A funnel, held above the patient's face, was almost the standard of giving oxygen until c.1930. It was quite useless, enriching the inhaled atmosphere by only about 3% of oxygen.Clear dimpled glass in the shape of a funnel, with red strong running through the centre, and tied to one side.oxygen, oxygen therapy, funnel, cig, commonwealth industrial gases

Historic BuildingsB/W Photo of original photograph, Eyre St west from Warrenheip St., with Temperance Hall and Clifton Villa.buninyong, eyre street west, temperence hall, clifton villa, gas lamp

The College’s spray was one of the first pieces of surgical memorabilia to come into the possession of the College. It had been used in the Listerian wards of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and was presented , along with some other artefacts, by James Hogarth Pringle in 1930. Joseph Lister (1827-1912) is known as a father of modern surgery. His methods of preventing infection were controversial in their time, but are today recognized as a major advance in the practice of surgery. Lister’s life and achievements are too well known to be recounted here. The definitive biography was written by his nephew, Sir Rickman Godlee (PRCSE 1911-13), and published in 1917. Douglas Guthrie gives an glimpse of Lister at work: “...He never wore a white gown and frequently did not even remove his coat, but simply rolled back his sleeves and turned up his coat collar to protect his starched collar from the cloud of carbolic spray in which he operated...” From advances in bacteriology, and discoveries by Robert Koch and others, it became increasingly evident that airborne bacteria were not a significant contributor to sepsis in surgical wounds. They also demonstrated that the body had its own defences against invading organisms, which were seriously compromised by the effects of the carbolic spray. Gradually the use of the spray was curtailed, Lister himself finally abandoning it in 1887. Lister performed the first antiseptic operation, the dressing and splintage of a compound fracture of the lower leg, in 1865. At this time he used carbolic solution by application, and dressings soaked in the solution. The spray was developed later, after many different methods, including carbolic and linseed oil putty, had been tried in order to reduce the harmful side-effects of undiluted carbolic acid. The steam spray was developed in 1869, and announced to the medical world in 1871. Lister’s purpose in adopting the spray was to kill airborne bacteria in the vicinity of the operation before they could reach the patient. It came to be used all over the world for many years. However, it had serious disadvantages, which even Lister acknowledged. The principal problem was the inhalation of carbolic vapour by everyone in the vicinity, including the patient and the operator. In addition, if the patient had been anæsthetized using chloroform, the gas lights decomposed the vapour into chlorine gas, making any procedure an ordeal of endurance.The spray consists of a steam boiler heated by a wick, a nozzle for the steam to escape, and a glass jar for the carbolic solution. Fuel for the wick is carried in a tank at the base. Valves regulate the pressure of the steam, and the nozzle is adjustable. The boiler is made of cast iron, the fittings are brass, and the handles are of wood. Empty, the apparatus weighs 8 lbs (3.2 kg). lister, carbolic spray, antiseptic

Grey paperboard cover, 64pp, bound with staples and red bookbinding tape.non-fictionFrom introduction: 'a condensed summary of the contents of numerous handbooks which have been issued in relation to the protection of the general public and the precautions which should be taken against the effects of an air raid. It has been prepared so that, for reference purposes, trainees may have the main points of all the various phases of this complex subject embraced in one small volume.' Contains chapters on types of bombs, poison war gases and other poisonous substances, protective clothing, preparation of a refuge room, first aid, nursing of gassed patients, decontamination.wwii, world war ii, air raid precautions

Boyd discusses Graeme Gunn's Plumbers & Gasfitters Employees Union Building; indicates it is unusual for Australian trade unions to be a patron of the arts; discusses the angular design and its raw concrete, which Boyd praises as internationally fashionable; suggests that the last great piece of union-commissioned architecture was the Wharf Labourers' Union building, a 1916 Art Nouveau building by Robert Haddon.Original manuscript of an article published in "The Sunday Australian", 06.06.1971 (Review of Graeme Gunn’s Plumbers and Gas Fitters Building, Victoria Parade, Carlton).Typewritten (c copy), quarto, 7 pagestrade unions, plumbers and gasfitters employees union of australia, graeme gunn, brutalism, concrete, robert haddon, wharf labourers' union building, flinders st, robin boyd, manuscript

Boyd discusses the exhibition buildings in Expo 70, Osaka, saying that they fall into two distinct categories, sophisticated or naive. Boyd is critical that Japan did not present a view of the future, which might have been expected of it. This manuscript was published under the title ‘Expo and Exhibitionism’ in 'Architectural Review 'Vol.148, No.882, August 1970.Original manuscript of article titled ‘Expo and Exhibitionism’ published in 'Architectural Review' Vol.148, No.882, August 1970, pp. 99 -100 & 109 &110.Typewritten (c copy), foolscap, 3 pages. (2 copies)osaka, expo 70, expo 67, archigram, metabolism, japanese architecture, kenzo tange, noriaki kurokawa, takamitsu azuma, sumitomo pavillion, takara pavilion, gas pavillion, yoshizawa ryusei, robin boyd, manuscript, ohm2022, ohm2022_31