Top half life-sized mannequin of a soldier in jungle greens shirt, hat, scarf watch, two pens in pocket. He is holding a movie camera with microphone chord through webbingmannequin, john neervoort, uniform, clothing, movie camera

The Protestant Association of Victoria was established in 1858. It is distinct from the Victorian Protestant Association that was established in 1917 and was active during and after World War I.The card carries the signatures of the founding members of the Association, including John Pascoe Fawkner, who, after settling in Hobson's Bay in October 1835, amassed large land holdings, was a newspaper proprietor and served on the Legislative Council for 18 years. Cream coloured card certifying the membership of James Hinds of 61 Spring Street as Member no. 17 of the Protestant Association of Victoria on 5 March 1958. Printed in dark brown/purple. Handwriting in black ink. Rules printed on the back.James Hinds of 61 Spring Street was elected as Member of the Protestant Association of Victoria on Friday the 5th of March 1958. Dated this 12th day of July 1958. Signatures of John P Fawkner (President), William Hinds (Treasurer), William Robinson (Secretary). No. 17.1858, john pascoe fawkner, 19th century, protestant association of victoria, victoria - history

Used by John Burke at the State Rivers Tatura in the 1960 - 1970's.Compass: black and silver rimmed round container with removable lid. Bottom section has a clear glass with black rim covering the compass pointer and directions. Has 8 gold screws in black rim. Attached to rim is a hinged section with middle section see through. Opposite hinged section is another hinged section with sight on it. On outside rim of container under second hinged piece, is a black metal ring for holding. Bottom of the container has a flanged circle which attaches to a stand. Case: is tan leather with stitching around all edges. Two pieces, one large which holds the compass and the other is joined to bottom piece to form a lid. A leather strap is joined to the large section to hold the lid down and to make a carrying strap. Inside is red felt.compass, john burke, state rivers tatura

Open Monument is a contemporary artwork acknowledging the history of Chinese people in Ballarat. The Chinese diaspora was global and many Chinese people came to Ballarat and the Victorian Goldfields. The work details some of the personal Chinese family memories of Ballarat from the goldrush forward. The 33 marble laser-etched panels include found images and texts mounted on a modernist metal architectural feature holding back a grassed hill landscape. Within the side walkway of gravel and composite stone is an etched of local activities relating to the Chinese community achievements that can be added to by the community.Open Monument is of aesthetic and historical significance to the people of BallaratArchitectural artwork consisting of large marble panels on a corten steel frame imbedded into a grassed mount.Inscription on plaque: Open Monument 無極紀念碑 ​/ Artist: John Young ​/ Officially Launched by Mr Yumin Song / Chinese Consul-General to Victoria​ / 6th September 2015​ / Open Monument unearths stories of the Chinese diaspora in Ballarat, a name which means/ “resting place” to the traditional custodians - the Wadawurrung and Dja Dja Wurrung people.​/ The monument comprises of two artworks: Transculture, a granite-panelled work, evoking stories of alternative worldviews, / modernity, leisure and toil. Whilst Timeline traces the major contributions of the Chinese community in Ballarat, every decade / from the 1850s until the present. The timeline then folds out to 2170, anticipating imaginary future contributions.​ / The monument is open to future interpretations of this history. ​/ I thank you for visiting and acknowledging the contributions and memories that meant so much to / those who have gone before us./ - John Young Zerunge​ / Patron: Mr Henry Thai OAM JP​ / President of Ballarat Chinese ​/ Community Association Inc​ / The following generous donors to this project are acknowledged with gratitude​/ City of Ballarat​ Sovereign Hill Museum Association Inc.​ Ballarat Chinese Community Association Inc.​ Mr Henry Thai OAM JP & Mrs Sandra Thai ​ Mrs Shirley Doon & Family in memory of Harry Doon​ Chinese Masonic Association Inc.​ Mr Mean Te and Mrs Meng Khun​ Mr Jack Nguyen MA JP & Mrs My Tang​ Mr Tony and Mrs Elise Yu​ Mr Chang Zhen Zhen & Family​ Australian Lian Jiang Association​ The Federation of Chinese Associations Vic​ The Leesoon Family​ Mr Stephen K.F Ng OAM JP​ Dr Che Sam Lo MD phD JP OAM​ Elderly Chinese Home Inc.​ The Federation of Chinese Org from VN Cambodian and Lao Association of Vic. Inc.​ Bright Moon Buddhist Society​ Nam Pon Soon Club House​ See-Yup Society​ Mr Peter Chong Wai Lo​ Mr Qing Song Lin​ Mr Binh Quoc Mao & Mrs Thuy Cam Thai​ Mr Alexander Mao​ Mr Yuet Lung Kwok JP​ Mr Tai The Tran​ Mr Phillip K. L. Tran​ Mr William K. L. Tran​ Mr Quang Khon Tran JP​ Mr Kouy Taing​ Mrs Kieng Hor Lou​ Mr Bill Chang Piu Au​ Mr Maurice Kwok Leong ​ Mrs Eunice J. Leong​ Mr Vi Minh Tran JP​ Mr Frank Cheng​ Mr David Cheng​ Mr William Thai​ Mr Lizhen Lin​ Mr Phillip Richard Thai​ Mr Hoan Ping Kow​ Mrs Xao Nhu Kow​ Mr Huy Thai​ Mr Yun Kuen Lo​ Mr Chiu Yip & Mrs Yuan Han Cho​ Mrs Jacqueline Louise Thai Greenwood​ Mr Joe Hap Chi Chao & Mrs Rosana Wei Ning Chao​ Charity & Multi Art Association of Victoria Inc.​ Mr Billy Cai​ Miss Nikki Cai​ Miss Su-Ling & Miss Lily Mays-Doon​ Mr Anthony Doon​ Mr H J Moy & Family​ Chinese Australian Cultural Society Ballarat Inc​ open monument chinese, chinese history ballarat goldfields, china, ballarat, goldfields, john young, chinese, mining, multicultural, immigration, tong way, goon, joss house, embroidery, billy butterfly, chinese market gardens, red lion hotel, ah soon, mayor of main road, chinese herbalist, yee lee, james hong, cheok cheong hong, john ah loo, wathawurrung, robe, lowe kong meng, louis ah mouy, tongway, gallipoli, william lung

Black and white image of Pilot Officer Wilkinson 400444 who was seconded from the RAAF to the RAF flying missions over Germany. His gallantry earned him the Distinguished Flying Cross in March 1944 for numerous successful missions over Germany. He was Killed in Action on 30th of August 1944.Brown and black marbled plastic frame containing black and white photograph of an Airman in flying suit, flying goggles on head and long gloves holding two round discs.Handwritten on rear - Flt Lieu John Wilkinson j h wilkinson, raaf, dfc, ww2

Each MOK Court was required to display this image and their Charter at their meetings. The original painting by John Pettie depicts a squire holding a vigil of prayer during the night before his knighting ceremony. This was a custom during the Middle Ages. The Methodist Order of Knights was the official youth organisation of the Methodist Church of Australasia. It originated in Hurstville, NSW, on the 4th October 1914 by the then Mr and later Rev Alex Bray. Alex Bray was a Sunday School teacher and spoke to his class of the Knights of the Round Table. In 1917 the Order of Knights was officially recognised by the Sunday School Dept of the NSW Methodist Conference. Courts spread thoroughout Australia. In 1927 the High Court of NSW called for designs for a badge and in 1929 the General Conference of the Methodist Church of Australasia recognised the Order as an approved Organisation. In 1938 the Senior Section was organised into Degrees of Sincerity, Service and Sacrifice; the Junior Section into Pages' Degree with advancement to Esquire. In 1954 the Junior Section was reorganised into two groups: Pages 8 to 11 years and Esquires 12 to 15 years. The Knight's Motto: "Live Pure, Speak True, Right Wrong, Follow Christ the King, else wherefore born?" Courts of the Order: General Conference Department of the Christian Education - General Court - Provincial High Court - District Court - Local Court - Senior Court - Intermediate Court - Junior Court . Regalia: All members of the Intermediate and Senior Courts wore regalia consisting of a cloth shield superimposed by a cross of light and dark blue ribbons, and supported by a cloth collar. Esquire and Degree of Sincerity regalia: White collar and white shield. Degree of Service regalia: Green collar and shield. Degree of Sacrifice: Scarlet collar and shield. District Court regalia: Blue collar and gold shield. High Court regalia: Gold collar and purple sheild. General Court regalia: Purple collar and shield. Officers of the local courts wore their symbols as part of their regalia. E3112.15.1 and E3112.15.2: Black and white modified image of the painting "A Knight's Vigil" by John Pettie, R.A. 1839-1893.THE VIGILmethodist order of knights

Discusses and approves of the initiative of Australian architecture students shown by their holding their own architectural convention. The convention tackled the issues of the 'House of Tomorrow' and the types of technology that that can be manipulated and used for better design. Students also invited international guests to comment and judge the exhibition.Original manuscript published as ‘Young architects show their nerve’ in 'The Australian' on 19.06.1965. Typewritten (c copy), quarto, 4 pageseric lyons, tom marshall, john blanshard, patwant singh, robin boyd, manuscript

Former Congregational minister. Born Ballarat 7/9/1887, died Ascot Vale 18/2/1962. Attended Congregational College Victoria 1916–1919. Ordained Glenhuntly 11/12/1919. Ministry exercised in Busselton WA 1914-1916; Koonung/East Kew 1916-1919; Glenhuntly 1919-22; Elsternwick 1923-25; Forest Street Bendigo 1926-30; Northcote 1931-33; Luhrs Road, Payneham/Medindie S.A. 1934-37; Houghton/Paracombe S.A. 1938-42; Seddon/Yarraville 1943-46; Director, Congregational Young People's Department 1946-51; Hughesdale 1951-57; Maryborough 1958-1960. President Congregational Union of Victoria 1950-51. Married Annie Williams, father of Rev. John Reeves.Reeves is shown as an elderly man holding hands with two little girls. He is dressed in a suit with waistcoat. They are standing near the fence of a public garden."Rev. Duncan E. Reeves"reeves, duncan e., congregational church

Robert Causton Foyster M.A. B.D. b. 1882 Echuca; 1907 ordained Wycheproof; 1911 Broadford; 1916 Hamilton, chaplain RAAF; 1932 Perth West WA; 1934 Beulah-Hopetoun; 1937 demitted. Editor Hamilton "Spectator"; 1941 Creasy; 1945 Burnley; 1954 demitted; 1970 died June 11. Father of Rev. John C. Foyster.Seated portrait of Foyster as a young man dressed in academic gown and mortar board holding a certificate.""Yours very sincerely, Bert Foyster" Pencil information about Foyster has been partially obliterated by removal of tape."foyster, robert causton

James Bulloch Galloway - b. 1872 Govan, Scotland; 1889 ordained Townsville Qld; 1900 Charters Towers Qld; 1907 South Melbourne Dorcas Street (colleague with John Meiklejohn); 1913 Brisbane South (Park Church). John Meiklejohn MA BD b. 1841 Glasgow; University of Glasgow; Theological Hall of U.P. Church; 1872 ordained Glasgow City Mission; 1874 Kirkmairhill, UP. Lanarkshire; 1868 South Melbourne Dorcas Street Vic; 1901 First Moderator General Assembly of Australia; First Principal Emmanuel College, Brisbane; 1915 died 28 September.Galloway and Meiklejohn are seated adjacent to each other, facing the camera, dressed in clerical clothing. Meiklejohn is holding a sheaf of papers, and there is a small table at the rear between them."Rev. James Galloway and Rev. John Meiklejohn"meiklejohn, john, galloway, james

Oamaru NZ origin 1923 Essendon (St. John's) from July 1929 admittedSepia studio portrait of Rev S F Hunter mounted on brown card. The Rev Hunter is posed sitting holding a piece of paper with his arm resting on a table. He is dressed in his clerical clothing. The mount has been cut on the left hand side. Handwritten on the back: "Rev. S. F. Hunter MA. D." "July 1923 - 1929" "c/o Mrs S. F. Hunter Brighton St Highgate Hill Sth Brisbane"presbyterian ministers, rev s f hunter, st john's presbyterian church essendon

A black and white photograph of twelve men, one horse and three greyhounds in a white wooden frame with glass, at a meeting of the Plumpton Greyhound Races. George Evans (Micko) is standing on the left of the horse's nose; Frank Evans is holding the horse and Bill Aitken is in the light coloured cardigan and bow tie.sports and recreations, greyhound racing, dogs, whelan, kevin, evans, george, aitken, william, kelly, john, frank, plumpton road, diggers rest, plumpton greyhound races, george evans collection

Photo copied from original in collection Sunbury & District Heritage AssociationB&W photo of a bluestone bulding, the Ball Court Hotel, Macedon Street, Sunbury with a male and three females, one holding baby, and a dog, standing in front of building. Unmountedhotels, cahill, john, cahill family, ford, justin, lupson, frederick, ball court hotel, george evans collection

Note by T.H. Kneen 4 March 1992, "Students (facing camera) identified as Robert Allen (Left) and Bill Cox (Right)" and on 8 July 1992, "Probably 1961."Black and white photographs. (1) 4 copies, 1 an enlargement. 7 male students standing and seated with 2 Staff members in the Burnley Gardens, one student holding Premiers flag. See B96.618, Flag. (2) 2 copies, one a very similar enlargement, 3 students playing basketball in Burnley College grounds.On reverse, "Photograph by Information Branch Victorian Department Of Agriculture Ref. No. 1974(99-19) to (99-21)." On reverse of enlargement, "Burnley Horticultural College Basketball-1974 Won 'D Grade' Premiership. Back L-r Ken James, Colin Nish, Peter Boyle, John Sorrel, Niel(sic) Jones, Jack Farrance. Front L-r Brian Simpson, Peter Leneghan, Paul Scannel." sports, premiers flag, burnley horticultural college, basketball, 1974, d grade, premiership, ken james, colin nish, peter boyle, john sorrel, niel jones, jack farrance, brian simpson, peter leneghan, paul scannel, students, robert allen, bill cox, green grows our garden, a. p. winzenried

This dress belonged to Ethel Nina Blundell (1876-1949), having been first made for her mother Jane Blundell (nee Burkitt, 1845-1878). Born in Dublin, Jane married James John Blundell Jr at the Black Street Congregational Church in Brighton on 16 March 1874. The Blundells were a socially prominent Brighton family who played an important role in the development of the area. James' father, publisher and bookseller James John Blundell Sr, served as a Brighton Borough Councillor between 1862 and 1867 when the local government was still in its formative years, including holding the position of Mayor in 1864. He was involved in the foundation of the Brighton Volunteer Rifle Corps and was also a strong supporter of the Brighton Ladies Benevolent Society. The Blundell family were active members of the Brighton Congregational Church and supported the construction of the Black Street church, where James Jr served as a deacon for sixty years, in addition to his work in the Crown Land and Survey Department. The dress is believed to have been made for Jane in 1875 or 1876 during her early pregnancy, likely by a local dressmaker. Jane died in 1878 when Ethel was very young, and Ethel was then raised by her father and paternal grandmother. As she never married, Ethel remained living in the family home of 'Eumana', 164 Church Street, and as an adult she assumed the role of hostess whenever she or her father had guests. On these occasions, she reportedly wore her mother's dress. The family home was sold on James Jr’s death in 1924 and Ethel was living at 52 Black Street Brighton when she died in 1949. In the 1930s, Ethel gifted the dress to a close family friend, Dr Jean Kelly. She told Jean that the garment held precious memories, perhaps due to the connection it provided to the mother she had never known. Jean donated the dress to the Merimbula Old School Museum in NSW in 1987, where it was on display for many years. The Museum donated the dress to Brighton Historical Society in 2023.This is a good example of a late nineteenth century day dress, made from two different patterns of russet brown silk brocade and featuring a lobster tail style bustle. The lack of boning combined with waist and hip measurements indicates it may have been made as a maternity dress. It is lined with beige leaf pattern cotton fabric. The princess line fitted bodice of herringbone pattern brocade has a high round neck with small 'mandarin' style collar and buttons down the front to below the waist where it forms an overskirt which is bordered with a band of coffee bean patterned brocade. The overskirt drops down to hem length at the back but from the centre front it is draped up to the back to a point below the waist level. Here it is sewn to the edge of the lobster tail style bustle which is also bordered by the coffee bean fabric. There is a concealed pocket with the opening under the right edge of the bustle. The buttons on the front of the dress have a decorative circlet of small blue flowers around a russet silk covered dome. The long sleeves are set in and slightly full with a contrasting three pleat band of coffee bean fabric with an ornamental turn back from the pleats sewn just above the wrist. The skirt section of the dress is in four 20 cm bands of alternate fabric patterns with the top and third band of coffee bean pattern slightly gathered and the second and fourth bands of herringbone forming pleated ruffles.1870s, ethel nina blundell, jane blundell, jane burkitt, eumana

Doyle Family Group photographs plus others. Think a mistake in photograph of soldier in WW1 uniform (photo 2) as more likely Peter Pagan Doyle as John born 1909. Photo 1. Portrait of "John Galbraith Doyle born Stawell 1909, only child of Marion (Galbraith) and John Pagan Doyle". Photo 2. of soldier & portrait photo. "John Galbraith Doyle born Stawell 1909 only child of Marion (Galbraith) and John Pagan Doyle". Photo 3. of wedding group "Origin unknown. At the right is Marion Galbraith, b1881 in Stawell, dau. of Peter Galbraith. The man to her right is thought to be John Pagan Doyle". Photo 4. of house. "Home of Peter Galbraith and family, possibly Patrick Street Stawell. with family members arrayed" Photo 5. family group "Galbraith family at Stawell. Mr. Peter Galbraith, his wife Margaret (Cameron), and 4 children -L-R Norman, Marion, Afton and (in front) Harold. Photo 6. of 8 men. "Source unknown, but possible connected with Stawell of Mines or may be part of Peter Galbraith's assay business. People second from left, back row and second from left, front row appears to be sons of Peter Galbraith". Photo 7. "Marion (Galbraith) Doyle and John Galbraith Doyle (b. Stawell 1909)". Marion only daughter of Peter & Margaret Galbraith nee Cameron born Stawell 1881. Marion married John Pagan Doyle who was Science Director of School of Mines, Stawell 1909. Eight black and white photographs of Galbraith Doyle and Pagan Doyle Family. Two photographs of a soldier in WW1 uniform. (Think a mistake as possible Peter Pagan Doyle). Third photo is of a group of 13 people at a wedding. Fourth photo of a weather board house with a veranda and garden and people on veranda and in garden. Fifth photo Family group. Sixth photo 8 men holding equipment associated with mining but formally dressed. Eight photo of a woman and child holding a cat. Note a mistake on 2 photos, the captions state John Galbraith Doyle was born 1909 at Stawell but he is shown in a WW1 uniform which cannot be him. The soldier must be his father John Pagan Doyle who enlisted 1915 at Stawell. Photo 1. of "John Galbraith Doyle born Stawell 1909, only child of Marion (Galbraith) and John Pagan Doyle". Photo 2. of soldier & portrait photo. "John Galbraith Doyle born Stawell 1909 only child of Marion (Galbraith) and John Pagan Doyle". Photo 3. of wedding group "Origin unknown. At the right is Marion Galbraith, b1881 in Stawell, dau. of Peter Galbraith. The man to her right is thought to be John Pagan Doyle". Photo 4. of house. "Home of Peter Galbraith and family, possibly Patrick Street Stawell. with family members arrayed" Photo 5. family group "Galbraith family at Stawell. Mr. Peter Galbraith, his wife Margaret (Cameron), and 4 children -L-R Norman, Marion, Afton and (in front) Harold. Photo 6. of 8 men. "Source unknown, but possible connected with Stawell of Mines or may be part of Peter Galbraith's assay business. People second from left, back row and second from left, front row appears to be sons of Peter Galbraith". Photo 7. "Marion (Galbraith) Doyle and John Galbraith Doyle (b. Stawell 1909)".stawell

John Cain (26 April 1931-December 2019), Australian Labor Party politician and 41st Premier of Victoria, holding office from 1982 to 1990. During his time as Premier, changes were enforced to the practices of various institutions in Melbourne which discriminated against women, while other reforms were introduced such as libearlized shop trading hours and liquor laws, equal opportunity initiatives, and occupational health and safety legislation.Statue of John Cain Junior by Peter Corlett.john cain, john cain junior, treasury gardens

This handle is believed to be from the first safe used by the Shire of Bulla. It was given to Mr. Kevin Smith by the Shire Secretary Mr. Tom McCormack.A heavy round base handle with a hand coming from the centre holding a rod that forms the handle.:Cozens & Harveys..."shire of bulla, smith, john, kevin, george evans collection

The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of a number of men sitting around a table. They are members of the Land League Committee during a meeting in Dublin.ballarat irish, land league, land league committee, dublin

Parnell was an Irish nationalist and statesman who led the fight for Irish Home Rule in the 1880s. Charles Stewart Parnell was born on 27 June 1846 in County Wicklow into a family of Anglo-Irish Protestant landowners. He studied at Cambridge University and was elected to parliament in 1875 as a member of the Home Rule League (later re-named by Parnell the Irish Parliamentary Party). His abilities soon became evident. In 1878, Parnell became an active opponent of the Irish land laws, believing their reform should be the first step on the road to Home Rule. In 1879, Parnell was elected president of the newly founded National Land League and the following year he visited the United States to gain both funds and support for land reform. In the 1880 election, he supported the Liberal leader William Gladstone, but when Gladstone's Land Act of 1881 fell short of expectations, he joined the opposition. By now he had become the accepted leader of the Irish nationalist movement. Parnell now encouraged boycott as a means of influencing landlords and land agents, and as a result he was sent to jail and the Land League was suppressed. From Kilmainham prison he called on Irish peasants to stop paying rent. In March 1882, he negotiated an agreement with Gladstone - the Kilmainham Treaty - in which he urged his followers to avoid violence. But this peaceful policy was severely challenged by the murder in May 1882 of two senior British officials in Phoenix Park in Dublin by members of an Irish terrorist group. Parnell condemned the murders. In 1886, Parnell joined with the Liberals to defeat Lord Salisbury's Conservative government. Gladstone became prime minister and introduced the first Irish Home Rule Bill. Parnell believed it was flawed but said he was prepared to vote for it. The Bill split the Liberal Party and was defeated in the House of Commons. Gladstone's government fell soon afterwards.(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of bearded man known as Charles Stewart Parnellballarat irish, parnell, charles parnell, home rule

Protection of Person and Property Act 1881 The ''Protection of Person and Property Act 1881'' was one of more than 100 Coercion Acts passed by the Parliament of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland between 1801 and 1922, in an attempt to establish law and order in Ireland. The 1881 Act was passed by parliament and introduced by Gladstone. It allowed for persons to be imprisoned without trial. On 13 October 1881, the Act was used to arrest Charles Parnell after his newspaper, the ''United Ireland'', had attacked the Land Act. On Gladstone's return to office in 1880, William Edward Forster was made Chief Secretary for Ireland. He carried the Compensation for Disturbance Bill through the Commons, only to see it thrown out in the Lords. On 24 January 1881, he introduced a new Coercion Bill in the House of Commons, to deal with the growth of the Irish National Land League. Despite a 41-hour long fillibuster in the House by the Irish Parliamentary Party, the bill passed, among its provisions being one enabling the British government in Ireland to arrest without trial persons "reasonably suspected" of crime and conspiracy. However those arrested were often not always suspect, only supportive of the Irish National Land League's movements. Over 100 such acts were passed, some of the more notable of which were "An Act for the more effectual Suppression of Local Disturbances and Dangerous Associations in Ireland", "The Protection of Life and Property in Certain Parts of Ireland Act", and the "Protection of Person and Property Act 1881". An Irish Coercion Bill was proposed by Sir Robert Peel to calm the increasing difficult situation in Ireland as a result of the Great Famine 1844–47. The Bill was blocked and this led, in part, to Peel's retirement as Prime Minister. Later attempts to introduce Irish coercion acts were blocked by the filibustering of Joseph Biggar. As a response to the Plan of Campaign of the mid-1880s the new Chief Secretary for Ireland Arthur Balfour secured a tough Perpetual Crimes Act (1887) (or Coercion Act) aimed at the prevention of boycotting, intimidation, unlawful assembly and the organisation of conspiracies against the payment of agreed rents. The Act resulted in the imprisonment of hundreds of people including over twenty MPs. The so-called ''Crimes Act'' (or "Coercion" Act) was condemned by the Catholic hierarchy since it was to become a permanent part of the law and did not have to be renewed annually by parliament, but the Papacy issued the bull Link: "Saepe Nos" in 1888 which was uncritical of the Acts. Trial by jury was abolished. An influential analysis of the pros and cons of the Act was published in 1888 by W. H. Hurlbert, a Catholic Irish-American author. Many hundreds were imprisoned at times under the Acts, including many prominent politicians and agrarian agitators, Joseph Biggar, Alexander Blane, Michael Davitt, John Dillon, James Gilhooly, Patrick Guiney, Matthew Harris, John Hayden, J. E. Kenny, Andrew Kettle, Denis Kilbride, Pat O'Brien, William O'Brien, James O'Kelly, Charles Stewart Parnell, Douglas Pyne, Willie Redmond, Timothy Sullivan. [http://shelf3d.com/i/Irish%20Coercion%20Act, accessed 13/12/2013]A many sits on a table holding the lapels of his Jacket. ballarat irish, cabin, rent, tenants, quill, biggar, davitt

John Lundy-Clarke grew up in the Kalorama/Mt Dandenong area and later in life (1972-74) began to write a comprehensive history of the area working from an original settlement map in an effort to cover all areas. John Lundy-Clarke has identified the photograph as being of Clint Rowse and Staff at Olinda Creek Valley in 1939. The workmen are: Back row from right: Bob Daly, Dud Page, Harry Dyson, Bill Cavell, Len Child, Ken Williams. Front row from right: Clint Rowse, Jack Clarke, Bernie Page, Jack Johnson (with dog). The Rowse family had extensive raspberry crops but later changed to flowers. Daisy Rowse married Hubert Jeeves. Black and white photograph showing a group of 10 workmen, one holding a dog.The names Lenny Child, Dyson, Page, Bob Daly, Jackie Johnston, J Clarke, Clint Rowse are handwritten on the back by John Lundy-Clarkelen child, bob daly, clint rowse, jack johnston, bill cavell, ken williams, jack clarke, dud page, bernie page

John Lundy-Clarke grew up in the Kalorama/Mt Dandenong area and later in life (1972-74) began to write a comprehensive history of the district working from an original settlement map in an effort to cover all areas. Edward Joseph Price took out Lot 1, Section 1 of the Village Settlement and became the first settler, moving his family up into a slab hut on his selection in 1896. Edward Joseph had two sons (Charles Joseph and Edward John) and a daughter (Kathleen Nathalie Caroline). Edward Joseph Price is holding his grandson Teddie, son of Edward John Price. Photo taken 1936.Black and white photograph in close up showing an old man with a white beard wearing a brimmed hat holding a male toddler under the arms. Reverse of photograph has handwritten description by John Lundy-Clarke.Edward Joseph Price and his grandson Teddie son of Edward John. E. Joseph was the first settler in the Village Settlement choosing LOT 1, part of which is still family property (1974). He worked for the surveyors who were marking out the blocks, and disregarded their advice as to which had the best soil, and so doing he obtained the best commercially. He died in 1943 leaving two sons & daughter. Edward John born 1899 died 1974. Charles born 1892 died 1958. Kathleen born 1895 died 1954. Wife Annie nee Ross died 1932.edward joseph price, edward john price, teddie price

John Lundy-Clarke grew up in the Kalorama/Mt Dandenong area and later in life (1972-74) began to write a comprehensive history of the district working from an original settlement map in an effort to cover all areas. Edward John Price (Ted)(1899-1974) was the third child of Edward Joseph and Annie Price. He lived a very industrious life in the area. When the new CRB road cut through the family land Edward John established a Corn and Produce store on a level area adjoining the new road . Along with his brother Charlie, Ted took up road contracting and formed Grange Road in 1923. They also took up contracts to metal the CRB road between The Gap and Olinda. Edward John married Myra Wilson in 1930. They lived in the first brick home built in the district. They had two sons, Edward Joseph 2nd and Alan.Black and white photograph showing an old man dressed in a jacket holding the reins of a horse. Reverse of photograph has handwritten description by John Lundy-Clarke.Edward John Price 1973. Son of Edward Joseph & Annie Ada nee Ross. Born 1899 died 1974. Farmer, Carrier, Sawmiller, Contractor, Quarry Owner, Shop Proprietor (Kew Junction 1935). Father of Alan & Edward J.edward john price, myra wilson, edward joseph price, annie price, alan price, charles price, grange road, crb road