The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The former Convent of the Good Shepherd at Abbotsford includes ecclesiastical, residential, educational and utility buildings constructed during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries on a bend of the Yarra River. In 1975 the site was purchased by the Victorian Government as a higher education campus. A proposed redevelopment of the site in the late 1990s led to a community-based heritage battle which resulted in 2004 in the transfer of the convent site south of St Heliers Street to the Abbotsford Convent Foundation for community use. (Source: Heritage Victoria)This photograph is part of a series taken c.1990 by the photographer Rick Lowell. It was taken before the heritage campaign to preserve the site for community use.Colour snapshot of a part or section of the Former Convent of the Good Shepherd, Abbotsfordabbotsford convent, convent of the good shepherd, abbotsford (vic.)

The photograph depicts a view across the water at Lake Sambell. The image dates from approximately 1960. The present day park and reserve occupies the site of the former Rocky Mountain Mining Company, an open-cut sluice mine that began operations in the mid-Nineteenth Century and operated until the early 1900s, through the peak of Victoria’s Gold Rush. It was converted into a park and leisure area in the 1920s. Lake Sambell was formally opened to the public on Friday 5th October 1928 and was opened by the Victorian Government’s Minister of Lands, Mr Bailey, as part of initiatives to boost the economies and development of country towns. The lake was named after Mr L.H. Sambell, a shire engineer and secretary of the Forward Beechworth Committee who was involved in promoting the transformation of the mining site and promoting plantation forestry and tourism as alternative industries. £300 to begin the process was provided by Mr J. McConvill, a former resident of Beechworth, who is remembered in a street name adjacent to the lake. Residents of Beechworth have worked to raise funds to improve the Lake Sambell reserve several times, such as efforts in the 1930s and 1940s to raise the banks several feet to deepen the water for swimming purposes. Fundraising campaigns include the ‘Ugly Man’ competition conducted on behalf of the Wallace Park-Lake Sambell Development Scheme. The latter competition was run by the Fire Brigade Bend’s team as part of a larger competition called the ‘Mile of Pennies’; it was won by Mr Len Knight of Beechworth’s Commercial Hotel. The ‘Mile of Pennies’ was conducted at a Carnival held on New Year’s Eve, 1947. It was proposed by the Beechworth and District Progress Association. As well as improving swimming facilities, funds were raised to install a caravan park facility near the lake. Funds were also donated by commercial entities, such as £250 received from Zwar Bros. Pty Ltd. The photograph is significant as it shows the level of development of Beechworth in the early to mid-Twentieth Century. Sepia rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paperObverse: nil. Reverse: 3470 / Velox (paper mark)beechworth, beechworth lake, lake sambell, lake, beechworth and district progress association, forward beechworth committee, ugly man, mile of pennies, wallace park lake sambell development scheme, wallace park-lake sambell development scheme, zwar bros, zwar, l.h. sambell, j. mcconvill, minister of lands, commercial hotel, len knight, rocky mountain mining company, rocky mountain mining co, gold rush, redevelopment, transformation, community fundraising

This image shows the approach to Beechworth from the south-west via the Newtown Bridge. Numerous early buildings line the road as it bifurcates to become Ford and High Streets on the ridge above Spring Creek and Newtown Falls. The sloping, rocky terrain and water course along the gorge show evidence of the intense mining activity that occurred at the site. The Ovens Gold Rush at Beechworth started when gold was found at Spring Creek in February 1852, prompting an influx of miners from around the world. The population grew over 20,000 by 1857. While the earliest mining at Beechworth was similar to that in other Victorian goldfields like Ballarat and Bendigo, Beechworth is notable for its use of hydraulic sluicing as a major method of removing wash-dirt. Hydraulic sluicing employs high pressure jets of water to blast away large areas of earth and wash it down to be run through a sluice box. Gold gets caught in the sluice and the remaining slurry is washed away. This method of mining is extremely effective but causes significant environmental impacts and damage to waterways. Large water quantities were required for large-scale sluicing, and the long water races and deep tailraces that were constructed in the Beechworth area in the nineteenth century are nonetheless considered feats of engineering. The site in the photograph is associated with the Rocky Mountain Mining Company who constructed an eight hundred meter tunnel under the township between 1876-1880 to reduce water levels at Spring Creek, which had been subject to diversions since the earliest days of alluvial mining. Over four million ounces of gold (115 tones) were found at Beechworth between 1852 and 1868, and the wealth from the gold rushes built Beechworth and the nationally significant buildings that remain standing today.This image shows the early development of the Beechworth township above Spring Creek, where gold was discovered in 1852. Evidence of hydraulic sluicing, a uniquely predominant method at Beechworth, and water-works engineering are present in the landscape. By the 1870s, alluvial gold deposits were depleted and increasingly complex engineering was required so deeper shafts could reach bedrock. This image is significant for understanding changes to the landscape and the evolution of mining methods and engineering practices related to the extensive construction, manipulation and management of water networks. The shift from smaller scale alluvial mining to larger company dominance in the mining industry has implications for understanding wider social, economic, political and industrial changes in the region of Beechworth and within the context of the Victorian Gold Rush more broadly. A black and white rectangular reproduction photograph printed on photographic paper. burke museum, beechworth museum, beechworth, gold fields, gold rush, victorian gold rush, hydraulic sluicing, rocky mountain mining company, spring creek, netwown falls, mining tunnels, water races, tailraces, colonial australia, australian gold rushes, mining technology, beechworth historic district, indigo gold trail, migration, indigo shire, gold mining, gold mining history

The disc-shaped design of these 1LB and 2 LB metal weights enables them to be stacked one on top of the other. The weights are used with a balance scale to accurately weigh the mass of items such as grain, sugar, meat or potatoes. They could have been used in retail or wholesale businesses like a general store or a grain merchant’s premises. The user would place either one or both of these weights on one side of a balance scale. Goods would then be placed onto the other side of the scale until the beam between both sides of the scale was level, showing that the weight of the goods was as heavy as the weight or weights on the other side. These two weights are marked in Imperial units. An Imperial Standard 1LB is equal to 453.592grams. The British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 defined official standards for weights and measurements. This ensured that uniform measurements would be used for trade throughout the Empire. Towns and districts would have an official set of Imperial Standard Weights and Measures. Inspectors periodically used this official set to check the accuracy of traders’ own weights and measures. There would be penalties such as fines or imprisonment for people who broke these laws. The State of Victoria had its own Weight and Measures Act in 1862 and a decade later the inspectors in local councils used their local set of weights and measures to test the local businesses measuring equipment. In the nineteenth century the Victorian Customs Department carried out this role but this was handed over to the Melbourne Observatory at the beginning of the twentieth century. The Measures Branch then followed on with this task from the 1940s until 1995. Australia began converting to the metric system in the 1960s, beginning with its money. The conversion from imperial to metric units of measurement in Australia took place from 1970 and was completed in 1988 when metric units became the only legal unit of measurement. Imperial Standard weights; set of two disc-shaped weights designed to stack one upon the other. Inscriptions are marked in relief. "IMPERIAL STANDARD 1LB" [weight 1], "IMPERIAL STANDARD 2LB" [weight 2]warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, wieght, weights and measures, imperial standard weight

The disc-shaped design of this 2 LB metal weight enables it to be stacked on top of another similarly shaped weight. The weight is used with a balance scale to accurately weigh the mass of items such as grain, sugar, meat or potatoes. It could have been used in retail or wholesale businesses like a general store or a grain merchant’s premises. The user would place the weight on one side of a balance scale. Goods would then be placed onto the other side of the scale until the beam between both sides of the scale was level, showing that the weight of the goods was as heavy as the weight on the other side. This weight is marked in Imperial units. An Imperial Standard 1LB, or one pound, is equal to 453.592grams. The British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 defined official standards for weights and measurements. This ensured that uniform measurements would be used for trade throughout the Empire. Towns and districts would have an official set of Imperial Standard Weights and Measures. Inspectors periodically used this official set to check the accuracy of traders’ own weights and measures. There would be penalties such as fines or imprisonment for people who broke these laws. The State of Victoria had its own Weight and Measures Act in 1862 and a decade later the inspectors in local councils used their local set of weights and measures to test the local businesses measuring equipment. In the nineteenth century the Victorian Customs Department carried out this role but this was handed over to the Melbourne Observatory at the beginning of the twentieth century. The Measures Branch then followed on with this task from the 1940s until 1995. Australia began converting to the metric system in the 1960s, beginning with its money. The conversion from imperial to metric units of measurement in Australia took place from 1970 and was completed in 1988 when metric units became the only legal unit of measurement.Weight; 2 lbs. Metal disc designed for stacking. Inscription marked in relief. Imperial Standard weight, 2 pounds weight."IMPERIAL STANDARD", "2lbs"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, standard measure, imperial standard, weight, 2lb weight, imperial standard weight

This private late-nineteenth-century four-wheeled carriage has been built to transport a family or group of passengers with a coachman in the front seat. It can be pulled by one horse, or by two horses if the T-pole is attached. The button fittings along each side of the carriage indicate that a folding roof or hood was once attached. The frame across the front of the carriagewas likely to have been a ‘dashboard’ with a leather or wood covering to prevent water, mud and other particles from splashing onto the passengers. The rear step between the two side-facing bench seats is adjustable to allow for ladies’ long skirts. These rear seats appear to be removable, in which case the carriage could be converted to a wagon to transport goods and equipment. The carriage could have been illuminated by oil or carbide lamps placed into the lamp holders on the sides. The carriage was kept under cover for many years in an open-front sandstone building that also included living quarters and an area that may have been stable. It was at ‘Murweh’ a Warrnambool property at 203 Liebig Street. The home is now Heritage and National Trust Listed and described as a ‘gentleman’s residence’. It was built by James Wotton Shevill in the 1860s. Shevill was a councillor from 1875 to 1878, serving in 1878 as Mayor of the Borough of Warrnambool. Jeremiah Wade lived at Murweh there from 1879-1880. By 1915 F.B. Whitehead and his family were living there, and by 1930 the address was used by Mr T.J. Rome and his family. Thomas James Rome was still using that address in September 1973 after his 100th birthday. It is believed that one of the property’s owners had been an Obstetrician in Warrnambool. The current owner re-told the story that children used to hide in the back section of the carriage and smoke, hidden from the sight of onlookers. He had heard the story from a previous owner.The well-appointed horse-drawn four-wheeled carriage is likely to have first belonged to a local councillor and past Mayor of the town of Warrnambool, J.W. Shervill, whose 1860s city property was the carriage location for many years. The carriage is a rare local example of a town-based lifestyle befitting a prosperous personality of the late 19th century. It adds to the story of Warrnambool's development as a town influenced by the port, wealth gained from shipping and the home place of prominent local people such as the Councillor and later Mayor. The side-facing rear seating is unusual for a passenger carriage. It has the feature of removable rear bench seats, allowing for the dual purpose of a carriage or wagon.Carriage; the Victorian-era horse-drawn four-wheeled open carriage has a coachman’s bench seat across the front and two side-facing bench seats in the rear. There are steps at the front on each side and a centre adjustable step and the back. It has a hinged shaft, two lamp holders and a separate T-pole. The bench seats have padded backrests upholstered in green leather and each has padded armrests at the ends. A rectangular metal frame, likely to have been a dashboard, is mounted across the front of the carriage. It has two inner vertical bars. The carriage's body is painted dark green with crimson highlights on some of the panelling. Decorative oval panels with hand-painted motifs are mounted along the sides. The side panels of the carriage have metal fastener buttons attached. The iron-rimmed wheels have sixteen wooden spokes and copper cuffs on the outside of the hubs, and the rear wheels are higher than the front wheels. Wooden brake blocks are mounted onto the back wheels and are active by a metal lever at the front right side of the carriage. The undercarriage is fitted with leaf springs on each side, mounted from front to back axles. Included are: (1) The separate T-pole that allows two horses to be harnessed to the carriage (2) Leather horse winkers with metal hardware and oval brass plate on the side of each winkerMotif painted on an oval panel [a musical lyre within a blue floral wreath flanked by scrolls] flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, murweh, buggy, cart, carriage, wagon, horse-drawn vehicle, victorian buggy, four-wheeled carriage, coachman’s seat, bench seat, side-facing benches, upholstered seats, victorian decals, heritage vehicle decoration, antique hand painting, hand painted decals, motifs, iron-rimmed wheels, wooden brake blocks, leaf springs, t-pole shaft, rear step, equine carriage, 19th century vehicle, victorian transport, transport, gentleman’s vehicle, james wotton shevill, councillor, mayor, jeremiah wade, f.b. whitehead, thomas james rome, warrnambool obstruction, warrnambool genealogy, warrnambool pioneers, victorian carriage, one horse carriage, two horse carriage, horse drawn carriage

This example of a sailing ship’s ‘dead-eye’ is from the wreck of the LOCH ARD, which sank near Port Campbell in 1878. The vessel was an iron hulled clipper ship constructed for the Loch Line in 1873. It was part of a fleet of similar merchant ships owned by that company, which specialised in bringing passengers and goods from London via the Great Circle route to Melbourne, and returning to Britain via Cape Horn with the colony’s wool clip. Deadeyes were a common feature of sailing ship technology in the nineteenth century. They were a simple, cheap, and hard-wearing device that, in conjunction with another deadeye, provided an effective means of levering, or tightening, attached ropes and stays. Lower deadeyes were fixed to the sides of the ship by an encircling metal collar (inset in a flattish groove chiselled around the outer circumference of the disc), which was bolted to iron bars attached to the hull (called chain-plates). Upper deadeyes were looped by a strong hemp or wire rope (inset in a rounded groove carved around the outer circumference of the disc), which was joined to the bottom ends of the rigging which reached up to secure the masts into position (called shrouds or stays). Connecting a Lower deadeye to its corresponding Upper deadeye was a rope (called a lanyard) which looped up and down through the three “eyes” of each disc, to form a pulley system. The hitching of the two deadeyes with a looped lanyard provided the means of tightening, or loosening, the tension on the mast rigging ― essentially by pulling against the chain-plates bolted to the outside of the hull. It was a procedure that could be performed by sailors at sea and in emergencies. For example, after a gale the stays may have stretched and the masts worked loose, requiring retightening. Or, in the extreme circumstance of shipwreck, the lanyards might need to be released on the weather side, so that the masts fall away from the stricken vessel. The shipwreck of the LOCH ARD is of State significance. Victorian Heritage Register S417.A well-preserved ship’s deadeye with wire loop rope still attached. The original tar coating for water-proofing still remains, colouring the entire artefact black. It is wrapped in hessian cloth and hemp cord and is currently in storage under secure and stable conditions. This deadeye was recovered from the wreck of the LOCH ARD. The artefact is a typical deadeye, comprising a thick round wooden disc, pierced by 3 similarly sized and shaped holes from one flat side through to the other, in a triangle formation. The survival of the wire cable loop-rope suggests it was an Upper Deadeye, connected to the shrouds (mast rigging). Previous number PWO 2388.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, deadeye, loch ard, rigging

In the words of the donor, Betty Stone, "This pewter plate belonged to Joshua and Susan Chamberlain. They, with their family, arrived in Australia as assisted migrants in January 1855. Our Chamberlain family was among those chosen to participate in a Bounty Scheme and on 24 October 1854 embarked on SS Shand to begin their journey. A few years later they set up a home on a small farming property in Wangoom, Warrnambool with the possessions they had brought with them from the village of Thriplow, Cambridgeshire, England. Amongst those household possessions was this plate. During the first half of the nineteenth century, a Bounty scheme was introduced to encourage migrants to Australia to work on properties granted or sold to settlers. Agents in England were engaged to select suitable emigrants; applicants had to be "sober, industrious and of good moral character....and married men over the age of forty-eight were only eligible to receive the bounty if they had five or more children over the age of ten years'. The successful applicant also had to pay one pound sterling for each adult, and ten shillings for each child between the ages of one and fourteen years. This payment covered the cost of a mattress, bolster, blanket, small box, knife and fork, two spoons, metal plate, and drinking mug, all of which became the emigrant's property on arrival in the colony. The pewter plate, handed down from one generation to the next, was always valued by members of the family as an important artefact. The plate has a mark stamped on the back which is almost indecipherable." (Reference- Brown Martyn- Australia Bound! The story of West Country connections 1688- 1888 Bradford on Avon Wiltshire Ex Libris Press 1988 p 112.) (Note: For additional information please refer to Betty Stone’s book “Pioneers and Places - A History of three Warrnambool Pioneering Families” ie. Chamberlain, Dale and Lees Families)This item is associated with the families of Chamberlain, Dale and Lees. These families are listed in the "Pioneers' Register" for Warrnambool Township and Shire, 1835-1900, published by A.I.G.S. Warrnambool Branch. The plate is an example of the goods emigrants brought to Australia under the Bounty Scheme in the 1850s.Pewter plate: metal plate with a wide rim and shallow bowl. The top has a gold-brown colour, underside is grey with a red-brown mark. Made c. 1850. The plate has an Inscription stamped on the back and front.It is part of the 'Chamberlain, Dale and Lees Collection' Maker's Mark on back: 'rectangle with rounded corners / T H all within a circle' almost indecipherable. Mark heavily stamped on front: 'L / T M'flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, chamberlain, dale, lees, stone, betty stone, warrnambool pioneers, pewter plate, emigration, bountey system, dinner ware, joshua chamberlain, susan chamberlain, 1855, emigrant, assisted migrant, ss shand, wangoom, triplow, cambridgeshire

This Sikes brass hydrometer was manufactured by the optical and scientific instrument makers Kasner & Moss of 17 Collins Street West, Melbourne, in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The firm adverted hydrometers, as well as optical instruments, as early as August 13th, 1864, in The Age, Melbourne. This hydrometer set was donated to Flagstaff Hill in 1979 by local wine and spirits merchants Lynch Bros of Fairy Street, Warrnambool. Giffen Russell had established the business in 1878, and Harry Lynch took it over in the 1930s, and after he passed away in 1953 Kevin Matthew Lynch became proprietor of K M Lynch Food and Liquor. The business closed in the 2010s. The hydrometer may date back to the establishment of the business in 1878, as Kasner & Moss were selling hydrometers in Melbourne from 1864. Hydrometers were used to measure the density, or relative density, of liquids from the late 1600s. In 1816 Bartholomew Sikes won the competition for the most useful accurate hydrometer. Hydrometers were commonly used by distillers, vintners, and brewers to establish accurate measures of alcohol concentration in their beverages. Following this manufacturing process, government inspectors and excise officers used them to check that the labelled indications of alcohol-proof were correct and that the right amounts of duty were being paid. This hydrometer and its fitted and hinged wooden container show signs of heavy and protracted use in a working environment. Although the instrument has some parts missing and has been recently repaired, the original quality of the inlaid box and the fine engraving on the instrument and the attachable weights, are indications of the hydrometer’s very real value when new. This Sikes hydrometer, bearing the maker's mark of “Kasner & Moss Melbourne” and the registered number “20373”, was presented to the purchasing public as a precision-made instrument designed for professional use. The Sikes hydrometer is of local significance because of its implied association with the alcohol trade in the southwest region of Victoria. It was donated by a family member of Lynch Bros, a local licensed outlet for wines and spirits in the period before the general relaxation of liquor licensing laws in the State of Victoria. It may have belonged to Griffin Russell who established the liquor store in 1878.Hydrometer; original Sikes brass hydrometer in a polished wooden case with an inlaid plaque on the lid. The brass float is a sphere with a thin flat upper stem and a short, lower stem with a bulb-shaped end. The upper stem is engraved scale on both sides with the numbers 1 to 10, and five divisions between each number. There are ten fixed pegs in the base to secure the thick brass horseshoe-shaped, numbered, various-sized weights (20, 30, 40, 80, 90); the free pegs would have originally stored another five weights (10, 50, 60, 70, and 100). The empty compartment in the box suggests another part in the initial set, probably a thermometer. The fitted, fabric-lined box has two brass closures and two brass hinges. The scientific instrument shows signs of heavy use and repairs. The Serial Number on the float matches the Serial Numbers on the weights. The plaque on the lid, the float and the weights have inscriptions. Made by Kasner & Moss, Melbourne. Plaque: “SIKES HYDROMETER / KASNER & MOSS / MELBOURNE” On float's lower stem: “SIKES 20373” On one thin edge of the float's scale, engraved in script “Kasner & Moss” and stamped “MELBOURNE”, and symbol“P” rotated 90 degrees. On the opposite thin edge of the float: “N20.373”, “SIKES”, “I P % II O” (in ornate capitals). Each weight has s unique number, and the same serial number “20373”.flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, sikes hydrometer, scientific instrument, pressure measurement, measuring instrument, ullage tool, customs, excise duty, tax, alcohol content, proof, calibrate, standard weights and measures, tariff, kasner & moss, scientific instrument makers, specific gravity, liquid density, alcohol testing, technology, alcohol measurement, proof spirit, wine and spirits merchants, local business, brass measuring instrument, k m lynch, giffen russell, harry lynch

Printed at the Theater for the author, MDCCVII . And sold by Mr . Bateman in Pater -Noster-Row, London: and Jeremiah Pepyat bookseller at Dublin. Lhuyd [Lhwyd; formerly Lloyd], Edward (1659/60?-1709), was a naturalist and philologist and the Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. Lhuyd was a pioneering linguist. In the late 17th century, Lhuyd was contacted by a group of scholars, led by John Keigwin of Mousehole, who were trying to preserve and further the Cornish language and he accepted the invitation to travel to Cornwall to study the language. Early Modern Cornish was the subject of a study published by Lhuyd in 1702; it differs from the medieval language in having a considerably simpler structure and grammar. In 1707, having been assisted in his research by fellow Welsh scholar Moses Williams, he published the first volume of Archaeologia Britannica: an Account of the Languages, Histories and Customs of Great Britain, from Travels through Wales, Cornwall, Bas-Bretagne, Ireland and Scotland. This book is an important source for its linguistic description of Cornish, but even more so for its understanding of historical linguistics. Some of the ideas commonly attributed to linguists of the nineteenth century have their roots in this work by Lhuyd, who was "considerably more sophisticated in his methods and perceptions than [Sir William] Jones’’. Lhuyd noted the similarity between the two Celtic language families: Brythonic or P–Celtic (Breton, Cornish and Welsh); and Goidelic or Q–Celtic (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic). He argued that the Brythonic languages originated in Gaul (France), and that the Goidelic languages originated in the Iberian Peninsula. Lhuyd concluded that as the languages had been of Celtic origin, the people who spoke those languages were Celts. From the 18th century, the peoples of Brittany, Cornwall, Ireland, Isle of Man, Scotland and Wales were known increasingly as Celts, and are regarded as the modern Celtic nations today. (Wikipedia)Oversize book. Includes the original languages of England and Ireland, Amoric Grammar, Amoric-English Vocabulary, Welsh words ommitted from Dr Davies' dictionary, Cornish Grammar, Ancient Scottish language, Irish-English Dictionary. Four page index which includes the errata, has the list of subscribers, mainly 3 columns per page. Includes a Cornish Grammar and dictionary of the Irish language, Archaeologia Britannica, Giving Some Account Additional to What Has Been Hitherto Published, of The Languages, Histories and Customs of the Original Inhabitants of Great Britain: From Collections and Observations in Travels Through Wales, Cornwal, Bas-Bretagne, Ireland and Scotland. Chapters on: The comparative Etymology, The comparative Vocabulary, The Armoric Grammar and Vocabulary, Dr Davies's Dictionary, Cornish Grammar, Catalogue of British Manuscripts in Welsh and Latin, Essay towards a British Etymologicon, The Introduction to the Irish, Irish Dictionary etc. language, gaelic, irish, scottish, edward lhuyd, welsh, latin, greek, etymologicon, celtic

The Fashion, Textiles & Design Collection includes a number of examples of household or domestic textiles dating from the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries. Some had a purely functional role while others were essentially decorative. These textiles were mass-produced or handmade, and sometimes including elements of both. Many were constructed of, or include elements of, lacework, tatting, embroidery or crochet. Donated throughout the Society’s history by members or residents of Kew, the provenance of many items is now unknown, however they remain in the Collection to illustrate the social history of the Australian home.White crocheted doily incorporating the motto of the Australian Natives Association and a pictorial representation of an emblem that would become the Commonwealth Coat of Arms.doilies - patriotic, doilies - symbolic, soft furnishings, australian natives association, advance australia

A boudoir cap was popularly worn in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries In its original form, the boudoir cap was worn over undressed hair, It was designed to be worn in the privacy of the boudoir with negligees or nightwear.[andwas often made from lightweightfabrics such as muslin or net and trimmed with silk ribbon and lace. In the 1910s and 1920s, it was used to protect short hairstyles whilst sleeping.This item is an example of a piece of clothing no longer in fashion.Hand crocheted boudoir cap. Light blue thread crochet on top. Fine piece of fabric around centre. Blue and pink border. wire inserted into cap at sides.cap costume-female boudoir-cap handcrafts crochet sleepwear