Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. S T Gill del. The Government Camp, Creswick, 1857. Shows Commissioner's Camp at Creswick and some of the mining sights. Markings: 45 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Government Camp, Castlemaine, 1857. After 1855, the Government Camps remained as centres of goldfields administration. Slide shows mining at Castlemaine in the background you can see buildings that could be the start of the Castlemaine township. Markings: 44 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. But without a miner's right, a digger had no right to his claim, and could be dispossessed of it by the holder of a miner's right. Despite the cheapness of the right, and the protection to the diggers' industry that it afforded, less than half of the diggers took out miner's rights in each year from 1855 to 1860. Markings: 43 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Shows a copy of the 1 pound Miner's Right, issued in Sandhurst on 26 March 1856, issued to William Lunn, John Williamson and signed 26 March 1857. No attempt was made to police the diggings in order to apprehend diggers working without a current miner's right. (Note the discrepancy in the years) Markings: 42 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. (As a result of the widespread dissatisfaction with the licence system which culminated at Eureka, the licence system and the system of goldfields administration by Goldfields Commissioners were abolished in 1855. For the rest of the gold decade, the digger was required to take out a miner's right - which cost 1 pound per year. The various systems of goldfields administration adopted after 1855 are set out in Unit 8 of this series.) Markings: 41 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. (Hughen) and, in December, 1854, the unrest came to a head in an armed clash between the Government and the diggers at Ballarat. Slide depicts the battle that took place. Markings: 40 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Between 1851 and 1854, there was continual unrest on nearly all of the Victorian diggings, due chiefly to the licence system and the repressive methods of its enforcement (though there were other causes - see Unit 8). The diggers held protest meetings; they formed diggers' associations; they sent petitions to the government. At times, serious rioting threatened - as at Bendigo in 1853. But the Legislative Council continued the system; Markings: 37 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Goldfields Police and Diggers, 1853. Slide also shows a miner in the background and mines, and what would be the Commissioners tents with the flag flying. Markings: 37 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.Hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Asst. Commissioner and Diggers, 1853. This and the following picture - they are really cartoons - illustrate these grievances of the diggers. Markings: 37 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. The goldfields police were stimulated to this sort of activity by an absurd regulation which allotted them half of the fines paid by prisoners they arrested. Many Commissioners, too, antagonized their diggers by their overbearing conduct. (See Unit 8) Markings: 36 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Many of the goldfields police were men of poor character, who carried out their duties with blustering arrogance, demanding the production of the licence with threatening language, and sometimes open violence; and hauling off as common criminals men who, by some mischance, did not have their licences on their persons, when, given a few minutes, they could have shown they had complied with the law. Markings: 35 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. The licence system aroused much hostility among the diggers. They objected to the principle of the fee - a tax on their labour levied by a government in which they were not represented. They objected to the incidence of the tax, which bore equally on the fortunate diggers who could afford it, and the large number of unfortunate diggers who could not. But the most objectionable feature of the licence system way the method by which, on most fields, it was generally enforced. Markings: 34 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Slide shows Gaol at Forest Creek. Labelled 'Gaol, Forest Creek, 1852'. Failure to produce the licence on demand was punishable by fine or imprisonment. Markings: 33 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Depicts diggers on the goldfield with one on the run. Some diggers avoided payment - and ''digger hunts'' were a feature of many fields. 'Joe! Joe!' marked on picture. Markings: 32 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Slide depicts map of Victoria with the 5 gold rush regions marked on it. Beechworth, Sandhurst Avoca, Castlemaine and Ballarat. By the end of 1854, the Heathcote goldfields district had disappeared, but a district had been created on the Avoca. Why? Markings: 31 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. In 1853, the Victorian goldfields were divided into goldfields districts. In September of that year, there were five goldfields districts in Victoria, each in the charge of a Goldfields Commissioner - Castlemaine, Sandhurst, Ballarat, Beechworth, and Heathcote. At the same time, there were 34 Assistant Commissioners on the various diggings. Markings: 30 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Slide depicts 2 miners, and a Commissioner inspecting their Gold Licence. S.T.G. art work. The Licence Inspected. The licence had to be shown, on demand to the Commissioner or one of the goldfields police. Markings: 29 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. HQ or Assit. Commr. at Myer's Creek, B'go. 1852. . . . Others were stationed at outlying digging to maintain order and, in particular, to issue licences. Markings: 28 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Commissioner's hut in the Government Camp. Tent of Asst. Commr., Bendigo Camp, 1854. Some Assistant Commissioners worked with the Resident Commissioner at the Government Camp: . . . Markings: 27 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Several Assistant Commissioners were appointed to help the Commissioners (or Resident Commissioners as they were sometimes called) on the more important goldfields. Markings: 26 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. As well as government escorts, there were a few private gold escort companies operating in the early 1850s. One of them carried gold from the Ovens diggings to Sydney. In 1852, the South Australian government established a gold escort service between Mount Alexander and Adelaide. Why? Markings: 25 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. (Huyghue) Troops arriving at the Government Camp, Ballarat, 28 November, 1854. Why? Markings: 19 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Mt. Alexander Escort arriving at Treasury in William Street, Melbourne. On presenting their receipts at the Treasury, diggers received their gold. Markings: 24 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Mount Alexander Escort, 1852. but when rain made the ''roads'' imassable for vehicles, it was carried (in leather bags) by packhorses. Markings: 23 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Mt Alexander Escort, 1852. In dry weather, the gold (locked in iron boxes) was escorted to Melbourne in open carts. Markings: 22 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Escort Leaving Ballarat, 1852. From the Escort Office in the Government Camp, the gold escort regularly set out for Melbourne. Markings: 21 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Diggers handed in their gold at the escort office, and received a receipt for the number of ounces deposited. Diggers on way to Camp to deposit gold. Markings: 20 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. (Huyghue) Troops arriving at the Government Camp, Ballarat, 28 November, 1854. Why? Government Camp in background. Similar in appearance to Government Camp in Heathcote. Markings: 19 994.LIF. 4hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields, diggers & mining. the gold licence. (huyghue) troops arriving at the government camp, ballarat, 28 november, 1854. why? government camp in background. similar appearance government camp heathcote

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. Government Camp, Heathcote, 1854. From the original in the Mitchell Library. Government Camp, Heathcote. Depicts an area fenced off with the government camp buildings and the Australian flag flying. Has been stamped with the Mitchell Library stamp. Markings: 18 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The gold licence. The Government Camp. Slide: From the original in the Mitchell Library. Government Camp, Sandhurst. The Government Camp, Sandhurst, 1854. Markings: 17 994.LIF. 4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields