This handmade ‘gallon’ style of bottle was generally used for storing and transporting wine and ale. Many bottles similar to this one have their bases embossed with “6 TO THE GALLON”. It is one of many artefacts recovered from unidentified shipwrecks along Victoria’s coast between the late 1960s and the early 1970s. It is now part of the John Chance Collection. The capacity of this is one-sixth of a gallon (imperial measure), which is equal to 758 ml. (American bottles were often inscribed “5 TO THE GALLON”, which is one-fifth of an American gallon, equal to 757 ml.) Contemporary home brewers can purchase new ‘6 to gallon’ bottles that hold 750 ml. and are sold in cases of 36 bottles, which is equal to 6 gallons of wine. Glass was made thousands of years ago by heating together quartz-sand (Silica), lime and potash. Potash was obtained from burnt wood, but these days potash is mined. The natural sand had imperfections such as different forms of iron, resulting in ‘black’ glass, which was really dark green or dark amber colour. The ‘black’ glass was enhanced by residual carbon in the potash. Black glass is rarely used nowadays but most beer, wine, and liquors are still sold in dark coloured glass. Glass vessels were core-formed from around 1500 BC. An inner core with the vessel’s shape was formed around a rod using a porous material such as clay or dung. Molten glass was then modelled around the core and decorated. When the glass had cooled the vessel was immersed in water and the inner core became liquid and was washed out. Much more recently, bottlers were crafted by a glassblower using molten glass and a blow pipe together with other hand tools. Another method was using simple moulds, called dip moulds, that allowed the glass to be blown into the mould to form the base, then the glassblower would continue blowing free-form to shape the shoulders and neck. The bottle was then finished by applying a lip. These moulded bottles were more uniform in shape compared to the free-form bottles originally produced. English glassblowers in the mid-1800s were making some bottles with 2-piece and 3-piece moulds, some with a push-up style base, sometimes with embossing in the base as well. Improvements allowed the moulds to also have embossed and patterned sides, and straight sided shapes such as hexagons. Bottles made in full moulds usually displayed seam seams or lines. These process took skill and time, making the bottles valuable, so they were often recycled. By the early 20th century bottles were increasingly machine made, which greatly reduced the production time and cost. This bottle is historically significant as an example of a handmade, blown inscribed glass bottle manufactured in the mid-to-late 1800s for specific use as a liquor bottle with a set measurement of one-sixth of gallon. It is also historically significant as an example of liquor bottles imported into Colonial Victoria in the mid-to-late 1800s, giving a snapshot into history and social life that occurred during the early days of Victoria’s development, and the sea trade that visited the ports in those days. The bottle is also significant as one of a group of bottles recovered by John Chance, a diver in Victoria’s coastal waters in the late 1960s to early 1970s. Items that come from several wrecks have since been donated to the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village’s museum collection of shipwreck artefacts by his family, illustrating this item’s level of historical value. Bottle, brown glass, handmade. Tall slim Gallon style liquor bottle. Applied double collar lip; square upper with flared lower. Push-up base with pontil mark and embossed inscription. Base is uneven, glass composition has imperfections.Embossed on base "6 TO THE GALLON"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, john chance, glass bottle, antique bottle, gallon bottle, 6 to the gallon bottle, handmade, dip mould, mouth blown, pontil mark, blown bottle, liquor bottle, ale bottle, double collar, 19th century bottle, collectable

A brown paper folder titled 'History for Grade VIII 17'. A course of study for the teaching of history to Grade VIII. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, bendigo teachers' college, teaching, history, curriculum, history - study and teaching, mr. l.j. pryor, male, individual, person, education, education resource centre

A brown paper folder titled 'History for Grade VII 16'. A course of study for the teaching of history to Grade V11. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, teaching, history - study and teaching, education resource centre, mr. l.j. pryor, male, person, individual, bendigo teachers' college, curriculum

Two pieces of decorative timber from washstand/dressing table. Large piece is F shaped with a wider curved piece at the top and the lower piece is wave shaped. The second piece is wave shaped. It fitted on the larger piece. Both are brown timber stained.furniture, domestic, dressing table/washstand, furniture pieces, m ballhause

3 x copies of Cream coloured , stapled Booklet with brown printing -'History of the Napier Waller Murals , Myer Mural Hall Bourke Street store.The booklet contains a guide to the various murals with numbers and descriptions giving information about the characters portrayedMyer Historian's Officebooks, catalogues, napier waller murals /napier walle

Advertising brochure for the Anzac Centenary Tram ' Stories from the Great War', brown coloured, red, white and gold fonts. 'hear the story of Bendigo as it was during WW1 while you trundle through the city aboard a refurbished 1914 Vintage 'Talking' Tram.event, war, centenary tram bendigo, tram, bendigo, anzac

Brown manilla envelope [a] with printed 'Cohn Bros Victoria Bry Co Ltd & address P O Box 188. Handwritten label 'Victorian Country Aerated Water and Cordial Manufacturers Association 'Constitution and Rules'. Constitution & Rules [b] enclosed in envelope.bendigo, industry, cohn bros brewery

Abbott collection, black and white photograph showing a group of men in military uniform trying to dis-entangle a tank from barbed wire, in a thin black wooden frame, under glass with buff coloured mount, brown paper backing with framers label.photograph, tank, abbott

Bendigo Goldfield. Produced by Mines Department Victoria Yellow cover with a map of Australia depicting the states and highlighting Victoria. Issued by Geo Brown Secretary of Mines. Underneath the Map is printed 'Mines Department, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 1936. Maps at the back of book.Mines Department Victoriabendigo, mining, early history., bendigo - history, mining, and bendigo goldmines.

Photograph album with dark brown cover, with cord and flower imprint. Some photos have been removed, others are very faded. Content is military, London places and streets, winter scenes. Six pages. 3480.19 Front Cover 3480.19b Inner Pagemilitary, world war 1

Document. Music School Examination Certificate. Distinction Certificate presented to Gertrude Perry by The Associated Board of The Royal Academy of Music and The Royal College of Music for Pianoforte Primary Division. Printed in brown & black on buff coloured card. Pupil of Miss M Thomas.person, individual, gertrude perry, gertrude perry collection, music school examination certificate, the royal academy of music, the royal college of music, thomas miss m

Two sheets of two blank cheques for Bendigo Sewerage Authority House Connections. Bank is Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Bendigo. Printed part date on the cheques is 192-. Printed by Cambridge Press, Bendigo. Cheques are pink with brown printing and a decorative left edge.business, printers, cambridge press, cambridge press collection, bendigo sewerage authority, commonwealth bank of australia

Folded paper sheet with handwritten '30th April 1893 Dividend Sheet The Cohn Bros Victoria Brewery Company Limited 1893 Bendigo' on top fold. Shareholder names and their holdings listed. Numerous Brown One Penny Stamp duty stamps attached.bendigo, industry, cohn bros brewery

Blue coupon, dated Sept 5 1877 asking Mr. Lewis, Treasurer, to pay Hugh Brown the sum of 33/4 for 10 Days Sick Pay. Signed by James W. Long, C.R. and Wm. Rowe, Secretary. Signed at the end by A. Christensen.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no 3770 collection - to pay, court king of the forest, lewis, hugh brown, james w long, wm rowe, a christensen

Colour photographic print in Black frame and mushroom Brown Mat. Picture Depicts the clearing of space for headquarters construction. One man using a jackhammer on rock while another sits with rifle beside him. Back ground is bush/ forest and cleared bushland.My Vietnam Collection. Task force headquaters construction - 1966 Peter Fischer. On back - Gift horse gallery / fine art original works by local and interstate artists. Professional picture Framers. CNR Paxton st & 130 Main North Rd. Clare 5453. Phone / Fax / Mob.photograph

Cream coloured paper music book with a brown printed design, inc. a floral border and small silhouette of violinist. "Golden Hours for Violin and Piano, Easy Transcriptions, Classical & Popular". Contents are listed beneath. Published by Keith Prowse & Co. Ltd., London.

Music book "First Piano Lessons, Book II, The Countryside", Composed by Walter Carroll, covered in brown discoloured paper, original cover has a white background with charming illustration of children walking over stone bridge and fishing in the river, printed in blue..

booklet, 51 pages. 'Bendigo Goldfield' issued by Geo Brown, Secretary for Mines. Mines Department 1936. Contains information on the geology of the Bendigo goldfield and major lines of reef and mines. Map of goldfield showing reef lines and mines attached to back cover.bendigo, mining, bendigo goldfield

Colour photo: Royal Mail Hotel, Corner Williamson and Hargreaves Streets, Bendigo. Three storey hotel, the bottom in brown and grey bricks, the top two storeys painted in grey. The name Royal Mail Hotel in red letters above main entrance.bendigo, hotel, royal mail

From Vine to Wine 'By an Orlando Grape'. Brown book with cloth cover, writing on the front cover is in gold. 30 pages, text one side and photos on the other. Book is by G. Gramp and Sons Ltd, recounting 100 years they've been in business.an Orlando Grapebooks, technical, wine making, cohn brothers.g. gramp and sons, orlando

Document. Dark cream & cream mottled book with brown binding containing entries of weight of gold, amount of advance, fineness, & value. Gold book for the North Virginia GMC N L. 2 pages used. 9 loose documents (1938 - 1943).McColl, Rankin & Stanistreetorganization, business, north deborah gmc n l, mccoll, rankin& stanistreet, north deborah gmc n l, north virginia gmc n l, e s & a bank, royal mint, gold mining, gold book

Issued to Royal Army Medical Corps soldiers, this cap badge would have been worn by Francis Browne during World War I. Francis James Browne died in Sydney 1963. He had a long career in obstetrics and gynaecology. Summary of appointments include: General Practice in Wales, Maternity Department of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 1st director of obstetric unit, University College Hospital London. Retired and continued postgraduate teaching in London and NSW. Married to Grace Cuthbert, who was director of Maternal and Baby Welfare in NSW. Collection of objects transferred from the Archives to the Museum collection found amongst Professor FJ Browne's papers.Dark brown metal cap badge. Design features a crown sitting atop a laurel wreath, which surrounds a representation of the Rod of Asclepius (serpent wrapped around a rod). A scroll is affixed below the wreath which is inscribed 'ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS'.world war i, numismatics, browne fj

The minutes of each meeting of the Board of Management of the Victorian Deaf & Dumb Institution, the Victorian School for Deaf Children and Deaf Children Australia has been retained from 1862 to 2010.The minutes of the meetings provide an insight into the day to day running of the School, from Wages and Salaries, student issues to broader educational topics, building works and finances.Brown leather bound book with decorative stamping around edges of front and back covers containing the handwritten minutes of the meetings of the Victorian Deaf and Dumb Institution from June 1869 to December 1874. Committees are: House Committee, Building Committee and General CommitteeSpine: "MINUTE BOOK" in gold stamping on red leatherdeaf children australia, deaf education, minutes of meeting

Top half of the flag is red, the bottom half is blue with a yellow, five pointed star in the centre. Dark brown, wooden frame and navy velour backing. Photo of Pte. R. Curry, CPL C N McEvoy and Pte. K R Matthews.Flag captured at the Battle of Dong Ha SVN 1968. flag donated by LAC. K R Matthews, Eng. Fitt, 35 Sqn Vietnam 1969-1970.battle of dong ha.