This copper nail, sometimes known as a ‘Dumpy Bolt’ or spike, was salvaged from the hull of the wreck of the “George III”. It dates back to at least 1810. It was found by an abalone diver on the south east coast of Tasmania. The nail would have been used to hold the layers of the ship’s keel frame and the planking together. The nail has been passed from the abalone diver to an interested business man on a trip to the south of Hobart, on again to the business man’s close friend who then donated it to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. The metal of nails such as this one, after being in the sea for a long time, become affected by the natural reaction of the sea water, causing it to degenerate and thin, and the stress from the force of the sea over the years alters its shape. Iron nails had been used on ships previously, but they quickly corroded in the salt; ships needed regular, costly and time-consuming maintenance to replace the iron nails. Towards the end of the 18th century the British Navy trialled the use of copper nails, finding them to be very successful. Merchant ships began to adopt this process in the early 19th century, although it made ship building very expensive and was more often used for ships such as the “George III” that sailed on long voyages. The three masted sailing ship “George III” was a convict transport ship built in Deptford, England, in 1810. On 14th December 1834 she left Woolwich, England, bound for Hobart Town, Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania), under Captain William Hall Moxey. She was carrying 220 male convicts plus crew, guards and their families, totalling 294 persons (another 2 were during the voyage). Amongst the cargo were military stores including several copper drums of gun powder. On 27th January 1835 the “George III” was near the Equator, about half way into her journey. A fire broke out and the gun powder was in danger of explosion, threatening the whole ship. Two convicts braved the heat and smoke, entered the store and seized the gun powder drums, suffering burns for their efforts but saving a probable disaster. The fire destroyed some of the provisions and food was scarce. Many became ill with scurvy and some died during the journey. Nearing the end of their journey on 10th April 1835 the “George III” was headed through the D'Entrecasteaux Channel, south east Tasmania, between the mainland and Bruny Island. She was sailing in the moonlit night to hasten her arrival in port due to the great number of sick on board. She struck uncharted rocks, known only to the local whalers, between Actaeon Reef and Southport Lagoon and within hours began to break up. The ship’s boats were used to first rescue the women and children. Firearms were used to help quell the panic of the convicts below decks and some were killed by the shots. Many convicts, including the sick, were drowned. In all, 133 lives were lost including 5 of the crew, guards and their families. It was the third worst shipping disaster in Tasmanian waters. A monument in honour of the prisoners who perished in the “George III” has been erected, noting the date of the wreck as “Friday 10th April 1835.” (NOTE: there are a few differences between sources regarding dates of the shipwreck, some saying March and others April 1835. There are also differences in the figures of those on board and the number of lives lost.) The copper nail is significant as an example of sailing ship construction; fasteners used in the early 19th century on ships carrying convicts to Australia. The nail is also significant for its association with the ship “George III”. The “George III” is registered on the Australian National Shipwreck Database, ID 7195 as an Historic Shipwreck. She is the third worst shipwreck in Tasmanian waters. She is also associated with Early Australian History and the transportation of convicts to Australia. The incident of the fire on board and the bravery of the convicts in making the gun powder safe is an example of the social character of the people in early Tasmanian colonisation. Copper nail (also called a Dumpy bolt or spike) from the convict ship George III, wrecked in 1835. Nail is long, bent in an ‘L’ shape about 3/5ths along, tapering from both ends to the bend. Both ends are flat and do not taper to a point, nor have a thread. The shorter end has been polished, showing bright copper. There is pitting along the nail and virdigris is evident on the longer, unpolished end. The nail is displayed with the longer section resting on a wooden board between two ‘U’ shaped uprights, the shorter section upright. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, george iii, ship construction, ship nail, 1835 shipwreck, 19th century shipwreck, william moxey, d'entrecasteaux channel, convict transportation, copper nail, dumpy bolt, spike, keel nail

Three pages from Punch magazine, each featuring a monochrome lithograph depicting tennis matches. (1) from issue July 7, 1877; image with caption 'LAWN TENNIS'; (2) from issue August 24, 1878; with caption 'WHERE THERE'S A WILL THERE'S A WAY'; and (3) from issue November 3, 1881; caption 'A MODERN TOURNAMENT'. Materials: Ink, Paper, Cardboard, Wood, Glass, Metal, Adhesive labeltennis

Public advertisement on 3 March 1877 of application by William Duncan to bring a piece of land, part of Crown section 13, Parish of Nillumbik, County of Evelyn under the Transfer of Land Statute No. 9356. [This land is adjacent to St Helena Road, possibly near the Bonnie Doon Estate]Digital copy of public advertisement reproduced from TROVE 1 page.greensborough, william duncan

Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Educated: Teachers and students at the Raywood State School, built in 1877. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Unsigned letter dated June 20/1877, from Echuca mentioning that the writer is sending the quarter money and the Widow and Orphan Fund is mentioned.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest, widow and orphan fund

Letter of apology, dated Dec 12th 1877 from H? Exeter. He apologised for his absence in consequence of being on the afternoon shift.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest 3770, h? exeter

Blue Doctor's Certificate dated 16 Dec 1877 certifying that James ? was unable to follow his usual employment and signed by H.L. Atkinson.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no 3770 collection - doctor's certificate, court king of the forest, h l atkinson

Blue coupon, dated May 2 1877, asking Mr. Lewis, Treasurer, to pay W. Ward the sum of 25/- for ? Officer Frame.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no 3770 collection - to pay, court king of the forest, lewis, w ward, richard coath, wm rowe, r ward

Colour slide in a mount. Burnell'. 109 Albert St, East Melbourne built 1854-1877 and demolished in 1969. (See item AV103)Mount Made in England / Vict House (Handwritten) / Encircled 5 (Handwritten) / Encircled 19 (Handwritten) / B (Handwritten-Cancelled)melbourne, slide

Colour Photograph of Past Student of Deep Lead School. Leslie Bennett, Speaks on the history of the Deep Lead Common School 1862-1877deep lead school, education

Account to Court King of the Forest from the Long Gully Mechanic's Institute dated June 27 1877 for the 1/4 rent £2.societies, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - account, court king of the forest, long gully mechanic's institute

Bakelite brown ashtray with gold writing around outer edge (gold mainly rubbed off).Front: MCWILLIAMS CENTENARY / 100 YEARS / PROUD OF THEIR AGE / 1877 / 1977 Back: Stylecraft Promotions S SYDNEY ashtray, mcwilliam's centenary, stylecraft promotions

Knife cleaner, round wooden manual machine with 4 holes in top, each surrounded by metal fitting, handle attached to side of barrel, decorative metal stand with holes for fixing to banch. Black brush bristles are fitted inside, surrounding each hole (some bristles have been worn away. Inscribed "DAVIES PATENT EXCELSIOR LONDON", manufactured by Davis's Excelsior Knife Cleaning Company. Ltd, London. c.1877-1916Inscribed "DAVIES PATENT EXCELSIOR LONDON",flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, knife cleaner, knife cleaning machine, davis's knife cleaning machine co., domestic equipment, butchery, cleaning equipment

Tickets of membership for Anthony and Elizabeth Hall. Six from 1884, eight from 1885, eight from 1886, ten from 1887, seven from 1888, eight from 1889, three from 1890 and two from 1891. On all tickets the words First camp meeting held March 1807, first class formed. 1810church, history, primitive methodist

Cloth-bound, tan coloured embossed cover, end papers & title page missing, cover stained and very worn at extremities. Pages discoloured., foxing. Binding loose, loose pages throughout. 416pp. Poor condition.non-fictionchildren, textbook, reading, glanville

Plate created to celebrate the centenary of the Melbourne Harbor Trust beginning operations. Presented by Australian Dredging and General works Pty. Ltd. Large blue and white Dutch Delftware ceremonial plate with image of two ships, one sailing ship and the Abel Tasman at sea. The Melbourne Harbor Trust shield features above the ships. "The Melbourne Harbor Trust Commissioners/ 1877 Centenary 1977/ 1877 1977/ Abel Tasman" On reverse: "Presented by/ Australian Dredging and/ General works Pty. Ltd./ Delfts blauw/ Hand painted / Made in Holland/ Wp." Sticker attached "43196 B" "PMA 0166/1"

This is an original policeman’s helmet, known as a ‘Wolsley’. The design was in use by Victoria Police from 1877 to 1947 then replaced by more suitable caps. The helmets were made in Ballarat by the Victoria Police's official supplier, A W Sudweeks. Some of these helmets were re-sold at Stokes and Sons in Melbourne and would carry that company’s name. This Victoria Police helmet represents an early era in its uniforms, from 1877 to 1947, when the design was based on the English versions. The design was later replaced by head wear that better suited the local climate and conditions. Helmets of a similar shape to this one were worn by the local Volunteer Corps.Policeman’s helmet, Victoria Police. The black, stiffened canvas hat has a high crown and a leather chin strap. The five panels of stiffened canvas are stitched together. The helmet has a metal ventilation dome at the top. The two small holes at the front are for the officer’s identification badge. The helmet has a leather sweatband, and the brim and sweatband are lined with beige fabric. The helmet’s brim is wider at the front. A maker’s label in the shape of a shield is attached inside the helmet, which is made by A.W. Sudweeks of Ballarat. "A. W. SUDWEEKS / MANUFACTURER / BALLARAT"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, police, victoria police, police uniform, policeman's hat, helmet, policeman's helmet, wolsley, law and order, victorian government, bobby, stokes and sons, official supplier, government supplier, a w sudweeks, ballarat

Small piece of paper dated July 1st, 1877, from R. Weyland mentioning that his mother sends him the papers he required.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, mr rowe, r weyland

Joseph Gundry was born at Lopen ,Somerset England circa 1810.He arrived in Van Dieman's Land 1832from England ,followed by his brothers,William 1837,and Charles later .Joseph died a Jan Juc in 1878 and is buried it the Bellbrae Cemetery .Black and white photograph of Joseph Gundry

The History of Ballarat Has name Carl Archibald on front end page Author: William Bramwell Withers, Publisher: FW Niven and Co Date: 1877 Label on spine with typed text RA 994.53 WIT warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, the history of ballarat, carl archibald, william bramwell withers

1892-1953 The Methodist Children's Home in Cheltenham was founded c1880 to provide housing for neglected children from the inner city. The Founders aimed to provide regular nourishment, a stable environment and integrate the children into the local community thereby improving their education and lives. However new settlers to Cheltenham area who were seeking a healthier and more respectable lifestyle for their families were not happy to share Church and School with the Home's Children. 1911 school parents committee moved to exclude the Home's Children but this was countered by the Home's Committee who defeated the motion 60 to 8. 1915 Dr Scantlebury was pressured by school parents into ordering the confinement/ isolation of all Homes Children if an infectious disease was contracted by a child. This resulted in the Homes Children missing school for months so an application was made to the Victorian Education Dept. for e School to be set up at the Home. However funds were short due to WW1. In 1917 John Livingston, former Homes child who had become successful, bequeathed his estate to the Home and the Vic.Education Dept agreed to a school at the Home. The Influenza epidemic 1919 saw the children quarantined for 4 months as a precaution at the Home. When Flu actually struck, a further 5 months isolation was ordered. July 1920 their own school was on site and continuity of education could proceed , however it reinforced the isolation of the institution contrary to the Founders vision of integration.. 1925 the Danks family funded a Domestic Economy Class for girls, but not until 1936 could the children attend the local High School so that they could pursue office work, apprenticeships, commercial college courses. 1947 a benefactor donated £5,000 to pay fees for school, university or apprenticeship in Arts & Cultural subjects. Some of the children were able to join the local society as Methodist minister, accountant, nurses, farmers, secretaries, trademen whilst others were unable to adjust as crime and misfortune ensued. 1939 some past residents began a group called Living Stones Union that they circulated to the others giving news and a sense of family connectedness among themselves. ( Rev. N. Marshall, KCC Local History , H. Stanley 2005) 1950's saw a new direction for the support of children and families in poor and difficult situations . The new Burwood Homes Facility opened in 1951 and children were transferred from Cheltenham in 1952. The land was sold to the St John of God, Catholic Order in1953 who maintained an orphanage until Myer Pty Ltd bought the site in 1967 and constructed the Southland Shopping Centre1892 -1953 The Methodist Children's Home Cheltenham was founded to provide safe accommodation and education for neglected children from the Melbourne inner city slums. Black & White photograph of boys fishing for yabbies from the lake behind the 'Methodist Homes for Children' Cheltenham pdf of Appeal for the establishment of an Infant Asylum 1877methodist childrens home cheltenham 1892- 1953, st john of god home cheltenham 1953-1967, scantlebury dr john city of moorabbin, county of bourke, moorabbin roads board, parish of moorabbin, shire of moorabbin, henry dendy's special survey 1841, were j.b.; bent thomas, o'shannassy john, king richard, charman stephen, highett william, ormond francis, maynard dennis, cheltenham state school no.84, methodist chapel cheltenham, methodist school cheltenham, beaumaris west state school, meeres frederick, meeres walter, education, early settlers,

Port Arthur 1830 - 1877 by Ian Brand published by Jason Publications Tasmania, soft cover 77 pages with black & white photographs, illustration and maps.Ian Brandhistory, australian, convicts, tasmania-history-convicts-port arthur

Letter dated 26 June 1877 from Hugh Walker, Collector Eye & Ear? Hospital trying to get subscriptions from the Societies for his hospital.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, kershaw's hotel, king of the forest lodge, victorian eye & ear hospital, hugh walker

Blue Doctor's Certificate dated Nov 24th 1877 certifying that Mathias Morris of ? was able to follow his usual employment. Signed by H. L. Atkinson.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no 3770 collection - doctor's certificate, court king of the forest, mathias morris, h l atkinson

Blue coupon, dated March 21 1877, asking Mr. Lewis, Treasurer, to pay W. Daniel the sum of 13/- for ? Signed by Wm. Rowe, Secretary.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no 3770 collection - to pay, court king of the forest, mr lewis, w daniel, wm rowe

Sepia photo of store operated by William Joshua & Francis Beale (92 Mitchell Street, Bendigo). circa 1877. Site now occupied by Hopetoun Hotel. drapery store, beale

Note dated July 16th, 1877, from R. Weyland to Mr. Rowe asking Mr. Rowe to send his mother an answer to her letter.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, mr rowe, r weyland