KING RAZOR MFG. CO.Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; moved to Indiana, Pennsylvania in 1911.ca. 1904 - 1919 Marked "Made in Germany", although the company's offices were located at 118 E. 28th Street, New York City. ca. 1934-1943 Used the "THE KING OF RAZORS REGISTERED TRADEMARK" trademark. 47-1/2 and Trademark: Crown and Wolf. For 500 years the Weyersberg family has been producing the finest blades in the world. For centuries the King’s Crown™ mark has been synonymous with exacting precision, hand-craftsmanship and quality. For the first few hundred years the blades, made in Solingen, Germany (the “City of Blades”), were for swords. As times changed, the Weyersberg family transitioned into making cut throat razors. The Greb. Weyersberg™ family business.continue to place our mark on each and every product sold as we have done since first being able to register it in 1774. For over a 100 years, the straight razors continue to be produced in Solingen (Germany). King's Crown™A folding cut-throat razoron blade ; KING'S / CROWN 'a crown trademark' RAZOR / EXTRA HOLLOW GROUND around 'trademark' ; SET READY FOR USE on steel handle; MADE IN GERMANYcut-throat razors, straight razors, shaving equipment, steel blades, swords, weyersberg family, king crown pty ltd., solingen, germany, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham,

Bengal’ THOMAS RADLEY CADMAN & SONS St. Mary's Road, Sheffield In business at least 1892-1919 Originally a trademark of Luke Cadman, Sheffield, England from ca. 1748-1906. From ca. 1906 - 1953, used by: Thomas Radley Cadman & Sons St. Mary's Road, Sheffield. In business at least between 1892 and 1965. The Cadman family originally came from Derbyshire and settled in the village of Eckington, to the south of Sheffield. Luke Cadman (1727-1788) moved to Sheffield in 1740 and became apprenticed into the cutlery trade. He became a freeman of the Cutlers' Company of Hallamshire in 1748 and was granted the trademark "BENGALL". (Another branch of the family was granted the trademark "SENEGALL"). Two of Cadman's sons followed him into the business. The Cadmans' business was located at various addresses in Sheffield over the years. In the early 1870s Thomas Radley Cadman (1833-1917) took over the firm. By 1933 the firm had diversified into safety razor and pocket knife manufacture. T.R.Cadman & Sons, Ltd. ceased trading in 1965. A man's cut-throat razor that folds to protect the blade inside the handle , 'Bengal'on blade 'BENGAL'cut-throat razors, straight razors, shaving equipment, steel blades, sheffield steel, england, thomas radley cadman & sons ltd., cutlers, steel manufacturers, ‘bengal’ trade mark, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham,

Gebrüder Stoll, Central-Stahlwarenfabrik Founded in 1889 . Solingen-Foche in 1900- 1930. Names: ‘Gallop’, ‘Pedecor’ (Dedecor?), ‘Sinfonie’, ‘Stoll’, ‘Stoll Brothers’. The parts of a straight razor and their function are described as follows: The narrow end of the blade rotates on a pin called the pivot, between two protective pieces called the scales or handle. The upward curved metal end of the narrow part of the blade beyond the pivot is called the tang and acts as a lever to help raise the blade from the handle. One or two fingers resting on the tang also help stabilize the blade while shaving. The narrow support piece between the tang and the main blade is called the shank, but this reference is often avoided because it can be confusing. The shank sometimes features decorations and the stamp of the country of origin. The top side and the underside of the shank can sometimes exhibit indentations known as fluting, or jimps for a more secure grip. The curved lower part of the main blade from the shank to the cutting edge is called the shoulder. The point where the shoulder joins the cutting edge is called the heel. A thick strip of metal running transversely at the junction where the main blade attaches to the shank is called the stabiliser. Although straight razors were once the principal method of manual shaving, they have been largely overshadowed by the safety razor, which incorporates a disposable blade. Electric razors of various types have also been an available alternative, especially since the 1950s. Straight razors require considerable skill to hone and strop, and require more care during shaving A man's cut-throat razor that folds to protect blade inside handle. with a caseon blade 'SINFONIE' on case; Stahlwaron / Fabrikcut-throat razors, straight razors, shaving equipment, steel blades, stoll gebruder ltd., solingen germany, cutlers, steel manufacturers, ‘sinfonie’ trade mark, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham,

A cigarette holder is a fashion accessory, a slender tube in which a cigarette is held for smoking. Most frequently made of silver, jade or bakelite, which was popular in the past but now wholly replaced by modern plastics, cigarette holders were considered an essential part of ladies' fashion from the mid-1910s through the early-1970s. Traditionally, men's cigarette holders were no more than 4 inches ( 10cm ) long The holder was also used as a practical accessory, as before the advent of filtered cigarettes in the 1960s, the holder served several purposes. A holder kept tobacco flakes out of the smoker's mouth, kept the thin cigarette paper from sticking and tearing on the smoker's lips, prevented nicotine stains on fingers, cooled and mellowed the smoke and kept side-stream smoke from stinging the smoker's eyes A Bakelite gentleman's cigarette holder c1940cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, bakelite, plastic, market gardeners, pioneers, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh

A young boys watch with nylon strap c1950A typical watch worn by young boys in City of Moorabbin c 1950A boy's Swiss watch with nylon wrist bandwatches, clocks, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, nylon,

A pair of scales or dishes in which objects to be weighed and the weights / masses against which to weigh them are placed is an "Apparatus for weighing. The pan, or each of the pans, of a balance." These common kitchen / dairy scales would be used by the householder to weigh flour, sugar, cereal, vegetables, fruit, meats, butter, cheese etc. prior to cooking or storing . Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, two pans at the ends of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and counter-balancing weights.Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, two pans at the ends of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and counter-balancing weights.. A set of steel weighing scales with a balance beam that holds 2 brass dishes in which are 7 brass weights. The object/ substance to be weighed is placed in 1 dish and the weights are added to the other dish until the two dishes balance equally on the beam. The base is engraved with '4 lbs' thus indicating that this set will balance up to that weight.scales 4 lbs ( 4 Pounds ) each weight is marked with its weight in Imperial Measure 1 0z = 1 ounce to 4lbmarket gardeners, early settlers, fruit vegetables, farmers, cooking, recipes, scales, weights, measures, brass, balance beam, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, kitchen scales, dairy products, cereals, wheat flour

A pair of scales or dishes in which objects to be weighed and the weights / masses against which to weigh them are placed is an "Apparatus for weighing. The pan, or each of the pans, of a balance." These common kitchen / dairy scales would be used by the householder to weigh flour, sugar, cereal, vegetables, fruit, meats, butter, cheese etc. prior to cooking or storing . c1900 A set of steel weighing scales with a balance beam that holds 1 large metal dish for the item to be weighed and a smaller tray holding the weights. The object/ substance to be weighed is placed in 1 dish and the weights are added to the other dish until the two dishes balance equally on the beam. The base , balance beam and tray are decorated with a floral pattern Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, two pans at the ends of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and counter-balancing weights.Each weight is engraved with Imperial Measure = 2lb, 1lb, 6ozmarket gardeners, early settlers, fruit vegetables, farmers, cooking, recipes, scales, weights, measures, brass, balance beam, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, kitchen scales, dairy products, cereals, wheat flour, .

A mixer is a kitchen utensil which uses a gear-driven mechanism to rotate a set of beaters in a bowl containing the food to be prepared. It automates the repetitive tasks of stirring, whisking or beating. Mixers for the kitchen first came into use midway through the nineteenth century; the earliest were mechanical devices. The mixer with rotating parts was patented in 1856 by Ralph Collier a tinsmith in Baltimore, Maryland .This was followed by E.P. Griffith's whisk patented in England in 1857. A circular tin used for mixing batters. The 2 beaters are of wire, with metal gears, suspended from a metal strip that fits over the tin bowl. and is clamped into place by a metal screw . A crank handle with a wooden black knob attached by a screw is turned by hand to mix the batter in the base. This tin could be secured to a table by a clamp and screw. cooking, kitchen equipment, dairy, cakes, housework, early settlers, pioneers, baking, nutrition, blacksmiths, market gardeners, cake mixers, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, brighton

An eggbeater is a hand-held device with a crank on the side geared to one or more beaters. The user grips the handle with one hand and operates the crank with the other, creating the rotary action. A hand-turned rotary egg beater was patented by J.F. and E.P. Monroe in 1859 in the US. This egg beater patent was one of the earliest bought up by the Dover Stamping Company, whose Dover egg beaters became a classic American brand. The Monroe design was also manufactured in England. In 1870, Turner Williams of Providence, R.I., invented another Dover egg beater model. The Hobart Manufacturing Company was an early manufacturer of large commercial mixers. A mechanical egg beater with a wooden handle and steel gears and crank c1940cooking, kitchen equipment, dairy, cakes, housework, early settlers, pioneers, baking, nutrition, blacksmiths, market gardeners, cake mixers, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, brighton, monroe e.p., monroe j.f., egg beaters, williams turner, dover stamping compant ltd., hobart manufacturing company ltd.

The Maling Pottery of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, was in production from 1762 to 1963. In its heyday it claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world. The first Maling pottery was established at North Hylton, near Sunderland, in 1762 by William Maling. William’s descendants who moved to the Newcastle area and built a succession of larger works. The last of these – the Ford B pottery – was begun in 1878 and occupied a 14 acre site... Maling’s stock in trade was everyday white ware – marmalade jars for Keillers and Coopers, crockery for railways, shipping lines and hotels, and a huge variety of domestic kitchenware. With a significant export trade in the 1920s they had showrooms in Australia, New Zealand and Denmark. Mary Ford, daughter of an Edinburgh glass manufacturer, married Christopher Maling. Christopher Thompson Maling’s initials form one of the company’s early factory marks – the letters CTM inscribed vertically inside a triangle. The Maling name (which had first appeared with the castle mark in the 1920s) and extended to the trade name “Cetem Ware” when the company adopted its well known trademark of a castle in the early years of this century. The “Cetem” name continued to be used into the 1930s. the Maling name continued to be used as a trademark until the factory finally closed in 1963 The outbreak of World War 11 in 1939 marked the beginning of a long decline. Many of the factory’s workers were called up for military service, and wartime restrictions prevented decorative ware being produced for the home market.A larger oval china platter with blue garland around the rim ‘ CETEM WARE’ EMPIRE c1930 On base ; CETEM WARE / over a Castle / EMPIRE / Rd No 519757 china, pottery, cetem ware, maling pottery co ltd., maling william, maling christopher thompson, ford mary, newcastle upon tyne uk, crockery, north hylton sunderland uk, moorabbin, bentleigh, market gardeners, early settlers, cheltenham, world war 11 1939-45, cooking

A pair of scales or dishes in which objects to be weighed and the weights / masses against which to weigh them are placed is an "Apparatus for weighing. The pan, or each of the pans, of a balance." Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, two pans at the ends of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and counter-balancing weights. Gottingen made fine precision scientific scales for use by assayers, jewellers, chemists, gold buyers rtc. A 2 pan analytical, scientific or pharmaceutical beam balance scale made in Gottingen Germany c 1880. These scales are encased in a mahogany framed glass cabinet and Graded 0 -9 9-0D.R.PATENT / GOTTINGER PRAZISIONSWAGENFABRIK G.m.b.H. / GOTTINGEN On upright V over GPW scales, balance, precision measures, gold, pharmacy, precious metals, jewellery, gottingen germany, sartorious f, moorabin, bentleigh, cheltenham, early settlers, gold miners, pioneers, market gardeners, ballarat, bendigo, imperial measure, troy weight

Fairway Company Melbourne manufactured this pair of domestic scales with a dish / pan in which objects to be weighed and the weights / masses against which to weigh them are placed. These common kitchen / dairy scales would be used by the householder to weigh flour, sugar, cereal, vegetables, fruit, meats, butter, cheese etc. prior to cooking or storing . Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, two pans at the ends of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and counter-balancing weights. A set of domestic scales made by ‘Fairway’ Melbourne c1930. Painted cream steel with 1 metal bowl / pan and Imperial measure weights 2LB, 1LB, 4OZ, 2OZ, 1OZScales ; MADE BY / DOMESTIC SCALES / FAIRWAY / MELBOURNE AUST. Weights ; 2LB, 1LB, 4OZ, 2OZ, 1OZ market gardeners, early settlers, fruit vegetables, farmers, cooking, recipes, scales, weights, measures, brass, balance beam, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, kitchen scales, dairy products, cereals, wheat flour

In the 18th century, spring scales appeared. To produce these scales, a manufacturer would use the resistance of a spring to calculate weights, which could be read automatically on the scale’s face. The ease of use of spring scales over balance scales is what led most post offices to outfit their clerks with spring postal scales. One of the most common types of spring scales was the kitchen scale—also known as a family or dial scale. Designed for horizontal surfaces, these scales used the weight of goods in a pan at the top of the scale to force the spring down. Such scales were common in early-20th-century households and were sold by Sears and Montgomery Ward. Many had flat weighing surfaces but some were topped by shallow pans. Companies such as Salters, Chatillon, and Fairbanks made both. SALTER HOUSEWARES began in the late 1760 in the village of Bilston, England. At this time Richard Salter, a spring maker, began making 'pocket steelyards', a scale similar to the fisherman's scale of today. By 1825 his nephew George had taken over the company, which became known as George Salter & Co. and later established a large, well equipped manufacturing site in the town of West Bromwich. The business thrived throughout the 1900s, and in 1972 the company was purchased by Staveley Industries Plc. In 2002, the management team at Salter Housewares Ltd, backed by Barclays Private Equity, bought the company out from the group, to concentrate on its consumer businesses. In 2004 was sold to the US-based HoMedics company, and in 2006, Salter Housewares USA and Taylor Precision Products Inc (also owned by HoMedics) merged. Salter Brand No. 44 Household Spring Balance Kitchen Scales made of green painted metal with a large clock face dial marked in 1oz graduations and with a shallow metal bowl placed on the flat top connected to the mechanism. An adjustable screw tightened or loosened the spring to bring the pointer to zero, prior to adding the material to be weighed.. A common piece of kitchen equipment as most families used this type of scale when measuring goods for cooking or storing.On Clock face ; NO. 44 / HOUSEHOLD SCALE / TO WEIGH 14LB X 1OZ / Pro. Pat. No. 30819 / 32 / MADE IN ENGLAND / SALTER / S in trademark rope with arrow market gardeners, early settlers, fruit, vegetables, farmers, cooking, recipes, scales, weights, measures, brass, balance beam, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, kitchen scales, dairy products, cereals, wheat flour, salter housewares pty ltd, west bromwich england

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes. They are normally used for vision correction or eye protection. A young boy’s frameless spectacles - 1 glass lens with gold style bridge with a stiffened cardboard spectacle case eyes, spectacles, eye glasses, optometry, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, schools

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes. They are normally used for vision correction or eye protection. Pince-nez is a French style of spectacles, popular in the 19th century, that are supported without earpieces, by pinching the bridge of the nose. The name comes from French pincer, "to pinch", and nez, "nose". Although pince-nez were used in Europe in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries, modern ones appeared in the 1840s and reached their peak popularity around 1880 to 1900 A solid bridge piece is moulded to fit the curvature of the bridge of the nose. They are anchored onto the bridge of the nose via two small spring-loaded clips terminating in special nose-pads made from bone or tortoise shell on metal called plaquettes, which are tweezered apart for placement on the face through applying pressure to two small lever-like finger-pieces located on the front of the bridge. Plaquettes could be either hinged and flexible, permitting a better fit, or static as in the older examples of this type.. They were popular from the 1890s through to the 1950s, One half of a pair of lady’s Pince-nez eyeglasses with 1 gold rimmed glass lens , a gold style bridge and a fine gold chain that is attached to the side of the lens frame and to a shaped over- ear metal piece. eyes, spectacles, eye glasses, optometry, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, pince-nez

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes. They are normally used for vision correction or eye protection.The James family were early settlers in the Moorabbin ShireA pair of fine wire frames for eyeglasses with no glass lenseyes, spectacles, eye glasses, optometry, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. Mousquetaire gloves have buttons at the wrist so the wearer could open the buttons and slip her hand out without taking the whole glove off. The finger section would be folded in and kept away tidily. This is how ladies wore gloves while dining. After the meal they would put their hands back into the gloves, usually for the rest of the evening. William and Elizabeth Box were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and resided in 'Box Cottage' 1865 -1913. John Box 1841-1913 was William's brother. Carole Eldridge was a descendant of John Box who with his first wife Martha Sheldrake were the parents of Alonzo Box.A pair of lady's 3/4 length, lilac, kid leather gloves with 2 pearl buttons at wrist opening.clothing, gloves, leather work, mousquetaire gloves, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, box elizabeth, box william, box avis, eldridge carol, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, box john, sheldrake martha, box alonzo

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. Mousquetaire gloves have buttons at the wrist so the wearer could open the buttons and slip her hand out without taking the whole glove off. The finger section would be folded in and kept away tidily. This is how ladies wore gloves while dining. After the meal they would put their hands back into the gloves, usually for the rest of the evening. The Eldridge family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and relatives of William and Elizabeth Box. A pair of lady's white, 'Opera length', kid leather gloves with 3 pearl buttons at wrist opening, or 'Mousquetaire'clothing, gloves, kid leather, leather work, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, box elizabeth, box william, box avis, eldridge carol, box john, sheldrake martha, box alonzo

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather.The Box family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and resided in 'Box Cottage' 1865 -1913 The Eldridge family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire Carol Eldridge was the Daughter in law of Alf and Avis Box, descendants of John Box 1841-1913 A pair of lady's cream, nylon, wrist length gloves with a pearl buttonALL NYLON / MADE IN ENGLAND / 7clothing, gloves, nylon, england, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, box elizabeth, box william, box avis, eldridge carol, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, box john, sheldrake martha, box alonzo

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. The gloves were probably made in Hong Kong, then as now, a place where fashions can be made cheaply because the cost of labour is inexpensive.The family of Carole Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire. Carole was a founding member of CMHSA pair of lady's cream, nylon, wrist length gloves with a frilled edgeclothing, gloves, nylon, hong kong, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, pedersen-green carole, green carole, denmark

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. These gloves were probably made in Hong Kong, then as now, a place where fashions can be made cheaply because the cost of labour is inexpensiveThe family of Carole Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire. Carole was a founding member of CMHSA pair of cream, nylon, lady's wrist length gloves There are 4 cotton flower shapes at centre back of wrist with a tiny pearl in each centreclothing, gloves, nylon, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, early settlers, market gardeners, hong kong, pedersen-green carole, green carole, denmark

This meat mincer was a common kitchen utensil used by housewives for the preparation of meat when cooking food for their familiesA 'Universal' steel, meat mincer with clamp to attach to table or bench, funnel top, and an adjustable screw - to cut meat - that is operated by a steel crank with a wooden handle.Front ; 2 'Universal' Crank arm : L.F&C. NEW BRITAIN, CONN, USAearly settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, housewives, home cooking, meat preparation, thatcher frank, l f & c pty ltd conneticut, butchers

This bottle may have held medicine used by a local early settler family. A local resident discovered it when digging his garden in McKinnon 2013. James Hardie immigrated to Australia in 1888 from Linlithgow, Scotland, and created a business importing oils and animal hides. Andrew Reid, also from Linlithgow, came to join Hardie in Melbourne, and became a full partner in 1895. When Hardie retired in 1911, he sold his half of the business to Reid. James Hardie Industries Ltd first listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1951 and is an industrial building materials company headquartered in Ireland which specialises in fibre cement products. James Hardie manufactures and develops technologies, materials and processes for the production of building materials. For over 20 years, Hardie has also operated a research and development facility devoted solely to fibre-cement technology. The company was a key player in asbestos mining and manufacturing in Australia through most of the twentieth century. Working with products containing asbestos - including the building material known as "Fibro" - caused people to develop various pleural abnormalities such as asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma. In December 2001, the company shareholders unanimously voted to restructure and relocate the company in the Netherlands as a parent company. This was part of a strategy to separate the company from the stigma of its asbestos liabilities. February 2010, James Hardie moved its corporate domicile from The Netherlands to Ireland, In May 2012 the High Court of Australia found that seven former James Hardie non-executive directors misled the stock exchange over the asbestos victims compensation fundA brown glass bottle, with finger grip handlearound bottom " THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF JAMES HARDIE PTY. LTD. SYDNEY' on base 'IS985 / 7early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond, mvkinnon, glass bottles, medine containers, medical supplies, james hadie pty ltd. hardie

This bottle may have held medicine used by a local early settler family. A local resident discovered it when digging his garden in McKinnon 2013. James Hardie immigrated to Australia in 1888 from Linlithgow, Scotland, and created a business importing oils and animal hides. Andrew Reid, also from Linlithgow, came to join Hardie in Melbourne, and became a full partner in 1895. When Hardie retired in 1911, he sold his half of the business to Reid. James Hardie Industries Ltd first listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1951 and is an industrial building materials company headquartered in Ireland which specialises in fibre cement products. James Hardie manufactures and develops technologies, materials and processes for the production of building materials. For over 20 years, Hardie has also operated a research and development facility devoted solely to fibre-cement technology. The company was a key player in asbestos mining and manufacturing in Australia through most of the twentieth century. Working with products containing asbestos - including the building material known as "Fibro" - caused people to develop various pleural abnormalities such as asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma. In December 2001, the company shareholders unanimously voted to restructure and relocate the company in the Netherlands as a parent company. This was part of a strategy to separate the company from the stigma of its asbestos liabilities. February 2010, James Hardie moved its corporate domicile from The Netherlands to Ireland, In May 2012 the High Court of Australia found that seven former James Hardie non-executive directors misled the stock exchange over the asbestos victims compensation fund' A brown glass bottle with finger ring hold at neck that may have been used by a local home owner to hold medicine c1900around base ' THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF JAMES HARDIE PTY LTD SYDNEY ' on base ' IS 994 ' pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond, mvkinnon, glass bottles, medine containers, medical supplies, james hadie pty ltd. hardie, early settlers

Butz-Choquin is a French pipe maker founded in 1858 by tobacconist Jean-baptiste Choquin and Gustave Butz.The company was established in Metz; it remained there until 1951, when it was purchased by the Berrod-Regad company. It was then relocated to Saint-Claude, Jura. The company was acquired by Denis Blanc in 2006. Butz-Choquin's first pipe, the Choquin pipe, was a curved pipe with a flat-bottomed hearth, albatross bone, and silver rings.A 'Butz-Choqin' tobacco pipe with walnut wood stack-like bowl, horn stem and silver perforated lid. The octagonal base unscrews. Silver rings around the lid and join from bowl to stem BUTZ-CHOQIN / Made in France / N0.3 / VERCOURS / BC (engraved) smoking pipes, tobacco, butz-choqin company france, walnut wood, albatross bone, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin, brighjton, bentleigh

A butter churn is a device used to convert cream into butter. This is done through a mechanical process, via a crank used to manually turn a rotating device inside the barrel shaped churn. The agitation of the cream, caused by the mechanical motion of the device, disrupts the milk fat. The membranes that surround the fats are broken down, subsequently forming clumps known as butter grains. These butter grains, during the process of churning, fuse with each other and form larger fat globules. Air bubbles are introduced into these fat globules via the continued mechanical action of the churn. The butter grains become more dense as fat globules attach to them while the air is forced out of the mixture. This process creates a liquid known as buttermilk. With constant churning, the fat globules eventually form solid butter and separate from the buttermilk. The buttermilk is then drained off and the butter is squeezed to eliminate excess liquid and to form it into a solid mass. Then rinsing could be done simply by washing in water, followed by draining, salting and working or "kneading" the butter with a pair of wooden butter pats, or with bare hands. This is a paddle churn, a barrel that contains a paddle, which is operated by a handle. The paddle churned the butter inside the container when the handle was turned. Early settlers had to be self sufficient, growing their own vegetables, making tools and clothing and usually had a house cow to produce their milk supplyThis domestic butter churn is an example of the skill of the pioneer craftsman, carpenters and tool makers c1900. As pioneers and early settlers had to be self sufficient they usually kept a dairy cow or 'house cow' to provide milk for drinking and for butter and cheese to made by the family.A small wooden, domestic butter churn with a lid and a crank that manually rotated the paddle inside. E. CHERRY / MAKER / GISBORNE / VICTORIA / Apioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, brighton, cheltenham, dairy products. dairy farmers, milk, butter, dairies

The first HMV branded store was opened by the Gramophone Company on Oxford Street in 1921, and the HMV name was also used for television and radio sets manufactured from the 1930s onwards. HMV stands for His Master's Voice, the title of a painting by Francis Barraud of the dog Nipper listening to a cylinder phonograph, which was bought by the Gramophone Company in 1899. For advertising purposes this was changed to a wind-up gramophone, and eventually used simply as a silhouette.A green mantel Radio set, 'HMV' , 'Little Nipper' c1930. The 4 tuning knobs are white, - one is missing - , the grill is white and the flex and plug are complete. Front ; HMV 'trade mark' ( dog with a cylinder phonograph' ) / " Little Nipper" hmv, his master's voice radio, gramaphones, radio broadcasts, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, london england, little nipper painting, mr biehl, barraud francis

Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Royal Philips, commonly known as Philips) is a Dutch multinational engineering and electronics conglomerate headquartered in Amsterdam. It was founded in Eindhoven in 1891 by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik. It is one of the largest electronics companies in the world. On 11 March 1927 Philips went on the air with shortwave radio station PCJJ (later PCJ) which was joined in 1929 by sister station PHI. PHI broadcast in Dutch to the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) while PCJJ broadcast in English, Spanish and German to the rest of the world.A brown, mantel radio set, 'Phillips' Model 13B. It has 2 tuning knobs and a clear grill. The flex has been removed.Front : PHILLIPS / Model 13B 'Minstrel Four'phillips radio, amsterdam holland, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, market gardeners, early settlers, radio sets

Joseph Fowler (1888-1972), was born 28 February 1888 at Bagworth, Leicestershire, England, With his brother Sydney, in the early 1900s Joseph worked in a fruit-preserving business run by an uncle at Maidstone, Kent, and continued with the firm after 1908 when it was relocated at Reading. He married in 1910 and emigrated in 1913 settling at Camberwell, Melbourne.The jars were first manufactured in 1915 in Melbourne, for a fruit-bottling business started at the rear of his small house and the company of J. Fowler & Co. had begun producing home-bottling kits containing a sterilizer, bottles, lids, rings and a thermometer. Initially Fowler travelled the district, selling his kits door-to-door from the back of a cart. In 1920 he bought a shop in Hawthorn, and registered his business as a private company.During the Depression Fowlers Kits became a household name. In 1934 Fowlers Vacola Manufacturing Co. Ltd was registered as a public company. Fowler retired in 1961, but remained chairman of directors; his son Ronald succeeded him as managing director. Joseph died 1972 and when Ronald died in 1978, the company was bought out by the Sydney firm, Hooper Baillie Industries Ltd; it in turn sold to Sabco Ltd of South Australia; in 1994, when Sabco went into receivership, Australian Resource Recovery Technologies re-established Fowlers Vacola Australia Pty Ltd's headquarters in Melbourne.The early settlers of Moorabbin Shire had to be self sufficient and grew their own fruit and vegetables even if not market gardeners They preserved their produce for use all year.A 1 pint, clear, glass, narrow neck bottle with original 'Fowlers Vacola' stopper.Top FOWLERS VACOLA Shoulder of bottle FOWLERS VACOLA ONE PINT FRUIT JUICE BOTTLE Base F452 / M / R trade mark Amarket gardeners, early settlers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, fowler james, fowler ronald, fowler's vacola, food preservation

A Mason jar is a moulded glass jar used in canning to preserve food. The mouth of the jar has screw threads on its outer perimeter to accept a metal ring (or "band"). The band, when screwed down, presses a separate stamped steel disc-shaped lid against the rim of the jar. An integral rubber ring on the underside of the lid creates a hermetic seal to the jar. The bands and lids usually come with new jars, and bands and lids are also sold separately; while the bands are reusable, the lids are intended for single use when canning.The Mason jar was invented and patented in November1858 by Philadelphia tinsmith John Landis Mason. The same design was used on the jars well into the 1900'sThe early settlers of Moorabbin Shire had to be self sufficient and grew their own fruit and vegetables even if not market gardeners They preserved their produce for use all year. A clear, glass jar with a metal screw top lid used for preserving food c1900. This jar has a 'keystone' symbol. 'keystone' symbol / MASON'S / PATENT / NOV 30TH / 1858 base 67. PAT NOV 96early settlers, market gardeners, mason's jar, mason john landis, food preservation, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham