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Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Book, Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1860. 1 January - 30 June, 1860
Dark blue marbled cloth cover over hard cardboard. Red leather spine and corners. Gold lettering on black band on spine. Gold crown and lettering on spine.local courts, local government, government administration, gazette, victorian government -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Book - Book - Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1858, John Ferres, Government Printer, Melbourne, Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1858. 1 January - 30 June, 1858
Dark blue marbled cloth over hard cardboard. Red leather spine and corners. Gold lettering on black band on spine. Gold crown and lettering on spine. -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Book - Book - Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1857, John Ferres, Government Printer, Melbourne, Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1857. 1 January - 30 June, 1857
Dark green marbled cloth over hard cardboard. Red leather spine and corners. Gold lettering on black band on spine. Gold crown and lettering on spine. -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Obituary, Knox Historical Society Inc, Extract (Copy) from the Knox Historian June 1998 No. 3, containing an obituary for Ronald (Eric) Nickels, a Heathmont resident, 1998
Copy of obituary for Ron Nickels, son of Eric and Dorrie (Lillian) who grew up in Heathmont with his brothers. They were a much loved and respected family. Sent to the Ringwood and District Historical by Win Jones.Extract (Copy) from the Knox Historian June 1998 No. 3, containing an obituary for Ronald (Eric) Nickels, a Heathmont resident. +Additional Keywords: Nickels, Ronald Eric; Jones, Win -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Booklet, Holy Trinity Church, The Parish Church of Holy Trinity, Kew Centenary Celebrations: The Order of the Commemorative Service on the completion of one hundred years of worship,Trinity Sunday, 9th June, 1963, 11 a.m, 1963
This work forms part of the collection assembled by the historian Dorothy Rogers, that was donated to the Kew Historical Society by her son John Rogers in 2015. The manuscripts, photographs, maps, and documents were sourced by her from both family and local collections or produced as references for her print publications. Many were directly used by Rogers in writing ‘Lovely Old Homes of Kew’ (1961) and 'A History of Kew' (1973), or the numerous articles on local history that she produced for suburban newspapers. Most of the photographs in the collection include detailed annotations in her hand. The Rogers Collection provides a comprehensive insight into the working habits of a historian in the 1960s and 1970s. Together it forms the largest privately-donated collection within the archives of the Kew Historical Society.The Order of the Commemorative Service on the completion of one hundred years of worship. A booklet produced for the Commemorative Service held at Holy Trinity Church to commemorate its centenary on 9 June 1963holy trinity church (kew), churches -- kew (vic.) -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Book, Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1867. 1 January - 30 June, 1867
Dark green marbled cloth over hard cardboard. Red leather spine and corners. Gold lettering on black band on spine. Gold crown and lettering on spine.local courts, local government, government administration, gazette, victorian government -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Book - Book - Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1866, John Ferres, Government Printer, Melbourne, Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1866. 1 January - 30 June, 1866
Dark blue marbled cloth over hard cardboard. Red leather spine and corners. Gold lettering on black band on spine. Gold crown and lettering on spine. -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Book - Book - Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1864, Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1864. 1 January - 30 June, n.d
Dark blue marbled cloth cover over hard cardboard. Red leather (faded) spine and corners. Gold lettering on black band on spine. Gold crown and lettering on spine. -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Book - Book - Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1862, John Ferres, Government Printer, Melbourne, Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1862. 1 January - 30 June, n.d
Dark green marbled fabric over hard cardboard. Red leather corners and spine. Gold lettering on black band on spine. Gold crown and lettering on spine. -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Minute Book, A Pencraft Production, Minute book of the Ringwood Business and Professional Women's Club (B&NPW). General Minutes June 1960 - July 1968, 1960-1968
Minute book of the Ringwood Business and Professional Women's Club (B&NPW). General Minutes June 1960 - July 1968. Fawn covers and red cotton spine. Mended with sticky tape.Pencraft Minute Book.; Ringwood Business and Professional Women's Club -
NMIT (Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE)
Photograph: Collingwood Technical School display 1961, Photographs of Collingwood Technical School display during Commonwealth Technical Training Week 29 May – 4 June 1961
Three photographs of Collingwood Technical School display during Commonwealth Technical Training Week 29 May – 4 June 1961. One in Foys store, one in Coles, one in Rendle's.On back of photographs 'ALLAN STUDIOS / COMMERCIAL DIVISION / 320 SMITH ST., COLLINGWOOD / VICTORIA / PHONE: JA 5316-7 / When Ordering further Prints, please quote ...'collingwood technical school, presentations, displays, nmit, -
National Wool Museum
Folder, Rules of the Australian Woolgrowers' Council, June 1929
"Rules of the Australian Woolgrowers' Council, June 1929". Confirmed at the 42nd Convention of the Graziers' Federal Council of Australia, Melbourne, June 1929.agricultural societies wool growing wool sales wool marketing, australian woolgrowers' council graziers' federal council of australia, agricultural societies, wool growing, wool sales, wool marketing -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Oak Trees and Eltham Rugby Football Club oval, Diamond Creek Trail, 21 June 2017, 21 June 2017
A walk around Little Eltham, 21 June 2017. Eltham’s first industrial area at the end of present day Pitt Street near the Diamond Creek. Just upstream a bit, near these oak trees was the flour mill. The most significant owner of that was Henry Dendy. Better known for founding Brighton but he lived in Eltham longer than he lived in Brighton, during the 1860s. There was also the brewery and slightly downsteam from here was the tannery. The brewery needed fresh clean water so it was upstream from the tannery. The Oak trees were most likely planted during Henry Dendy's time. (Source: Local historian commentary, Eltham Hidden Creek heritage excursion 7 March 2020) Born Digitaleltham community centre, diamond creek trail, eltham rugby football club, oak trees, henry dendy -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Book - Book - Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1861, Victorian Government Gazette 1, 1861. 1 January - 30 June, 1861
Dark blue marbled cloth cover over hard cardboard. Red leather spine and corners. Gold lettering on black band on spine. Gold crown and lettering on spine. -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document - Memorandum, Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "3DB and 3XY Radio Charity Carnival at Olympic Park - Sunday 9th June 1946", 3/06/1946 12:00:00 AM
"3DB and 3XY Radio Charity Carnival at Olympic Park - Sunday 9th June 1946" Memo from JM Harry, Dist Traffic Supt SS to Mr Fischer, Hawthorn, regarding tram arrangements.Notations written in pencil on memo. Typed 3AW overwritten with XY. "Food for Britain Appeal, Sun 9/6/46" written in red penciltrams, tramways, events, carnivals -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Photograph, Invitation for the Mayoral Ball on 10th June 1955 at Ringwood Town Hall from the Mayor RC Horman and Mayoress Gwen of the Borough of Ringwood
Invitation for the Mayoral Ball on 10th June 1955 at Ringwood Town Hall from the Mayor RC Horman and Mayoress Gwen of the Borough of Ringwood. All material is from Gwen Horman’s three albums that she owned. -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Photograph, Gibbons, Denis, Capt June Minchow
Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph of Sister Captain June Minchow, at 1st Australian Field Hospital, Vung Tau, South Vietnam. She leaves the complex after checking stores and equipment required in the operating theatre at the hospital.photograph, 1st australian field hospital, vung tau, capt june minchow, theatre sister, gibbons collection catalogue, denis gibbons, photographer, vietnam war, nurses -
Inverloch Historical Society
004331 - Photographs - 2nd June 2017 - Inverloch Historical Society Exhibition Opening - Community Hub
51 Digital photographs taken at the opening of the Inverloch Historical Society Exhibition in June 2017. The opening was at 2pm on Saturday 2nd of June 2017. Location: Inverloch Community Hub. Speakers: Introduction & conclusion: Graham Paterson (Secretary) Master of Ceremonies: Pamela Rothfield (Bass Coast Shire Council Mayor) Speaker: Eulalie Brewster (Patron) Speaker: John Hutchinson (President) Exhibition launch by: Brian Paynter (Member of Victorian Parliament - Member for Bass) Also in attendance Jullian Brown (Bass Coast Shire Councillor for Bunurong Ward) -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Colour, Jarrod Watt, A thousand protestors surround Hong Kong's main police headquarters on Arsenal Street in Wan Chai on June 26th 2019, 21/06/2019
Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s chief executive, had plenty of political support in the territory’s pro-Beijing legislature to pass a bill that would allow extraditions to mainland China. The legislators were set to begin discussing the bill in early June, and intended to vote on it just weeks later. A series of protests took place, and after a June 16 protest saw the largest turnout yet, Ms. Lam made a major concession: She postponed the bill, at least temporarily. It was an undeniable victory for the protesters — but it did little to quell the unrest. Since the bill could later be reintroduced, protesters felt they remained in danger. The police tactics to break up the demonstrations on June 12, including the use of more than 150 tear gas canisters to push protesters far away from the government office, created a new set of demands from the protesters. Now, instead of just calling for the withdrawal of the bill and Ms. Lam’s resignation, they said they wouldn’t be content unless there was an independent investigation of officers’ conduct. They also wanted the release of protesters arrested on June 12, and for the government to rescind its description of the demonstrations as a “riot,” a designation that carries legal significance. None of that has happened. Many analysts say Ms. Lam is unlikely to step down, nor would Beijing accept her resignation if she offered it. She has more wiggle room on the other demands, but has not indicated any willingness to budge. The Hong Kong Protests are a leaderless, digital movement.There is no single leader or group deciding on or steering the strategy, tactics and goals of the movement. Instead, protesters have used forums and messaging apps to decide next steps. Anyone can suggest a course of action, and others then vote on whether they support it. The most popular ideas rise to the top, and then people rally to make them happen. At its best, this structure has empowered many people to participate and have their voices heard. Protesters say it keeps them all safe by not allowing the government to target specific leaders. Their success in halting the extradition bill, which was shelved by the territory’s chief executive, speaks to the movement’s power. Despite the lack of a clear leader, protesters have shown extensive coordination at the demonstrations, having planned the specifics online beforehand. Supply stations are set up to distribute water, snacks, gloves, umbrellas and shields made of cardboard. Volunteer first aid workers wear brightly colored vests. People form assembly lines to pass supplies across long distances, with protesters communicating what they need through a series of predetermined hand signals. Anyone walking in dangerous areas without a helmet or a mask is quickly offered one. No individual can speak on behalf of the protesters, which makes negotiations difficult, if not impossible. (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. The government claims the push to change the law, which would also apply to Taiwan and Macau, stems from the killing last year of a Hong Kong woman while she was in Taiwan with her boyfriend. Authorities in Taiwan suspect the woman’s boyfriend, who remains in Hong Kong, but cannot try him because no extradition agreement is in place. Under the amended law, those accused of offences punishable by seven years or more in prison could be extradited. The new legislation would give Hong Kong’s leader, known as the chief executive, authority to approve extradition requests, after review by the courts. Hong Kong’s legislature, the legislative council, would not have any oversight over the extradition process. Many Hong Kongers fear the proposed extradition law will be used by authorities to target political enemies. They worry the new legislation spells the end of the “one country, two systems” policy, eroding the civil rights enjoyed by Hong Kong residents since the handover of sovereignty from the UK to China in 1997. Many attending the protests on Sunday said they could not trust China as it had often used non-political crimes to target government critics, and said they also feared Hong Kong officials would not be able to reject Beijing’s requests. Legal professionals have also expressed concern over the rights of those sent across the border to be tried. The conviction rate in Chinese courts is as high as 99%. Arbitrary detentions, torture and denial of legal representation of one’s choosing are also common. Many in the protests on Sunday 09 June 2019 said they felt overwhelmed by a sense of helplessness in the face of mainland China’s increasing political, economic and cultural influence in Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s top political leader is not elected by ordinary voters but by a 1,200-strong election committee accountable to Beijing. Half of its legislature are chosen through indirect electoral systems that favour pro-Beijing figures. Many Hong Kongers also cited the jailing of leaders and activists from the 2014 Occupy Central movement– a 79-day mass civil disobedience movement – as well as the disqualification of young localist lawmakers as signs of the erosion of civil freedoms. Resentment towards China has been intensified by soaring property prices – with increasing numbers of mainland Chinese buying properties in the city – as well as the government’s “patriotic education” drive, and the large numbers of mainland tourists who flock to Hong Kong. Many Hong Kongers are also concerned about China’s growing control over the city’s news media, as they increasingly self-censor and follow Beijing’s tacit orders. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/10/what-are-the-hong-kong-protests-about-explainerMore than a thousand protestors surround Hong Kong's main police headquarters on Arsenal Street in Wan Chai on June 26th following a peaceful rally at Edinburgh Place in Central. Doors to the complex were barricaded by protestors, who left after a six hour siege in protest at police violence at a prtest held earlier on 12 June 2019. Protesters ended a six-hour siege of Hong Kong’s police headquarters – their second in a week over the now-suspended extradition bill – early on Thursday morning. More than 1,000 were involved at the height of the protest, which began after 10pm on Wednesday. Around 100 were left at the end and dispersed without a fight when officers with riot shields emerged from the building in Wan Chai at 4am on Thursday. After a peaceful rally attended by thousands earlier at Edinburgh Place in the Central business district, hundreds descended on Arsenal Street, blocking the junction with Lockhart Road to all traffic and sealing the entrances to the police base. (https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3016238/hong-kong-police-under-siege-again-protesters-surround )carrie lam, hong kong protests, extraditions, protest, protestors -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Audit Report (extract), J Williams, Auditor-General Thirteenth Annual Report June 1914, 1914
A photocopy reproduction of the Receipts and Expenditure during the year ending 30 June 1914 concerning the Ordnance Stores showing the unsatisfactory position of the stocktaking accounts at these establishments and steps taken to overcome the irregularities in connection with the keeping of Equipment Ledgers. -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - YMCA Nott Street June 1973, Reverend Donald LANGFORD, June 1973
The YMCA Port Melbourne Youth Centre at 311 - 313 with the next door cottage being 321.B & W photograph of YMCA Nott Street between Bridge & Spring Streets June 1973.June 1973built environment - demolition, built environment - domestic, ymca, port melbourne youth centre -
Greensborough Historical Society
Photograph - Digital Image, June Hall with paintings by Doug Hall, 16/02/2017
GHS member June Hall is photographed with 2 paintings by her late husband Doug Hall. June donated these paintings to the Greensborough Historical Society. One of the paintings if of Oldstead Farm house that was sited at Oldstead Road Greensborough..Paintings are of the local area.Digital copy of colour photographsgreensborough historical society, june hall nee evans, doug hall -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Mrs. Bunn & June Cohen (seated)
Photo of Mrs. Bunn & June Cohen (seated) -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Stawell “Weekly Times” Photo Page June 1942 -- 2 Photos
“Weekly Times” Photo Page June 1942stawell -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Newsletter, City of Moorabbin Historical Society No. 2 Vol. 11 June 1971, City of Moorabbin Historical Society Newsletter No. 2 Vol. 11 June 1971, 1971
Topic ; Cheltenham Tennis Club 1880; Youth Expo; The Aims of the CMHS are ‘to record the history of the City, and register something of the Australian Atmosphere, which the necessary speed-up in post-world-war two (WW11) immigration has caused to be lost; to produce a magazine at regular intervals, featuring the work of pioneers and the changing Australian scene; to work constantly with a long range view towards building a hall where records and exhibits can be housed’ (1961) The Original Newsletters reflect the history and heritage of the former City of Moorabbin — derived from Mooroobin, ‘a resting place’ in the Bunurrung spoken language. In 1994, the City of Moorabbin was integrated into the Cities of Bayside, Glen Eira, Kingston and Monash. This is Newsletter No. 2 Vol. 11 of the CMHS June 1971 CMHS obtained a Kingston City Council Community Grant 2016 for the digitization and preservation of these Original CMHS Newsletters commenced in 1961 1 x L 26cm x W 21cm printed both sides CITY OF MOORABBIN HISTORICAL / SOCIETY / President / Mrs C Whitehead Secretary Mrs P. Brodie / NEWSLETTER / Volume 11 No 2 June 1971city of moorabbin historical society 1961, sheehy t.a., newsletters, -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Newsletter, City of Moorabbin Historical Society No. 2 Vol. 12 June 1972, City of Moorabbin Historical Society Newsletter No. 2 Vol. 12 June 1972, 1972
Topics ; Cheltenham Church of Christ; Maldon The Aims of the CMHS are ‘to record the history of the City, and register something of the Australian Atmosphere, which the necessary speed-up in post-world-war two (WW11) immigration has caused to be lost; to produce a magazine at regular intervals, featuring the work of pioneers and the changing Australian scene; to work constantly with a long range view towards building a hall where records and exhibits can be housed’ (1961) The Original Newsletters reflect the history and heritage of the former City of Moorabbin — derived from Mooroobin, ‘a resting place’ in the Bunurrung spoken language. In 1994, the City of Moorabbin was integrated into the Cities of Bayside, Glen Eira, Kingston and Monash. This is Newsletter No. 2 Vol. 12 of the CMHS June 1972 CMHS obtained a Kingston City Council Community Grant 2016 for the digitization and preservation of these Original CMHS Newsletters commenced in 1961 3 pages x L 26cm x W 21cm printed on one sideCITY OF MOORABBIN HISTORICAL / SOCIETY / President / Mrs C Whitehead Secretary Mrs P. Brodie / NEWSLETTER / Vol 12 No 2 June 1972 city of moorabbin historical society 1961, sheehy t.a., newsletters, church of christ, maldon -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Newsletter, City of Moorabbin Historical Society No.5 Vol. 12 June 1973, City of Moorabbin Historical Society Newsletter No. 5 Vol. 12 June 1973, 1973
Topics ; SEHA ; School Days 1900; The Aims of the CMHS are ‘to record the history of the City, and register something of the Australian Atmosphere, which the necessary speed-up in post-world-war two (WW11) immigration has caused to be lost; to produce a magazine at regular intervals, featuring the work of pioneers and the changing Australian scene; to work constantly with a long range view towards building a hall where records and exhibits can be housed’ (1961) The Original Newsletters reflect the history and heritage of the former City of Moorabbin — derived from Mooroobin, ‘a resting place’ in the Bunurrung spoken language. In 1994, the City of Moorabbin was integrated into the Cities of Bayside, Glen Eira, Kingston and Monash. This is Newsletter No. 5 Vol. 12 of the CMHS June 1973 CMHS obtained a Kingston City Council Community Grant 2016 for the digitization and preservation of these Original CMHS Newsletters commenced in 1961 3 pages x L 26cm x W 21cm printed one side City of MOORABBIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY / President Mrs C Whitehead Secretary Mrs P. Brodie / NEWSLETTER / Vol 12 No 5 June 1973 city of moorabbin historical society 1961, sheehy t.a., newsletters, school days 1900c, south eastern historical association, -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Ephemera - Timetable/s, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), "Official Time Table Bendigo June 1940", Jun. 1940
Centre pages show a map of the system and the sections. The extension to North Bendigo is yet to be constructed. Gives times for trams leaving the city or the terminals for the routes and for the Eaglehawk route, leaving Long Gully Bridge. Has four SECV Advertisements within the book for hot water, ovens - cookers, toasters and electric fan heaters. Three copies held. See item 5356 for a digital image of the same document with a photograph of Len Smith of Geelong loading a pram into a Birney tram.Provides details of 1940 tram services in Bendigo.Forty-page booklet, with orange lightweight covers, saddle-stapled, SECV Provincial Tramways with the title "Official Time Table Bendigo June 1940". Has address if Hargreaves St Bendigo on bottom of the cover. Two copies held.bendigo, timetables, secv -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Papers - Kiewa Riding Voters' Roll, Shire of Bright - Voters'Rolls 1985 (May and June) - Kiewa Riding, 4th July 1985
Electoral rolls list people who are registered & eligible to vote at federal, state, territory & local government elections & referenda. Prior to 1990 the rolls list voters in alphabetical order by surname & first names within each subdivision of an electoral division of each state or territory. The roll is useful and interesting for family historians & the study of demographics. Alex McCullough lived in Mt Beauty and was a councillor for the Shire of Bright.Electoral Rolls help to locate the residential address of a person in a particular year or over a period of years. They can be used as a substitute for census records for family historians and the history of a particular place - in this case Tawonga, Tawonga South, Falls CreekMay 1985 is 7 pages; June 1985 is 9 pages of firm yellow paper with black typed print on one side only. Held by one staple at the top left hand corner. The May 1985 - Each page has columns with 100 people listed up to 628 on page 7. Surnames are in alphabetical order followed by given names and then address. June 1985 Voters Roll (Non resident) is created from Property & lists Voters No. (up to 406) Property No. Name (alphabetical) & address and are non resident voters.shire of bright; voters' rolls; kiewa riding; tawonga; tawonga south; alex mccullough; falls creek -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Colour, Jarrod Watt, Crowds Gather on June 16 on the Streets of Causeway Bay, 2019, 17/06/2019
Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s chief executive, had plenty of political support in the territory’s pro-Beijing legislature to pass a bill that would allow extraditions to mainland China. The legislators were set to begin discussing the bill in early June, and intended to vote on it just weeks later. A series of protests took place, and after a June 16 protest saw the largest turnout yet, Ms. Lam made a major concession: She postponed the bill, at least temporarily. It was an undeniable victory for the protesters — but it did little to quell the unrest. Since the bill could later be reintroduced, protesters felt they remained in danger. The police tactics to break up the demonstrations on June 12, including the use of more than 150 tear gas canisters to push protesters far away from the government office, created a new set of demands from the protesters. Now, instead of just calling for the withdrawal of the bill and Ms. Lam’s resignation, they said they wouldn’t be content unless there was an independent investigation of officers’ conduct. They also wanted the release of protesters arrested on June 12, and for the government to rescind its description of the demonstrations as a “riot,” a designation that carries legal significance. None of that has happened. Many analysts say Ms. Lam is unlikely to step down, nor would Beijing accept her resignation if she offered it. She has more wiggle room on the other demands, but has not indicated any willingness to budge. The Hong Kong Protests are a leaderless, digital movement.There is no single leader or group deciding on or steering the strategy, tactics and goals of the movement. Instead, protesters have used forums and messaging apps to decide next steps. Anyone can suggest a course of action, and others then vote on whether they support it. The most popular ideas rise to the top, and then people rally to make them happen. At its best, this structure has empowered many people to participate and have their voices heard. Protesters say it keeps them all safe by not allowing the government to target specific leaders. Their success in halting the extradition bill, which was shelved by the territory’s chief executive, speaks to the movement’s power. Despite the lack of a clear leader, protesters have shown extensive coordination at the demonstrations, having planned the specifics online beforehand. Supply stations are set up to distribute water, snacks, gloves, umbrellas and shields made of cardboard. Volunteer first aid workers wear brightly colored vests. People form assembly lines to pass supplies across long distances, with protesters communicating what they need through a series of predetermined hand signals. Anyone walking in dangerous areas without a helmet or a mask is quickly offered one. No individual can speak on behalf of the protesters, which makes negotiations difficult, if not impossible. (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. The government claims the push to change the law, which would also apply to Taiwan and Macau, stems from the killing last year of a Hong Kong woman while she was in Taiwan with her boyfriend. Authorities in Taiwan suspect the woman’s boyfriend, who remains in Hong Kong, but cannot try him because no extradition agreement is in place. Under the amended law, those accused of offences punishable by seven years or more in prison could be extradited. The new legislation would give Hong Kong’s leader, known as the chief executive, authority to approve extradition requests, after review by the courts. Hong Kong’s legislature, the legislative council, would not have any oversight over the extradition process. Many Hong Kongers fear the proposed extradition law will be used by authorities to target political enemies. They worry the new legislation spells the end of the “one country, two systems” policy, eroding the civil rights enjoyed by Hong Kong residents since the handover of sovereignty from the UK to China in 1997. Many attending the protests on Sunday said they could not trust China as it had often used non-political crimes to target government critics, and said they also feared Hong Kong officials would not be able to reject Beijing’s requests. Legal professionals have also expressed concern over the rights of those sent across the border to be tried. The conviction rate in Chinese courts is as high as 99%. Arbitrary detentions, torture and denial of legal representation of one’s choosing are also common. Many in the protests on Sunday 09 June 2019 said they felt overwhelmed by a sense of helplessness in the face of mainland China’s increasing political, economic and cultural influence in Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s top political leader is not elected by ordinary voters but by a 1,200-strong election committee accountable to Beijing. Half of its legislature are chosen through indirect electoral systems that favour pro-Beijing figures. Many Hong Kongers also cited the jailing of leaders and activists from the 2014 Occupy Central movement– a 79-day mass civil disobedience movement – as well as the disqualification of young localist lawmakers as signs of the erosion of civil freedoms. Resentment towards China has been intensified by soaring property prices – with increasing numbers of mainland Chinese buying properties in the city – as well as the government’s “patriotic education” drive, and the large numbers of mainland tourists who flock to Hong Kong. Many Hong Kongers are also concerned about China’s growing control over the city’s news media, as they increasingly self-censor and follow Beijing’s tacit orders. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/10/what-are-the-hong-kong-protests-about-explainerPhotograph crowds gathering on June 16 on the streets of Causeway Bay before an estimated 2 million people take part in march protesting the government's push for extradition laws to China and demanding an apology from the chief executrive Carrie Lam. Nearly 2 million’ people take to streets, forcing public apology from Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam as suspension of controversial extradition bill fails to appease protesters. (https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3014737/nearly-2-million-people-take-streets-forcing-public-apology )carrie lam, hong kong protests, extraditions, protest, protestors