This little bag of "whitener" additive for the washing of white clothes was manufactured in Hull in the United Kingdom mid and later 1900's. The Manufacturer, Ricketts, was one of the first manufacturers to employ women in equal proportions with males (a rarity before 1914). This product was used to improve the appearance of white fabrics. This ability to use a product that would "whiten" clothes chemically rather than the "hard boiling" of clothes was a time saver and a lot easier on the fabrics. This is a boon to rural families where time was of the essence (boiling took time). The blue coloring was introduced because the white colour perception is enhanced by the blue (fadeable and not permanent). The "washing machine industry" of the late 1900's emphasised "whitening" agents that were not so haphazard in producing blue stains, and allowed a "gentle" washing action. This item is very significant in detailing the early 1900's rural household domestic "chore" of washing white clothes to a "social" standard of cleanliness. White shirts were the mark cleanliness that those outside of the family judged the family unit by. The best clothes were worn to church on Sundays. Hard and mostly rural activities/work in the Kiewa Valley encompassing farming, crop cultivation, cattle/sheep and "field work" to do with the SEC Vic Hydro Scheme involved provided a stain prone environment. As appearances, of clothing, was on the whole not significant it was a different scenario at social and religious scenes. The ability to attain "brilliant" white shirts, dresses and bonnets by a less drastic method to that of "boiling" of clothes in vats, was a boon of that "era". The anti establishment revolt came later in the 1950's onward took longer to migrate from the cities and larger rural townships to eventually sneak into the Kiewa valley.This "blue bag" is a whitening agent wrapped in flannel or muslin, or sold ready bagged (1 ounce).It was used in the final rinse to "whiten white coloured clothes" The string was used to facilitate finger grip onto the "bag" after the wash had finished for easy removal to stop the hand and other surfaces from being stained by the blue colour residue drips.domestic and commercial laundries, starch and whitening additive, washing brightener

Reproduced 'Pioneers & Painters' p43 Source: Mrs. McMinn, Kinglake The photo is embossed in the lower left hand "H.J. Trowbridge," a photographer operating from at least 1895 and a photo stock dealer, developer and printer operating from Camera House in Collins St, Melbourne importing the finest English photographic equipment, paper, etc from 1905 through 1910 when he retired (Photo-focus. (1910, September 1). Punch (Melbourne, Vic. : 1900 - 1918; 1925), p. 3. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article175606285). He produced a 200 page catalogue in 1906 (H. J. TROWBRIDGE'S CATALOGUE. (1906, November 22). Punch (Melbourne, Vic. : 1900 - 1918; 1925), p. 3. Retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article175379934)This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.Digital image of 4 x 5 inch B&W Negative Also 19 x 25 cm printPhotographers name H.J. Trowbridge Lwr LHsepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, kinglake, post office

Bottled Phenyle cleaner was used throughout the 1900's in domestic kitchens, toilets and other "clean, germ free" environments. Some of these environments would encompass dairying milk handling rooms and hospital kitchens and ablution areas. It is a product which has resulted in the poisoning of some unwitting users (newspaper accounts of a woman in 1928 who drank some phenyle mistakenly for wine and died). The reliance of effective poisonous cleaning products in kitchens, especially in the 1900's was and is still a very hazardous element that the "most pivotal place in a house" contains. In the era when this particular bottle was used (1920's) the main means where consumed around the kitchen table, and this was especially so in rural areas. Keeping this area "germ" free was a mandatory requirement.This bottle is significant to the Kiewa Valley because this area was mostly rural with "out houses" and milk collection areas that required that "extra attention" of sanitation. Rural areas also where more prone to have the kitchen area as a general meeting place for the family before dinner and other meals. Sanitation was of greater importance in rural areas, due to the greater distances to hospitals and doctors if contamination occurred. City homes at this time frame had lounge rooms for the daily get together of the family unit. This was an era before the television and computer age fragmented and isolated family members from one another. This was a time that family members grouped together in the kitchen to find out "the latest news".This amber glass, diamond shaped bottle with cork stopper once contained Phenyle. Phenyle is a highly poisonous liquid. The amber opaque glass was used and not a clear glass to highlight it's content. It has a cork stopper at the top of a slender neck. All the glass embossed writing is highlighted by a string of crosses. The cross was used to enforce a visual danger sign.On one side "THIS BOTTLE IS THE PROPERTY OF" and in large print underneath "KITCHEN'S" and below this and underlined "POISONOUS". On the next side "NOT TO BE TAKEN" and next side in very large print and surrounded by a border "PHENYLE" with crosses enclosing it. On the bottom of a "blank side is "REGd. No. 2140" On the base is M 959 and Mkitchen cleaners, food preparation area, ablutions

The mid 1900's provided the start of "the body beautiful" revolution. The cosmetic industry, with the help of quasi scientific selling advertising slant targeted those "customers" that needed the "extra care" factor that only their product could offer. At this period in time their advertising power was based on in store, radio and newspaper media channels with saturation levels relatively low. In the later years of the 1900's saturation levels and a wider range of products and increased competition further increased the product saturation levels available to the buying residents. With the introduction of television the advertisements become more elaborate and "catchy" words, phrases and comedy type situations helped boost the advertising "pitch" and subliminal undertones to effective levels required for a highly competitive health related market place. 'sellingThis subliminally,"medically" endorsed product was one of many during the great "spin" revolution of product marketing and selling. This item is significant in that it demonstrates that greater infusion of product awareness throughout rural areas was highly successful through a greater variety of advertising media. It also demonstrates that in a highly competitive marketplace there are no physical boundaries that impinge upon the distribution of products and services. The rural sector is a highly lucrative region for any product that helps protect the body from all the "nasty's" that become more noticeable in a rural environment. This rectangular box which had contained cuticle soap is constructed from cardboard and reinforced by a black nylon impregnated sheeting. This impregnation was required to keep the box from soaking up any water from the user's hands. The top section of the box(lid) has and in large print "KELSEY'S" top line followed by "CUTICLE" off to the right and underneath and to the right "SOAP". Below this and in smaller print is "MEDICINALLY..." below this and in smaller print "EMOLLIENT AND REFRESHING, REDOLENT, CLEANSES, CURES, PRESERVES, PURIFIES." and last line underneath "SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TENDER SKIN" On each of the sides of the top lid are, side 1 "INVALUABLE FOR THE NURSERY." underneath in smaller print "JOHN M. KELSEY CO." to the left of this and on a green backed highlighter "No. 1744 - Guaranteed under Pure Food Act, 1908, N.S.W. by John M. Kelsey Co. - No. 1744. Melbourne, Victoria." On the right side and in large print "KELSEY'S CUTICLE SOAP" on the next side and also a similar sign on the opposite side "SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TENDER SKIN." below this "JOHN M. KELSEY CO." "Registered" and on the other long side in large print "SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TENDER SKIN" underneath in smaller print JOHN M. KELSEY CO. Registered"specialised soap, toilet requisites, nursery health., bathroom, domestic

This item is part of the Mary Gilbert Collection. Noorinbee School, situated on the Bombala Rd approximately 6.5 km north of Cann River, was opened on 26th of July 1900, with Albert Le Page as head teacher until 30th of September 1904. The school no longer functions. A school bus would daily to take the older children to the central classes at Cann River. "Noorinbee" is an Aboriginal word of unknown origin, The historical school is still at the front of the school yard. The Old Noorinbee School was been shifted twice. The first time they used a bullock team in 1924. The second time they used trucks and tractors in 1991. It was the first public building for the Cann Valleyand was first used as a hall and a church until it became the Noorinbee school in 1900. It was built in 1898.This item is associated with education in East Gippsland. It is also associated with the Gilbert family.A black / white photograph / postcard which has a letter written on the back. On the front is a small wooden building, a shed on the right, a wooden fence at the front with children scattered in the yard.on front - "State School No 3372" on back - " Mrs J. Gilbert Talangoota, Orbost"gilbert-annie noorinbee-state-school education-east-gippsland

Originally known as the Melbourne Cash Stores the general merchandise business of Younger and Co. was a dominant one in Liebig Street, Warrnambool from 1888 with the arrival in town of John Younger through to the store closure in 1983. John Younger was the director of the Warrnambool Woollen Mills in1903, the Mayor of Warrnambool in 1910 serving two terms and an elder of the Presbyterian Church. These labels are of importance as the John Younger store was a prominent business in Warrnambool for over ninety years..1 Rectangular cream and dark blue label with text. It is adhered to a piece of white paper. The label is damaged so that some of the text is obliterated. . .2 Rectangular thin card cream label with red text and a decorative border. .3 Cream rectangular label with a symbol of a Y and CO intertwined, other small decorations and text all in gold colour..1 MELBOURNE ( OBLITERATED) STORES FROM YOUNGER & CO. Dressmaking Millinery Drapery LIEBIG ST., WARRNAMBOOL.( In pencil and handwritten) Mrs. J Younger Darling Street .2 MANUFACTURED BY Y AND CO. WARRNAMBOOL SIZE.... .3 Modes de Paris YOUNGER & CO. 1900 ( in pencil ) ..younger and company, warrnambool

In 1899 the Boers, descendants of Dutch settlers, declared war on the British forces. Enthusiastic civilians throughout the Australian colonies volunteered for service, supported by their respective colonial governments. After Federation Commonwealth units were also mobilised. Others who were unable to join Colonial or Commonwealth units enlisted in forces raised by other nations including Britain and South Africa. The first joint colonial regiment, the Australian Regiment, was formed from companies representing Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania. The British gradually wore down Boer resistance, and peace was declared on 31 May 1902. Over 15,000 Australians served in the Boer War. Australian casualties totalled about 1400, with 518 killed. Six Australians were awarded the Victoria Cross for their bravery. Children in schools around the different colonies of Australia (this was prior to Federation) raised money to hold Peace picnics. Wodonga's Peace picnic was held at the racecourse. Only about 70 of these medallions were struck. They were presented to the children who raised the most money for the Peace picnic in each area.This artefact has local, national and international significance as it recognises the first major international conflict in which Australian colonial soldiers were involved,A small medallion issued in commemoration of peace at the end of the Boer War. There is a hole through the top so that it can be attached to a chain or clip.OBVERSE SIDE: At centre within line circle veiled head of Queen Victoria facing left, at top of circle, crown, at sides Australian and Royal flags; below, WODONGA 1900 REVERSE SIDE: Within wreath, IN / COMMEMORATION / OF / PEACE / BRITISH BOER / WAR / "LEST WE FORGET"australian commemorative medals, boer war 1899 - 1902, boer war peace medallion

BHS CollectionBendigo tramways - tram in Pall Mall, Bendigo. Showing streetscape from Shamrock Hotel to Colonial Bank of Australia, taken sometime after 1903.in faded blue ink 'S.A 519 - an original open combination, tramcar in Pall Mall, early 1900's. In purple stamped ink ' K.S. Kings No. S-! 519 copyright reserved. In black stamped ink '369' In black ballpoint pen 'Thurs 5/5 marks.cottage, miners

This is a 2013 election leaflet for Dan Tehan, the Federal Member for Wannon (Liberal Party). Wannon electorate is in the south west of Victoria and was one of the original seats established in 1900 for the first Federal Government. Warrnambool is in the Wannon Electorate. Dan Tehan won the seat in 2010 for the Liberal Party and has held it ever since. This is a leaflet of four pages and a cover. The printed material is multi-coloured with colour photographs, a map of the electorate and election statements and promises. There is one loose sheet printed in black and white. dan tehan, wannon electorate, warrnambool

Albert Key (1872-1921) was a brother of Ada Ingram (nee Key) Cabinet Photo Webb & Webb Artist Photographers 136 Swanston Street corner Little Collins Street, Melbourne Webb & Webb appeared to only operate at this location for a short time around 1895. By 1900 they were operating in Perth.On back in pencil Albert Keyalbert key, webb & webb artist photographers 136 swanston st melbourne, pam thoonen (nee ingram) collection

The handkerchief was on display at Flagstaff Hill reception area from 2008-2105 as an example of fine needlework with a lace pattern typical of the early 1900's. During that era the house mistress would often carry two handkerchiefs, one for blowing her nose and one out on show, perhaps in an apron pocket.This handkerchief is an example of fine handmade needlework. It is also an example of women's fashion accessories in the late 19th and early 20th century.White starched silk handkerchief, square shape, very soft fabric edged with 5cm embroidered net lace. Net was embroidered as a strip then joined at corners. The design is backstitched then the lace has been joined to the fabric using blanket stitch. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, handkerchief, lace handkerchief, woman's handkerchief, women's accessory, silk handkerchief, fine handcraft, needlecraft, ladies' handkerchief, 1900s

Short history of the Puffing Billy Railway, from the 1900 Upper Ferntree Gully - Gembrook railway line to its rebirth in 1955, operating between Belgrave and Menzies Creek, later extended to Gembrook. Written to commemorate the 20th anniversary and the official re-opening of the Lakeside to Gembrook line on October 18, 2018.4 p. typescript with col. photographspuffing billy railway

Maroon coloured cloth covered spine and cardboad covers. Text in gold.lord russell of killowen, political history, social history

Photograph of James William Partington (born 1900) in uniform. He enlisted in Sydney in 1917 as John McPhee because he was underage. James was the son of David Medhurst (1855-1939) and wife Martha Ruston Medhurst (1860-1943).who moved to Greensborough around 1898 and ran a store in Grimshaw Street. Digital copy of black and white studio photograph.james partington, james william partington, john mcphee

Frederick George Hurst (1841-1927) and Catherine Heffernan were married in Victoria in 1872. Frederick came to Australia in 1854, aged 12 years. They lived at Allwood, Hurstbridge and had three daughters. Reproduced on p79 of 'Pioneers & Painters' Yeoman & Co Melbourne was established in 1882 and closed 1900 (Source: NGV) This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book, "Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.Digital image 4 x 5 inch B&W Negcatherine hurst (nee heffernan), frederick george hurst, hurst family, hurstbridge, pioneers and painters, sepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection

Large building housing three businesses - T. Dillon, clothing(1899-1948); A.E. Bilton, Chemist (1887-1930's)with J.H. Knight, Dentist (upstairs) and the Piccadilly Cafe. c. 1900. Built in 1889 for Mr Sharman, proprietor of the Globe Hotel to replace single storey building destroyed by fire.Large photograph glued on cardboard. Triple fronted, two storey brick building. Signage shows Charlton Pharmacy top centre of upper storey, A.E. Bilton,(Chemist) J.H. Knight (Dentist), T. Dillon on LH side and Piccadilly Cafe on RH side. One man standing in front of the chemist shop.high st, chemist, cafe, clothing, bilton, dillon, knight

Rev John Edward Smith: b.1900; 1932 ordained Kergunyah; 1935 Port Campbell; 1937 Wycheproof; 1940 Werribee; 1947 Bendigo, St. John's; 1952 Albury; 1955 Essendon; 1967 Apollo Bay united; 1969 retired; 1971 emeritus, Presbytery of Melbourne West; 1986 died.B & W matte photograph of the Rev. J.E. Smith and an unidentified woman sitting together at a church function..presbyterian, minister, rev. john edward smith, albury, essendon

Rev John Edward Smith: b.1900; 1932 ordained Kergunyah; 1935 Port Campbell; 1937 Wycheproof; 1940 Werribee; 1947 Bendigo, St. John's; 1952 Albury; 1955 Essendon; 1967 Apollo Bay united; 1969 retired; 1971 emeritus, Presbytery of Melbourne West; 1986 died.B & W head and shoulders studio portrait of the Rev. John Edward Smith in clerical dress.presbyterian, minister, st. john's essendon, rev john edward smith

Image copied from older postcard (c.1890-1900) showing horse drawn vehicles and a horse tram. Since then, the southern side of the street has been widened. Businesses identified in the photograph include the Ryan's Council Family Hotel, the Greyhound Hotel, the Clifton Hotel, the ES&A Bank and Jellis' Bakery. Black & white photograph of a postcard showing Main [High] Street, Kew looking south west showing horse drawn tram centre.Reverse - "High St Kew looking down from Post Office to Kew Junction"horse tram kew, clifton hotel - kew junction, ryan's council family hotel kew, horse tram - kew (vic), kew junction

The collection of thirteen model horse drawn vehicles were carefully handmade by Mr Chas W Davis 1925 - 2002. He was a talented artist and saw doctor. This model of a horse drawn Piano Box Buggy replicates the vehicle that enjoyed respect from the public during the 1880 and early 1900's. A model of a red and black Piano Box Buggy c.1860 which was a lightweight two wheeled one passenger open horse drawn carriage with a black canopy roof where the driver sat behind. It has two large and two smaller gold painted spoked wheels with black rims, brown painted seating, two gold coach lamps and a black patterned footrest in front of the driver. The canopy has thin gold struts to open and close it depending on the weather. There are two long brown wooden shafts on each side to surround the horse. It has a model of a biscuit coloured horse with a white tail and mane with the necessary horse tack for carriage use to help the driver communicate with the horse. It was also known as the 'Bonner Buggy' and had many variations. Coach builders designed and made their own style, giving it their own name. There could have been scores of different Piano Box buggies.replicas, models, scale models, vehicles, carriages, horse drawn vehicles, toy horses

Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Iron works: 21 Garsed Street, Bendigo, circa 1900. Garrett John Sweeney was born in 1847 in Dublin, Ireland. He opened his timber and saw milling yard in 1882. The factory was able to produce all types of fancy wood products to supply builders within a 100-mile radius of Bendigo. The two-storey building housed machinery on the ground floor and timber stocks upstairs. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Book. ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION. 40 page hardcover book of a 63 verse poem by John Keats. With 5 colour illustrations plus one on front cover. An Envelope Book series published about 1900 by , Edinburgh and London. Printed by Neill & Co. Ltd, Edinburgh. This poem is based on Philemon's story in Boccaccio's 'Decameron', written when Keats was 24 years of age, 2 years before his death. Catalogue sticker ''2126 KEA'' on spine.John Keatsbooks, collections, poetry, alec h chisholm collection, john keats, poetry

Photocopy of photo showing four wheeled horse drawn vehicle with fringed canopy. Male driving. Large light on side of vehicle. Inscriptions written across top 'The last cab to run between Eaglehawk and Bendigo. On back in grey lead ' FJ Stephens, Cabman' The last horse drawn cab to ply between Bendigo and Eaglehawk. The introduction of the tramway system in 1900 saw a rapid decline in the need for horse cabs along the line. (Bendigo Historical Society Inc).place, transport, horse drawn vehicle

Black and white photograph on grey board of view (from Law Courts?) towards Howard Place, Bendigo. Conservatory Building in foreground and row of horse drawn cab (equivalent to present day taxis). Two story buildings with Hotel, Grocers, Undertakers, Photographers and Black Swan Hotel. Inscriptions: on back - Conservatory Gardens and Howard Place, Bendigo', '30', 'Gardens, 1204, FSP', '1165 (a)', 'date about 1900 ----', 'Royal Historical Society Victoria, Bendigo Branch' in a circular stamp.buildings, conservatory

Photograph - sepia - portrait of a man, woman, 2 children and 1 baby. Written on front of photograph. 'Warragul about 1890' Assumption is George Pethard (snr), Mirim (mother) baby on her knee is Lydia (1 or 2 yrs old), boy standing between mum and dad is George (jnr) aged 2 or 3 yrs. Girl sitting in front of dad is Agnes aged 10 or 11 yrs. Check with other family portrait 1332.9, taken in 1900.person, family, pethard family, photograph. pethard family portrait.

Photocopies: on one page, four cards. Bendigonian Series - In Hargreaves Street, Bendigo, Vic. Image shows horses and carts, Faul building. General view of Mitchell Street, Bendigo, circa 1900., Bendigonian Series, City Market Buildings, Bendigo, Vic. (? ) Bawdens Drapery Emporium - outside building D. Fletcher-Jones- Millinery Van -The Western district Travelling Draper , written on van ,There is a horse and cart which has a sign - D. Fletcher Jones, Travelling Draper.-bendigo, streetscape, mitchell, hargreaves st., bendigo, mitchell street, hargreave street, bawdens, faul.

Black and white photo mounted on dark grey board: photo shows merry-go-round, children and adults on horses riding the horses. Three men dressed in uniform, white caps and dark suits, standing in centre of merry-go-round possibly operating staff. Children and adults standing around outside. Three girls in foreground, wearing knee length dresses and hats, looking at photographer. Clothing indicates early 1900's or late 1800's.bendigo, entertainment, e.a. brown merry-go-round