Joyce Ranson, Ronald W Forbes, Dorothy Clemens, Lilian J White, Ruby A I Welch, Nancy R Hudspeth, Jean Honeychurch, Annie I Paterson, Isabel Blake, Beatrice Lee, Garnet Capper, Gwen Osborne, Dorothy Olds, Marjorie Crossman, Doris Shaw, Phyllis Paul, Amy Bolton. Section D Plant Form From Nature (Pulils of Schools in Bedigo Inspectorate), North Bendigo: Alan Styles, Ronald Wright, Agnes R Styles, Jean Woodman. Creek View S.S. Beryl Butcher, Grace Gerguson, Ruth Cheatley, Elmore S.S.: George Read, Hazel Farnsworth, Lorna Washington, Keith Gow, Jean Oliver, Robbie Dick. Wanalta S.S. Mary Brown, Dorothy Nelson, Isobel Roberts, Kenneth McKenzie, Frank Brown. Barnedown S.S.: Elsie Read, George Cahill, Maud Nicholas, Leonard Robbins, Benjamin Robbins. Gravel Hill S.S.: Gladys Bamford, Jean Wright, Jean Hosking, Nancy Honeychurch, Norman McLean, Norman Guy, Agnes Stilwell. Violet St S.S.: Alma Worth, G McConville, Harry Elliot. Various Schools: Wm. Hyslop, Ruby Robertson, Hilda Parkinson, Maud O'Connor, Archie L Walker, Hedley Leggo, Jan O Hoy, Edith Cheatley, John Tatchell, Jean Barell, Keith Ashcroft, John Mueller, J Howe, Eric Cohen, Alice Glover, Ivy Morphett, Allen V Horne, Yin On, R W Moon. 2 Copies of catalogue. Black print, 12 pages made up of 3 sheets of paper with 2 staples in centre.Boltons Print, Bendigoevent, exhibition, bendigo art society, bendigo art gallery, bendigo art society. president: hon. r h s abbot, m.l.c., f.r.s.a. eleventh exhibition, in the bendigo art gallery, view street. october 10th to 31st, 1926. hon. treas.: c e bulley. catalogue price 6d. the president, officers, and committee of the bendigo art society express their pleasure in presenting the representative collection embodied in this exhibition. mr john shirlow, the noted etcher has been good enough to ger together a fine showing of works from eminent artists, who have kindly exhibited with a disire to help the society and to encourage the local artists. the patronage and help of our citizens is earnestly solicited. fee, for exhibiting or ordinary membership, only 5/- per annum. should you care to join, the executive officers will only be too pleased to give any information and to receive subscriptions. joint hon. secs.: j hudspeth, v e greenhalgh. fine art section. arists names: elma roach, ida f knox, h j honeybone, edith h moore, m a hope, lady barrett, g e parker, d hinchcliffe, aileen r dent, j hudspeth, j florence macgregor, madge freeman, c e bulley, merle bulley, ethel f crook, l m sheridan, c g dunlop, ena smith, william h oliver, e phillips fox, ethel carrick, h septimus power, david davies, norman davies, norman w penrose, margaret mccloud, josephine van damme, m e coverdale, marion jones, r w bugg, l rowe, lucy c newell, claire colgan, charles g stewart, alice newell, v e greenhalgh, violet hambly. display of hand-painted china: h w tilley, m jacobs, w mckie, a e collier, hilda veale, elma curnow, jean cahill, frank vaughan. collection of australian art: w d knox, esther paterson, dora l wilson, a m e bale, e f hooton, john rowell, horah gurdon, louis mccubbin. section a (outdoor study, any subject, any medium.) members only: c g duinlop, j florence macgregor, merle bulley, william h oliver, norman w penrose. section b student's section. drawing or design. pupils of schools: stanley r millott, joyce ranson, ronald william forbes, dorothy clemens, lilian j white, ruby a i welch, nancy r hudspeth, j honey church, j g graham, ivo steel. section c student's section. applied art. pupols of art schools: florrie spencer, joyce ranson, ronald w forbes, dorothy clemens, lilian j white, ruby a i welch, nancy r hudspeth, jean honeychurch, annie i paterson, isabel blake, beatrice lee, garnet capper, gwen osborne, dorothy olds, marjorie crossman, doris shaw, phyllis paul, amy bolton. section d plant form from nature (pulils of schools in bedigo inspectorate), north bendigo: alan styles, ronald wright, agnes r styles, jean woodman. creek view s.s. beryl butcher, grace gerguson, ruth cheatley, elmore s.s.: george read, hazel farnsworth, lorna washington, keith gow, jean oliver, robbie dick. wanalta s.s. mary brown, dorothy nelson, isobel roberts, kenneth mckenzie, frank brown. barnedown s.s.: elsie read, george cahill, maud nicholas, leonard robbins, benjamin robbins. gravel hill s.s.: gladys bamford, jean wright, jean hosking, nancy honeychurch, norman mclean, norman guy, agnes stilwell. violet st s.s.: alma worth, g mcconville, harry elliot. various schools: wm. hyslop, ruby robertson, hilda parkinson, maud o'connor, archie l walker, hedley leggo, jan o hoy, edith cheatley, john tatchell, jean barell, keith ashcroft, john mueller, j howe, eric cohen, alice glover, ivy morphett, allen v horne, yin on, r w moon. 2 copies of catalogue. black print, 12 pages made up of 3 sheets of paper with 2 staples in centre. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - FOUR BOOKS: 'THE QUEEN'S LONDON '
Four books -'The Queen's London ' - 32 Photographic Views for 6d , Cassell & Company , Limited ; London , Paris & Melbourne ( parts 6, 5, 4, 2 to be completed in 12 parts) ) / paper covers --'The Queen's London ' -surrounded by flowers , damaged , containing black and white photos -mid to late 1800's , inside front cover advert for 'Mellin's infant Food , G. Mellin's Food Works , Peckham , London , S.E. / inside rear cover shows an advert for Mellin’s Emulsion of Cod Liver oil , Food Biscuits and Lacto -Glucose / rear page shows photos of three infants and the words 'the following portraits are a few specimens of many thousands of strong healthy children reared on Mellin's Foods photos include - Temple bar , Harrow school, London bridge / architects drawing for ' Levels for Hanro Knitting Mills dated 20.6.26, Stamp showing 'Hanro' Australia Bendigo Knitting Mills Pty Ltd, stamp showing 'William Bocklie, consulting engineer 422-428 Collins St. Melboune.photograph, person, male / female, mellin's infant food / gustav mellin /baron justis von liebig, a famous dutch chemist -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Magazine - BADHAM COLLECTION: VICTORIAN RAILWAYS NEWSLETTER JANUARY 1969
Victorian Railways Newsletter January 1969. Newsletter printed in glossy paper with colour photos on front. The contents include photos of Melbourne's West Tower signal box also a related article, Powelltown in 1919, horse train on Sanderson's line at turn of the century. Printed at the Victorian railways printing works Laurens St North Melbourne.magazine, government, victorian railways -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: NEWSLETTER FEBRUARY1969 SPECIAL REPORT ON BUSHFIRES
Victorian Railways Newsletter February 1969 Special report on bushfires. Glossy paper with colour photos on front of bushfires in relation to railway property. The contents include photos of effects of the fire to VR property, closure of State coal mines, photos of fire destroyed bridge at Diamond Creek, Molesworth, the Powlett River Coal Field in 1910 (Wonthaggi), and Kirrak Mine. Printed at the Victorian railways printing works Laurens St North Melbourne.magazine, government, victorian railways, victorian railways newsletter / photos of effects of the fire to vr property/ closure of state coal mines / photos of fire destroyed bridge at diamond creek / molesworth/ the powlett river coal field in 1910 ( wonthaggi) / kirrak mine / printed at the victorian railways printing works laurens st north melbourne -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - THOMAS JAMES CONNELLY COLLECTION: MEMO DATED 31 OCT 1871, 31/10/1871
... . Bendigo. Items of correspondence. Memo on blue paper headed.... Bendigo. Items of correspondence. Memo on blue paper headed ...The Thomas James Connelly collection. T. J. Connelly - Brassfounder, Coppersmith, Plumber and Gasfitter. Located in High St. Bendigo. Items of correspondence. Memo on blue paper headed Bendigo Iron Works, dated Sandhurst, Oct 31 1871. To Mr Connelly for the order of four galvanised iron travelling trunks. Signed J. Norwood.trades, plumbing, thomas james connelly, connelly, thomas james. plumbers. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - SANDHURST SCHOOL OF MINES COLLECTION: LETTER: RE THE EDWARD'S METALLURGICAL WORKS BENDIGO
... Works / 720 - re 4 bags Pyrites (paper damaged )photo... Metallurgical Works / 720 - re 4 bags Pyrites (paper damaged )photo ...SANDHURST (BENDIGO) SCHOOL OF MINES LETTER -Re The Edward's Metallurgical Works Bendigo -Memo number 416 , dated 7.12.1907 'Dr to SCHOOL OF MINES ( Annie Lawrie Coy) by The Edward's Metallurgical Works / 720 - re 4 bags Pyrites (paper damaged )photo - Edward's Metallurgical Works Bendigo at top of Memo showing factorys, open fields , horse and buggydocument, the edward's metallurgical works bendigo / ( annie lawrie coy) / pyrites -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - BASIL MILLER COLLECTION: TRAMWAY RECONSTRUCTION
Two black and white photographs of bridge/road works being undertaken next the the Alexandra Fountain. Each photograph has been taken from opposite sides of the tram shown in the photograph. Both views are looking up Mitchell St. 'Ezywalkin' signs above shop on left corner. Photograph 'b' has large white area on left side. Reverse: 'a' 'C922' stamped in black , bottom edge. 'b' 'C922' stamped in black bottom edge. Both photographs have a 'Kodak paper' printed in grey at angle across back..person, individual, basil miller -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - CHARLIE BUTTON'S STORE
black and white photo: large weatherboard building with central doorway, 4 arched windows and panelled doorway to right of photo. Two males standing in doorway. Trunks, prams, rocking chairs in front of photo, also cast iron cookware. MP 99 top right hand corner. On paper enclosed with photo : ' this large weatherboard building was Charlie Button's Secondhand Furniture Store at 204 Williamson Street next to Jones Miller's Store formerly Pickles' large rolling stock works' ( BHS Inc. )organization, business, charlie button's store -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BENDIGO BUSINESSES COLLECTION: MEURER'S ELECTROPLATING
Blotter paper advertising Meurer's electroplating and enamelling works, 194 Mundy Street, Bendigo, tel. 203. Old teapots, cruets, hot water jugs, bowls, jardinières, ornaments, etc. Re-silvered or plated to look like new. On the left a drawing of a young lady in her graduation gown with a bunch of peonies.bendigo, business, meurer -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - HORWOOD COLLECTION: SHORT PAPER 'THE BENDIGO ENGINEERS'
... and Redpath. T Horsfield (works in Long Gully). Short paper re ...Short paper re 'The Bendigo Engineers' by unknown author, no date. Three typed pages mentioning; Joel Horwood (ca. 1856);, brother of John William Horwood (Castlemaine); Irving, Espie, Braddish and Arundel (of Victoria Foundry, 1858 and then bought by Abraham Harkness.; A Roberts of Roberts & Sons (1861) with sons William Roberts, Abraham Roberts and Robert Roberts.; George Grip (City Foundry (1862) - managed by James Watt- owned by Watt in partnership with Joseph Watt and S Osborne (1872) - then by W Ruddock, then by Dunn and Redpath. T Horsfield (works in Long Gully).bendigo, industry, bendigo engineers, joel horwood (ca. 1856); brother of john william horwood (castlemaine); irving, espie, braddish and arundel (of victoria foundry, 1858 and then bought by abraham harkness.; a roberts of roberts & sons (1861) with sons william roberts, abraham roberts and robert roberts.; george grip (city foundry (1862) - managed by james watt- owned by watt in partnership with joseph watt and s osborne (1872) - w ruddock, dunn and redpath. t horsfield (works in long gully). -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - NORMAN OLIVER COLLECTION: SPEECH NOTES 9 DECEMBER 1950
The Norman Oliver collection. Norman Oliver was three times Mayor of Bendigo - 1950-51, 1964-65, 1970-71. Fifteen pages, all but one typed in upper case. The pages are not numbered in sequence. Held together with a paper clip. In the format he used for his talks on 3BO 'The Mayor Speaks'. Topics include : Grants for Bendigo public works, Local Government Conference, taxis, the visit of the Chief Secretary for the Bendigo Cup, and Oliver's comments on the Melbourne play 'The Highwayman', set in Bendigo. Other names include Hon. J. H. Lienhop M.L.C., Mr Smithers, Mr Forrestal, Mr Strom, Mr Harold Alexander (South Melbourne Town clerk), Mr Calwell M.H.R., Mr Menzies, Mr Matthews, Hon.Cr. L. W. Galvin M.L.A., Mr Ted Mullett (Yarra Yarra tribe), Mr r. K. Dodgson M.L.A., Hon. Paul Jones M.L.C., Judge Norris,bendigo, council, speech notes, norman joseph oliver , councillor norman oliver. 3bo 'the mayor speaks'. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Container - CAKE OF MCLEODS CARBOLIC SAND SOAP
Cake of McLeod's carbolic sand soap in paper wrappers with red heart & arrow. Pumice sand soap for metals, marble, paint, cutlery, woodwork and kitchen utensils.McLeods concentrated trade mark heart & arrow ammoniated extract of soap McLeod's soap Co Pty Ltd works Geelong, Melbourne and Sydneydomestic equipment, cleaning, soap -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Container - CAKE OF MCLEODS CARBOLIC SAND SOAP
Cake of McLeod's Carbolic sand soap in paper wrapper with red hearts & arrow. Pumice sand soap for metals, marble, paint, cutlery, woodwork and kitchen utensils.McLeod's concentrated trade mark heart & arrow ammoniated extract of soap McLeod's soap Co Pty Ltd works. Geelong, Melbourne and Sydneydomestic equipment, cleaning, soap -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BILL ASHMAN COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
Two page letter to Mr. R. H. S. Abbott from the Managing Director of Scalebuoys (New Zealand) Limited. (Signature illegible). Dated 25 September, 1936. Letter typed in blue with red underline on paper with printed letterhead. It has a green scalebuoy with Scalebuoys (New Zealand) Limited printed across it. The letter mentions that goods were consigned by Hardley's per the S. S. 'Aorangi'. He is also asking if any Scalebuoys have been used in connection with Sewerage Works. He also mentions at the end that he has attached some photo of Mr. R. H. S. Abbott and Dr. Abbott.sciences, instruments - general, scalebuoy, bill ashman collection - correspondence, national mutual life chambers, mr r h s abbott, hotel australia sydney, hardley's, s s aorangi, aukland and suburbs drainage board, dr abbott -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - CAMBRIDGE PRESS COLLECTION: ACCOUNT - LANSELL'S ENGINEERING
Note/account paper with brown printed letterhead. Date line with 192-. Lansell's Engineering Works Bendigo across the top. Below is a shape with a locality plan of Bendigo and a dark brown line going from Charing Cross to Lansell's Engineering Works via View St, Barnard ST and Inglewood Rd where it turns left into a smaller unnamed street. On the left are the names of E. Lansell, E F V Norbury and L V Lansell (Managing Director).business, printers, cambridge press, cambridge press collection, lansell's engineering works, charing cross, sterry's hotel, lansell's 180, e lansell, e f v norbury, l v lansell -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Tool - TYZACK SCYTHE BLADE
Scythe Blade. Remains of two yellow paper labels. One label contains 'Trade Mark W.A. TYZACK & CO LTD. SHEFFIELD' The other contains 'PATENT UNBREAKABLE POINTED SCYTHE' This scythe has an advantage over any other scythe, as The Point cannot be broken in stony or rough ground' An embossed stamp on The scythe has the words 'W. A. TYZACK & Co. Ltd. Stella Works, Sheffield. -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - Report, Improvement of the Port of Melbourne, Improvement of the Port of Melbourne, 11 Jun 1855
Improvement of the Port of Melbourne -report upon the various plans for the improvement of Port of Melbourne, January 1854 Ten page foolscap on blue paper bound together with thread; .report by Capt C Paisley, Appendix and Particulars of Works by the Colonial Engineer, Lieut. H. Amsinck, RNmelbourne harbor trust - port of melbourne authority, piers and wharves, transport - railways, engineering - canals and drainage, port of melbourne, lieut h amsinck - colonial engineer, captain c paisley