Before the introduction of electricity, lighthouses had a clockwork mechanism that caused the lens to rotate with a light source inside that was either powered by Kerosene or Colza oil. The mechanism consisted of a large weight attached by a cable through the centre of the lighthouse to the top where the cable wrapped around a barrel, drum or wheels that controlled the speed of the lights rotation by a clockwork mechanism. The keeper would crank the clockwork mechanism, which would lift the weight ready for the next cycle similar to an old grandfather clock mechanism. Once the weight lifted to its apex at the bottom of the first landing, the keeper would let it fall, which would pull on the cable, which would, in turn, operate a series of gears activating the rotation of the Fresnel optical lens, which would then rotate to create the lighthouse’s unique light speed of rotation characteristic. Creating a specific characteristic required a way to regulate the speed of the rotation, and was important as sailors could identify a particular light by its speed and time between flashes. The weight had to fall at a certain rate to create the proper rotation speed of the lens and a regulator within the mechanism accomplished this. History: From 1851, Chance Brothers became a major lighthouse engineering company, producing optical components, machinery, and other equipment for lighthouses around the world. James Timmins Chance pioneered placing lighthouse lamps inside a cage surrounded by Fresnel lenses to increase the available light output these cages, are known as optics and they revolutionised lighthouse design. Another important innovation from Chance Brothers was the introduction of rotating optics, allowing adjacent lighthouses to be distinguished from each other by the number of times per revolution the light flashes. The noted English physicist and engineer, John Hopkins invented this system while employed at Chance Brothers. Chance Brothers and Company was a glass works and originally based in Spon Lane, Smethwick, West Midlands England. The company became a leading glass manufacturer and a pioneer of British glass making technology. The Chance family originated in Bromsgrove as farmers and craftsmen before setting up a business in Smethwick near Birmingham in 1824. They took advantage of the skilled workers, canals and many other industrial advances taking place in the West Midlands at the time. Robert Lucas Chance (1782–1865), known as 'Lucas', bought the British Crown Glass Company's works in Spon Lane in 1824. The company specialised in making crown window glass, the company ran into difficulty and its survival was guaranteed in 1832 by investment from Chance's brother, William (1788 – 1856). William owned an iron factoring business in Great Charles Street, Birmingham. After a previous partnership that Lucas had dissolved in 1836, Lucas and William Chance became partners in the business which was renamed, Chance Brothers and Company. Chance Brothers invented many innovative processes and became known as the greatest glass manufacturer in Britain. In 1848 under the supervision of Georges Bontemps, a French glass maker from Choosy-le-Roi, a new plant was set up to manufacture crown and flint glass for lighthouse optics, telescopes and cameras. Bontemps agreed to share his processes that up to then had been secret with the Chance Brothers and stayed in England to collaborate with them for six years. In 1900 a baronetcy was created for James Timmins Chance (1814–1902), a grandson of William Chance, who had started the family business in 1771 with his brother Robert. Roberts grandson, James became head of Chance Brothers until his retirement in 1889 when the company became a public company and its name changed to Chance Brothers & Co. Ltd. Additional information: Lighthouses are equipped with unique light characteristic or flashing pattern that sailors can use to identify specific lighthouses during the night. Lighthouses can achieve distinctive light characteristics in a few different ways. A lighthouse can flash, which is when brief periods of light interrupt longer moments of darkness. The light can occult, which is when brief periods of darkness interrupt longer moments of light. The light can be fixed, which is when the light never goes dark. A lighthouse can use a combination of flashing, oscillating, or being fixed in a variety of combinations and intervals to create individual light characteristics. It is a common misconception that a lighthouse's light source changes the intensity to create a light characteristic. The light source remains constant and the rotating Fresnel lens creates the various changes in appearance. Some Fresnel lenses have "bulls-eye" panels create beams of light that, when rotated between the light and the observer, make the light appear to flash. Conversely, some lenses have metal panels that, when rotated between the light and the observer, make the light appear to go dark. This Dioptric clockwork apparatus used to turn a lighthouse optical lens is very significant as it is integral to a lighthouses operation, we can also look at the social aspect of lighthouses as being traditionally rich with symbolism and conceptual meanings. Lighthouses illustrate social concepts such as danger, risk, adversity, challenge and vigilance but they also offers guidance, salvation and safety. The glowing lamp reminds sailors that security and home are well within reach, they also symbolize the way forward and help in navigating our way through rough waters not just on the oceans of the world but in our personal lives be it financial, personal, business or spiritual in nature. Nothing else speaks of safety and security in the face of adversity and challenge quite the way a lighthouse does. Revolving dioptric clockwork apparatus used to turn a Fresnel optical lighthouse lens. A cylindrical cast metal pillar and cabinet painted green with 3 glass doors enclosing the top section. Inside the pillar/cabinet is a large clockwork mechanism used to turn and regulate a lighthouse light by means of weights and a chain attached to same. One door has the name "Adams Mare" in metallic dots similar to "Braille" to the inside edge of door frame.shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, flagstaff hill, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, revolving dioptric mechanism, dioptric mechanism for lighthouse, lighthouse clockwork timing mechanism, acetylene lighthouse light mechanism, 19th century lighthouse mechanism, kerosene light, fresnel lenses, colza oil, chance brothers

On reverse: 35' - 0" diameter dish at Island Lagoon, Woomera Also stamped in blue ink: Phone: Ex. 253 STILL PHOTO SECTION W.R.E. SALISBURY, S.A. Neg. No. N60/2805 (in pencil) Date: Subject: Classification: UNCLASSIFIED (over stamped) 3 Aug 1960 (over stamped)alan gardiner collection, 1960, 1960-08-03, island lagoon, radio telescope, salisbury, satellite dish, south australia, space industry, weapons research establishment (wre), woomera

Showing Australian soldiers at Anzac using Periscopes and Periscope rifles in the trenches.Rectangular shaped Wooden framed photo of Australian soldiers in a trench using a periscope and periscope rifle.1914_18 War. Gallopoli. 1914 - 18 War GALLIPOLI Inside an Australian trench at Anzac showing men keeping vivil by means of periscopes. The Lara Branch R.S.S.I.L.A. from Mrs Hamilton Calvert "Memories" photo, 1914/18 war-gallopoli, world war 1, lara r.s.l., trench warfare, telescopes at gallopoli, framed photos

A magazine supplement of the Ballarat Courier containing articles, images and advertisement. Images include: St Patrick's Day March, Eight Hour Day procession Advertisements include: Morris undertaker, Olivers, Miller, Hanrahan's Hotelst patrick's day, ballarat townscape, st patrick's day parade, ballarat st patrick's day parade, ballarat courier, hanrahan, morris, labour day, 8 hour day, eight hours day procession, st patrick's day procession, mrs captain ellis, picture palace, grenville college, berry united company ullina, lewis s. smith architect, bolster brothers, buninyong butter factory, aquatic carnival, george e. deeble machinery, cape nelson portland, jelbarts, jelbart's telescope, lin hillman, presbyterian church snake valley, miss a.m. abrams, berry anderson and co, j.a. reynolds, maypole, w.f. coltman, ballarat boot palace, ben nevis elmhurst, jonathan reeve, victorian producers co-operative, r.u. nicholls, f.w. barnes and son, ballarat steam laundryballarat water reserves, yarra river warburton, erskine river lorne, john bray, eden studios, lake wendouree

The Ballarat School of Mines was the first school of mines in Australia.Exercise books of newspaper clippings relating to the Ballarat School of Mines. Clippings include: 12 Feb 1936 - State Scholarships 12 March 1936 - Dr J.R. Pound 19 March 1936 - MacRobertson Scholarship 23 March 1936 - gift to the museum - Wardle and Jermyn donate timber specimens 11 May 1935 - A.W. Steane 13 June 1936 - Frederick Longhurst appointed art instructor 27 July 1936 - Ballarat Junior Technical School Reunion 11 Sept 1936 - Wiltshire Poster Competition 30 Oct 1936 - Dressmaking classes 20 NOv 1936 - Nornie Gude NOvember 1936 - Ballarat School of Mines Reunion 16 March 1937 - Oval for Ballarat Junior Technical School - White Flat 11 Nov 1937 - Poster competition - Betty Brown and Albino Paganetti 08 Feb 1938 - Frederick J. Martell obituary 07 July 1938 - Henry Kum-Yuen 14 July 1938 - Red Cross Competition for Women 06 Aug 1938 - School Pine Plantation at Vale Park 19 Aug 1938 - Memorial trees planted at Ballarat Junior Technical School to the memory of Cliff Ellis and Ken Butler 06 March 1939 - Ballarat School of Mines Reunion 16 May 1939 - Ballarat School of Mines Battery 19 April 1940 - Progress of Technical Education - New Engineering workshop opended by Sir John Harris 03 June 1940 - W.H. Middleton obituary 16 July 1940 - Training munition workers 30 May 1941 - Lady Tracers 19 Oct 1942 - War Poster competition 24 February 1944 - Ballarat School of MInes Record Enrolments Feb 1944 - D.F.C. for Ballarat Airman H.J. Trevenen 11 Feb 1945 - Harold Herbert Obituary 14 Oct 1945 - Technical Schools in Wartime 23 Feb 1946 - Molasses and Chaff for SMB Initiates 06 June 1946 - Plans for Victory Ball 13 Sept 1946 - Ken Walker sculpts Prime Minister Chifey's bust 23 Aug 1946 - Edgar McConnon obituary 24 Oct 1946 0 Retirement of A.F. Heseltine 25 Nov 1946 - Army huts for classrooms 12 Dec 1946 - Proposed New Theatre for Ballarat by Geoff Richards 16 Dec 1946 - Ballarat Junior Technical School Old Boys who served in armed forces during World War Two 28 July 1947 - Pottery section at Ballarat School of Mines 31 July 1947 - Red Cross Hut removed to the Ballarat School of Mines 10 March 1948 - Guncotton Factory buildings to become nurses quarters 18 March 1948 - Samuel Mayo Obituary ballarat school of mines, ballarat techncial art school, swimming shield, ballarat school of mines museum, ballarat war museum, sydney pern, t.m. pescott, c.w. brazenor, victory ball, w. rowe, joan walker, graeme dowling, ken walker, prime ministers' avenue, ben chifley, amalie feild, amalie colquhoun, h.h. smith, portrait, girls' preparatory classes, world war two, w. williams, raaf, w.s. williams, william william, william williams, new workshops, herbert j. trevenen, harold herbert death, les crouch, swimming, ballarat city baths, heather scott, clunes hospital nurses' quarters, ballarat ladies' art association scholarships, samuel henry mayo, samuel mayo death, girls preparatory classes, w. william, pilot, killed in action, education reform, ballarat schoool of mines museum, h.j. trevenen, world war ii, world war 2, ballarat junior technical school war service, nurses quarters, guncotton factory building, s. mayo death, initiation, ballarat school of mines scrapbook, newsclippings, j.r. pound, macrobertson scholarship, a.w. steane, ballarat junior technical school, wiltshire's poster competition, ballarat junior technical school old boys' association, ballarat junior technical school old boys' reunion, nornie gude, a. nye, albino paganettu, betty brown, dorothy woolcock, jean coates, jack hewitt, hazel robinson, gilda gude, white flat oval, gauge tower demolition, a.f. hesiltine, darwin, victor greenhalgh, frederick martell, memorial trees, cliff ellis, valda king, pharmacy, reunion, engineering workshops, thomas k. sim, daylesford, battery, h.h. smith reunion, ballarat technical art school reunion, w.h. middleton obituary, munition makers, plumbers, pottery industry, girls education, munition trainees, lady tracers, waterloo prize money, war museum, art as vocation, art education, nine-inch telescope, returned soldiers' league, repatriation classes, pinkertson scholarship, amel robert gordon, projector, pethard cup, ballarat food appeal for britain, queen mary, ballarat swimming pool, ballarat school of mines initiation, swimming carneval, prime ministers avenue, edgar mcconnon, community theatre project, world war two service, john l. burt, hockey, pottery, ceramics, ballarat school of mines coat of arms, coat of arms, k. bremner, red cross hut, s.m.b. follies, ken palmer, s. mayo, chinese, albert steane, university women, a.f. heseltine, student activity, swimming sports, albino pagnetti, w.h. middleton death