Showing 3527 items
matching gold mining.
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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - IAN DYETT COLLECTION: AUCTION CATALOGUE - THE GOLDEN DUKE GOLD MINING CO
... GOLD MINING CO... Gold Mining Co (Blackwood) N. L.... of Mining Machinery and Equipment of The Golden Duke Gold Mining Co... - Auction Catalogue - The Golden Duke Gold Mining Co (Blackwood) N ...Auction catalogue with cream cover and black printing of Mining Machinery and Equipment of The Golden Duke Gold Mining Co. (Blackwood) N. L. on 20th October, 1938. Catalogue has columns for £, s & d down the right side of the page. Items include tools, portable steam engine, Stamper Battery, pump, buildings and poppet legs. J H Curnow & Son were the auctioneers.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - the golden duke gold mining co (blackwood) n. l., j h curnow & son -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: DEBORAH REEF GOLD MINING COMPANY HISTORY OF LEASE, June 1911
... GOLD MINING COMPANY HISTORY OF LEASE... Deborah Reef gold mining company.... adjoining. Mentioned in document: sale of Deborah Reef Gold Mining... allotment 49C Deborah Reef gold mining company. 2 copies of document ...2 copies of document, 1original, 1 copy. Information re lease of allotment 49C City of Bendigo and the residence area adjoining. Mentioned in document: sale of Deborah Reef Gold Mining Company's plant and machinery sold by tender to Cameron and Sutherland on the 18th day of May, 1920. Deborah Reef Company's solicitor was the late Mr. F.D. Jones and Miss G. Alice Jones.business, mining, mccoll rankin & stanistreet collection:, mining, allotment 49c, deborah reef gold mining company. -
Federation University Historical Collection
Document, Specifications for Firewood for West Berry Consols Gold Mining Company
... Specifications for Firewood for West Berry Consols Gold... for West Berry Consols Gold Mining Company ... Gold Mining Company Typed foolscap document titled ...In 1905 Richard Squire was manager of the West Berry Consols at Allendale, and developed an improved system of mine ventilation, which was supported in "The Age."[4] He was successful in combating and remedying the gas and ventilation troubles of the Deep Mines of Creswick and Allendale Districts after all had failed.[5]Typed foolscap document titled Specifications for Firewood for West Berry Consols Gold Mining Company richard squire, west berry consols mine, specifications for firewood, supply of firewood -
Clunes Museum
Book, R.H. Bland and the Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining Company: A Thesis by John George Woodland, Latrobe University, Victoria, Australia January 2002
... R.H. Bland and the Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining...Gold mining in Clunes...BOOK Book R.H. Bland and the Port Phillip and Colonial Gold ...red hard coverbland, thesis -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: CENTRAL NAPOLEON GOLD MINING CO. N.L, 3rd November 1943
... GOLD MINING CO. N.L.... gold mining...Document: Letter sent to Central Napoleon Gold Mining Co... mining gold mining grazing application Central Napoleon Daniel ...Document: Letter sent to Central Napoleon Gold Mining Co from McColl Rankin and Stanistreet regarding Mr Daniel Keane's application for a grazing licence over a block of crown land within the boundaries of the Company's Lease No 10260, this letter is enquiring whether or not the company has any objections to granting Mr Keane's application, the area concerned is marked in grey lead pencil on the map attached to the lease numbered 2205.704a.organization, business, industry - mining, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, gold mining, grazing application, central napoleon, daniel keane -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Tool - COMPANY SEAL - DEBORAH UNITED GOLD MINING COMPANY
... COMPANY SEAL - DEBORAH UNITED GOLD MINING COMPANY...Black cast iron company seal for Deborah United Gold Mining... MINES Mining equipment Company seal Bendigo-companies-gold mines ...Black cast iron company seal for Deborah United Gold Mining Company used for official documents including shares, black enamelled cast iron with gold trim, painted on one side Deb United in white paint.gold mines, mining equipment, company seal, bendigo-companies-gold mines- deborah united -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - IAN DYETT COLLECTION: AUCTION CATALOGUE - NEW GLENFINE GOLD MINING CO
... IAN DYETT COLLECTION: AUCTION CATALOGUE - NEW GLENFINE GOLD... Gold Mining Co N L... December 1940 at the New Glenfine Gold Mining Co. N. L. at Pitfield... - Auction Catalogue - New Glenfine Gold Mining Co N L A E Llewellyn ...Blue covered Auction Catalogue for a sale held on 17th December 1940 at the New Glenfine Gold Mining Co. N. L. at Pitfield Plains (Vic.)Front page has a black and white photo of a Ruston Diesel Electric Generating Set - Similar to Lot 129. For sale was Electrical & Steam Mining Machinery, Plant, Buildings & Extensive Equipment. There are descriptions of many lots and where they are situated. J. H. Curnow & Son were the Auctioneers.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - new glenfine gold mining co n l, a e llewellyn, j h curnow & son, j l jamieson, the cambridge press -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Functional object - Gold Mining, prospector's "rocker", c1870
... Gold Mining, prospector's "rocker"...gold mining... the area to try their luck at gold mining and there was a desperate... Mining, prospector's "rocker" Functional object This gold miner's ...Gold was discovered in Victoria c1850 and people came from all over the world to seek their fortune at Ballarat and Bendigo and surrounding gold fields. This large wooden rocking- box or cradle was used by gold prospectors. A handle on the rocker is pushed back and forth, as the miner put gravel into the top part and finer and heavier particles dropped through a screen, helped along by buckets of water. The bottom part of the device had slats, that caught the heavier metals. After many shovel loads of gravel were pushed through the rocker, the miner would then use his gold pan to sort out the heavy minerals to find gold. Most of the pioneer settlers in Moorabbin Shire left the area to try their luck at gold mining and there was a desperate shortage of workers to maintain the market gardens and supply food to the ever increasing population of Melbourne.This gold prospector's 'cradle' is hand made and typical of those used by many hopeful Moorabbin Shire pioneers as they abandoned their market gardens to try their luck at finding gold in the Ballarat and Bendigo minefields c1850This gold miner's rocker is very old, and very well-used. It is a large wooden rocking- box or cradle used by gold prospectors. A handle on the rocker is pushed back and forth, as gravel is put in the top part of the box so that finer and heavier particles drop through a screen.. The bottom part of the device had slats, that caught the heavier metals. i.e gold particles. The water passed through the shute at the base back into the creek or river.moorabbin, brighton, market gardens, pioneers, early settlers, fruit, vegetable, ballarat, bendigo, gold mining, gold prospedtors, gold rush, were j. b., irish immigrants, chinese immigrants, gold panning, gold digger -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Financial record - Kelly and Allsop collection: Hercules Gold Mining Company
... Kelly and Allsop collection: Hercules Gold Mining Company...Hercules Gold Mining Company... Gold Mining Company Mr. Stanfield.... in 1951. Hercules Gold Mining Company Shares Two typewritten ...This Sandhurst gold mine was registered in 1864 although its head office was in Melbourne. The first manager was Edwin Chaplin. It had an initial nominal capital of 11,200 pounds raised through 224 shares of 50 pounds each. It was liquidated and delisted on the stock exchange in 1951.Two typewritten letters, one dated 8th May 1925 and the other 22nd June 1925. Both letters are addressed to Mr. M. Kelly, Beehive chambers, Bendigo. The first one advising that enclosed is a statutory declaration in connection with the scrip certificates for 200 shares that have been lost. The second one advising of two cheques for 25 pounds enclosed as payment of dividends. Both letters are signed by the manager of the Hercules Gold Mining Company Mr. Stanfield.hercules gold mining company, shares -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: CENTRAL NAPOLEON GOLD MINING CO. N.L, July 1940
... NAPOLEON GOLD MINING CO. N.L... gold mining... Limited', 'Central Napoleon Gold Mining Company No Liability'.... mining gold mining Central Napoleon Cheques Documents: 84 Cheques ...Documents: 84 Cheques of the English Scottish & Australian Bank Limited Bendigo Victoria, ranging from No. 038163 to 038249 (Not all from book, no book), all stamped PAID and have various bank stamps, all have signitures on back of recipient, one cheque has 2 Queensland Adhesive duty stamps on back (1 penny each), Markings: 'The English Scottish & Australian Bank Limited', 'Central Napoleon Gold Mining Company No Liability'.organization, business, industrial - mining, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, gold mining, central napoleon, cheques -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Plan of the Squires Mount Mercer Gold Mining Plant
... Plan of the Squires Mount Mercer Gold Mining Plant...gold mining... Plan of the Squires Mount Mercer Gold Mining Plant Large plan ...This plan is associated with former Ballarat School of Mines Student Richard Squire (1875-1876). Gift of the Squire FamilyLarge plan paper on linen, scale of 150 feet to one inch. Handcoloured. mount mercer, squires mine, mining, gold mining, gold, plan -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Madame Bent Gold Mining Company, not dated
... Madame Bent Gold Mining Company...madame bent gold mining company... Plan Madame Bent Gold Mining Company A large plane showing ...A large plane showing a longitudinal section of the mine.madame bent gold mining company, mining -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - black and white, Puddling Machine used in Gold Mining
... Puddling Machine used in Gold Mining...gold mining... Photograph - black and white Puddling Machine used in Gold Mining ...Photograph included in book "Victoria: Gold and Minerals" issued by Mines Department Victoria, 1935Photographvictoria, puddling machine, horse, gold mining, mining -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Kong Extended Gold Mining Company Chimney Plans, not dated
... Kong Extended Gold Mining Company Chimney Plans ...kong extended gold mining company... Kong Extended Gold Mining Company Chimney Plans Two plans ...Two plans for a brick chimney with hand colouring .1) plan for brick chimney .2) plan for interior of chimneykong extended gold mining company, w. watson, plans for chimney, mining, architectural plans -
Marysville & District Historical Society
Document (item) - Gold Mine Prospectus, Messrs Bruce & Robinson, Prospectus-Chester & Locke's Golden Secret Gold Mining Company, 1899
... Prospectus-Chester & Locke's Golden Secret Gold Mining...gold mining... Document Prospectus-Chester & Locke's Golden Secret Gold Mining ...A copy of the prospectus for the Chester & Locke's Golden Secret Mining Company near Marysville in Victoria.A copy of the prospectus for the Chester & Locke's Golden Secret Mining Company near Marysville in Victoria. The Golden Bower gold mine was a quartz reef mine. William Edward Chester discovered the Golden Secret gold vein which became part of the Golden Bower Mine at Chesterville near Donovans Creek on the Cumberland goldfield which he mined with George Locke until the late 1930s. FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATIONshare prospectus, chester & locke's golden secret mining company, marysville, victoria, yarra track, upper yarra district, david newell, j.g. aikman, w.j. mountain, andrew barrie, gold mining, messrs w.p. jones and co., william chester, george locke, chesterville -
Federation University Historical Collection
Document - Folder, Henry J. Armstrong, A Treatise on The Law of Gold Mining and the Procedure and Practice of the Mining Courts, 1891
... A Treatise on The Law of Gold Mining and the Procedure and...gold mining leases... Document A Treatise on The Law of Gold Mining and the Procedure ...This copy wa sused by Dianne Campbell during her research on the legal profession on Victoria's goldfieldsCopy of a book by solicitor Henry J. Armstrongdi campbell goldfields lawyers collection, goldmining law, mining courts, henry j. armstrong, mining claims, miner's right, mining board, marking out, abandonment, gold mining leases, wardens on goldfields -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Ballarat City Gold Mining Company Share Register, 1911
... Ballarat City Gold Mining Company Share Register, 1911...Ballarat City Gold Mining Company... Ballarat City Gold Mining Company Share Register, 1911 Large quarto ...Large quarto leather bound share register.ballarat city gmc, ballarat city gold mining company, harry davies, f. herman, w.c. rowe, t. morgan, f.w. holst, j.m. barker, w.d. mckee, j. brown -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Book, Greg Cameron, The Federal Gold Mining Company 1888-1898, 2005
... The Federal Gold Mining Company 1888-1898...stawell gold mining... grampians Book The Federal Gold Mining Company 1888-1898 stawell ...stawell gold mining -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Bendigo Tramways No. 7 en route to Golden Square passes the Central Deborah Gold Mining Co, High Street (Midland Highway) and Violet Street, Bendigo, January 1972, Jan 1972
... Central Deborah Gold Mining Co, High Street (Midland Highway) and...Bendigo, Bendigo Tramways No. 7, Central Deborah Gold... Square passes the Central Deborah Gold Mining Co, High Street ...Looking east from Midland Highway at intersection of Violet StreetDigital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford FP3 black and white negative transparencybendigo, bendigo tramways no. 7, central deborah gold mining co. n.l., eaglehawk, george coop collection, golden square, high street, midland highway, tram, violet street -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Bendigo Tramways No. 7 en route to Golden Square passes the Central Deborah Gold Mining Co, High Street (Midland Highway) and Violet Street, Bendigo, January 1972, Jan 1972
... Central Deborah Gold Mining Co, High Street (Midland Highway) and...bendigo, bendigo tramways no. 7, central deborah gold... Square passes the Central Deborah Gold Mining Co, High Street ...Looking east from Midland Highway at intersection of Violet StreetDigital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford FP3 black and white negative transparencybendigo, bendigo tramways no. 7, central deborah gold mining co. n.l., eaglehawk, george coop collection, golden square, high street, midland highway, tram, violet street -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Folder, Victorian Goldfields Project: Historic gold mining sites in St Andrews mining division, 1999
... Victorian Goldfields Project: Historic gold mining sites in... bannear, gold mining, harry gilham collection, queenstown, st... melbourne Folder Victorian Goldfields Project: Historic gold mining ...Heritage site report and gazetteer by David Bannear, head consultant for archealogy for the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Includes information on the Warrandyte Goldfield and the Caledonia Goldfield, Queenstown (now known as St Andrews), One Tree Hill, Kingston (now known as Panton Hill), Kangaroo Grounds, You You Hill, Kingstown, South Morang, Nillumbik, (now known as Diamond Creek), Steele's Creek, Yarrambet and Kinglake. Photocopy of map headed: Location of mines and reefs from Geological survey of Victoria, Yan Yean with the Diamond Creek prominant on the map. no date35 page report with map and print out of cover letter (email form) from donorcaledonian gold fields, caledonina gold field, david bannear, gold mining, harry gilham collection, queenstown, st andrews, warrandyte goldfield -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Leigh River Tunnel Gold Mining Co. Syndicate Books
... Leigh River Tunnel Gold Mining Co. Syndicate Books...Leigh River Tunnel Gold Mining Co....Booklet Leigh River Tunnel Gold Mining Co. Syndicate Books ...Richard Squire was a student at the School of Mines Ballarat In 1905 Richard Squire was manager of the West Berry Consols at Allendale, and developed an improved system of mine ventilation, which was supported in "The Age." He was successful in combating and remedying the gas and ventilation troubles of the Deep Mines of Creswick and Allendale Districts after all had failed. MINE MANAGERS’ ASSOCIATION. Ballarat Branch. ... Mr R. B. Squire, manager of the West Berry Consols, at Allendale, submitted a paper detailing what he had done tor the betterment of ventilation in the alluvial mines of Smeaton and Mary borough districts- Members gave Mr Squire every credit for the results that he claimed to have effected; the adoption of his ideas had testified to their value to mine-owners. It was painted out, however, that for want of a thorough debate of the subject with experienced men the author had unwittingly included some general statements that required modifying in some points and extending in others, in justice to other workers among the earlier and the present day managers of mines. It was decided to invite the author to meet a sub-committee on this subject!Oblong booklets with green covers of syndicate share certificates .1 Dark Green cover 1923 all used .2 Light Green cover 1924 four pages used .3 Light Green cover 1924 all used .4 Light Green Cover 1924 all used .5 light Green Cover 1918 - 1919 four pages used .1 Front cover torn but has notes written on it. .2 Leigh River Tunnel G 21st Call written on front .3 Leigh River Tunnel G 22nd Call written on front .4 Leigh River Tunnel G 23rd Call and figures written on front .5 3 shares isued out of this book, Leigh River Share Book No. 16 A 30 written on front richard squire, leigh river tunnel gold mining co., syndicate book, hy peacock -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Agreement Rules & Regulations of the metropolitan Gold Mining Company, Little Bendigo, 1898-1899
... Agreement Rules & Regulations of the metropolitan Gold...metropolitan gold mining company... Gold Mining Company, Little Bendigo Printed book of rules ...A mining compny in Ballarat.Printed book of rules, regulations and shareholders.edward daniel, t. byrne, register-general's office, w.m. acheson, john heinz, metropolitan gold mining company, henry donald mckee, maxwell bruce, henry stone, wiliam cleverdon, h.p. smith, h. poppeus, f.c.k. lewin, share scrip, little bendigo, ballarat, mining -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book - Booklet, History of the Port Phillip Gold Mining Company, 1890
... History of the Port Phillip Gold Mining Company...Port Phillip Gold Mining Company...Booklet Book History of the Port Phillip Gold Mining ...Yellow soft covered bookletport phillip gold mining company, clunes, rivett henry bland -
Federation University Historical Collection
Document, Richard B. Squire, The History of the Mount Mercer Gold Mining Company and Its opening by Richard Squire
... The History of the Mount Mercer Gold Mining Company and Its...mount mercer gold mining company... written pages richard squire mount mercer gold mining company ...Eight hand written pagesrichard squire, mount mercer gold mining company, samuel maddison, thomas graham, madame bent company, sebastopol plateau, g. b. hogg, mining -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - IAN DYETT COLLECTION: AUCTION CATALOGUE - POSEIDON - DIVIDEND GOLD MINING CO
... - DIVIDEND GOLD MINING CO... - Dividend Gold Mining Co N L... Machinery, Plant and Equipment of Dividend Gold Mining Co. N. L... - Auction Catalogue - Poseidon - Dividend Gold Mining Co N L Mr E E ...Auction catalogue with a dark red cover for a sale on 15th February, 1938 on the mine, Poseidon, (via Newbridge), of Mining Machinery, Plant and Equipment of Dividend Gold Mining Co. N. L. By Order of the Liquidator, Mr. E. E. Connolly, Legal Manager. J. H. Curnow & Son were the auctioneers. Catalogue has a column down the right side of the page to write in the price of each lot. Contains a description of some of the machinery. Bolton Bros. Pty. Ltd. were the printers of the catalogue.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - poseidon - dividend gold mining co n l, mr e e connolly, j h curnow & son, bolton bros pty ltd -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: NORTH VIRGINIA GOLD MINING COMPANY NL, MORTAGAGE, 1940
... GOLD MINING COMPANY NL, MORTAGAGE... North Virginia Gold Mining Company NL...McColl Rankin & Stanistreet, North Virginia Gold Mining... Virginia Gold Mining Company NL Mortgage discharge of mortgage ...McColl Rankin & Stanistreet, North Virginia Gold Mining Company NL, Mortgage. a/ 960 pounds agreed to be lent by The Honourable John Hogan Minister of Mines for Victoria. Dated: 8/1/1940. Signed J B ?, A Mackay & Stanistreet, also E J Hogan & ? Brown JP. Marked Time of its production 5/6//1940. b/ the sum of 500 pounds agreed to be lent by the Honourable Edmond John Hogan in his capacity as Minister of Mines for the State of Victoria. Frank G Menzies Crown Solicitor. Initials of ?, ? & ? on page one for alteration. Signatures: J Michelson?, A Mackay & Stanistreet also Jen Brown JP & E J Hogan. Dated 14/7/1941. Time of its production for registration 16/7/1941. c/ Letter from Mines Department to McColl Rankin & Stanistreet Re: Discharge of mortgage documents and satisfaction Pieces. Mortgage Documents No. 792210 & 808852.Lease document No. 10859 Bendigo. Bills of Sale. Signed: Ron? R Neal (secretary). Dated: 26/7/1951. (c is attached to d). d/ Discharge Of Mortgage. The Honourable George Colin Moss in his capacity as Minister of Mines discharged North Virginia Gold Mining Company No LB in the said Mortgage. Dated1951. Signed A E ? & George C Moss, 2 copies. e/ Satisfaction Piece. The Honourable George Colin Moss Minister of Mines Victoria of a Bill of Sale dated 18/1/1940 between North Virginia Gold Mining Company NL. Signed George Colin Moss & A E ? 2 copies.organization, business, gold mine, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, north virginia gold mining company nl, mortgage discharge of mortgage satisfaction piece honourable edmond john hogan in his capacity as minister of mines for the state of victoria. frank g menzies crown solicitor. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - CHRISTMAS REEF GOLD MINING CO. COLLECTION: RULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT
... CHRISTMAS REEF GOLD MINING CO. COLLECTION: RULES FOR THE...christmas reef gold mining... of the Christmas Reef Gold Mining Company, No Liability. (written over... BENDIGO Mining christmas reef gold mining Burrows & Co., Printers ...Booklet, yellow cover, Rules for the management of the Christmas Reef Gold Mining Company, No Liability. (written over Great Western United Co. Specimen Hill, Long Gully Bendigo 1881 - all crossed out) Dated 14 July 1894. Booklet has handwritten text inserted throughout. Signatures at end: J.W. ( unclear ) and W. James. Each had 12,000 shares. Booklet printed by Burrows and Co., Printers, Bull St., Sandhurst. List of principal nuggets found on Bendigo, showing nuggets by weight and location.Burrows & Co., Printers Bookbinders, Stationers & c., Bull Street.bendigo, mining, christmas reef gold mining -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: CENTRAL NAPOLEON GOLD MINING CO. N.L, 1941-1950
... GOLD MINING CO. N.L... gold mining...', 'Central Napoleon Gold Mining Co N.L', 'Pay Roll Tax Assessment... mining gold mining Central Napoleon Document: Pink manilla folder ...Document: Pink manilla folder containing Certificates of Exemption and letter from Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, Return of Wages Paid or payable in respect of the Financial year ending 30 August 1950 (other years also included), invoice to payee, Notice of Appointment of Public Officer (Unused), items dating from 23 July 1941 to 1 September 1950, markings on front cover read 'Pay Roll Tax', 'Central Napoleon Gold Mining Co N.L', 'Pay Roll Tax Assessment File'.organization, business, industry - mining, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, gold mining, central napoleon -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: CENTRAL NAPOLEON GOLD MINING CO. N.L, 23 January 1948
... GOLD MINING CO. N.L... gold mining...Document: 2 page letter from a Central Napoleon Gold Mining... mining gold mining Central Napoleon Document: 2 page letter from ...Document: 2 page letter from a Central Napoleon Gold Mining N.L employee to the Chairman of Directors, letter covers the running and condition of the battery over the past 12 months (the battery had been on lease to New Chum Syncline GM) the restoration and other repairs that were needed, it is also recommended that the wheel be replaced as it is a bad cast, and that it be done while battery is still on lease, envelope also, letter and envelope was found and is within the Central Napoleon N.L Minute book No 2 numbered 2205.712a.organization, business, industry - mining, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, gold mining, central napoleon