Isograptus caduceus var.divergens Harris (3132) Yapeenian. Brown rock. One very distinct specimen of graptolite on face. Sticker with 'Ya45' on rock. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Isograptus caduceus var.divergens Harris (3132) Yepeenian. Pale grey rock with three dark brown graptolite fossils visible. 2cm stipes on largest specimen. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Oncograptus upsilon T.S.H Yapeenian. Grey rock with one sandy coloured graptolite specimen. 'Ya42' on sticker on rock. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Isograptus caduceus var. divergens Harris (31325) Yepeenian. Brown rock with dark brown graptolite specimen. 'Ya45' on rock. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Isograptus manu briatus T.S.H, Yapeenian. Pinkish coloured rock, one whole and parts of other graptolite specimens visible. 'Ya44" on sticker Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Trichograptus immotus H. and T. (37442) Middle Ordovician. Dark grey rock. 'Mo63' on sticker on rock adjacent to graptolite specimen. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Diplograptus (Glyptograptus) teretinseulus var. englyphus Lapw. (37397) Middle Ordovician. Pale brown rock, 'Mo54' on sticker alongside single stipe graptolite fossil. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Lasiograptus (Thysanograptus) etheridgei Harris (37436) Grey rock, multiple graptolite specimens on surface. "Mo58' on sticker. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Phyllograptus nobilis H. and K. Reddish brown coloured rock, 'Mo74' on sticker. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Phyllograptus nobilis H. and K. Middle Ordovician Reddish brown coloured rock, 'Mo74' on sticker. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Tetragraptus acclinans Keble, Lancefieldian. Pale grey rock, 'La16' on sticker. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Tetragraptus acclinans Keble, Lancefieldian. Pale grey rock, 'La16' on sticker. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Coniograptus. Brown rock, 'Coniograptus' on sticker. Large graptolite fossil. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Tetragraptus proximatus Nicholson. Dark grey rock, ' La15' written on sticker. Lancefieldian. Fossil collection was formerly held by the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

1. Tetragraptus decipiens T.S.H. 2. Tetragraptus fructicosus (J. Hall) 3br. 3. Didymograptus lucus T.S.H. (41333) Pale grey rock, 'La12'; "Be19' and 'Be25' on stickers adjacent to 3 fossils described. Lancefieldian and Bendigonian specimens of graptolites Fossil collection formerly held in the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Isograptus caduceus var. victoriae Harris Castlemanian Dark Grey rock, multiple graptolite fossils on 2 faces of rock. Sticker with 'Ca38' on rock. Fossil collection formerly held in the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

Tetragraptus acclinans, Lancefieldian Pale brown coloured rock, pencil circle drawn around graptolite fossil specimen. Fossil collection formerly held in the School of Mines Museum, Pall Mall, Bendigo.

The Maddingley area of Bacchus Marsh was surveyed for brown coal deposits in the 1930s. By the early 1940s brown coal in large quantities was being extracted and was transported to Melbourne where it was used to fire boilers for the Australian Paper Mills (APM) company. By the 1970s APM was using natural gas instead of coal. Maddingley brown coal was then used to fire boilers for the CRA/VISY cardboard factory at Bacchus Marsh. This factory closed down in 1990. During the 1990s the mine was acquired by the Calleja family company who ran transport and waste management operations.The Maddingley Brown coal mine was a major industry in Bacchus Marsh for 50 years. A sample of coal from the mine is a reminder of the importance of this local industry over an extended period of time.Two cylindrical plastic containers mounted on rectangular baseSample of pulverised brown coal produced from Maddingley brown coal deposit located at Bacchus Marsh Victoria, October 1981. Moisture content 12% - Specific energy - 22 GJ/Tonne - Particle size - 25% +90 Microncoal mines, mining, brown coal, maddingley brown coal mine

DVD & docs relating to Giant Fossil Sperm Discovery (Miocene era Ostracod) John Neil - Hon. Research Associate, La Trobe university, Bendigo; 14th May 2014. Supportive/descriptive printed documents and proceedings related to this discovery. ''World's Oldest Sperm'' etc. The contents of the DVD disc have not been recorded into this computer.giant fossil sperm, john neil

This specimen was recovered from Mica Schist, Canada. Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of CuFeS2. Its name derives from the Greek words for copper (chalco-) and brass (pyrite). It can be found in shades of yellow, green and grey, and, when exposed to acid, it can change to purple, blue, violet and yellow tones. Weathering can cause loss of its metallic luster and its brass-yellow colour. Chalcopyrite forms under various conditions, with the most significant deposits being hydrothermal in their origin. It is known globally as the most important ore of copper for thousands of years, and is thus considered a very important mineral formation. Given its golden appearance, it is often confused for the mineral gold, earning it the popular reputation as 'fool's gold' or 'yellow copper'. However, it can be straightforwardly distinguished from gold; the latter is soft, with higher specific gravity and a yellow streak, whereas chalcopyrite is brittle, easily scratched by a nail, and has a greenish grey streak. Copper was the first metal that was used by people. It was discovered by the Neolithic man about 9,000 years ago and it gradually replaced stone as it was easier to be shaped. In Australia, search for copper began after the European settlement, leading to the discovery of substantial deposits, like the one at the Olympic Dam in South Australia, which is regarded as one of the largest copper deposits in the world. Chalcopyrite has been used for copper since smelting processes began approximately five thousand years ago. Although by no means rare, this the specimen of this mineral can be used to reflect a wider history of industrial uses of copper for a significant portion of human history. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized copper iron sulfide mineral of brass yellow, often with an iridescent tarnish, with greenish-black streak and submetallic luster. Chalcopyrite can be formed in several ways, including crystalizing from accessory minerals in igneous rocks, or from magma or within volcano sulfide deposits. Most commonly, chalcopyrite are found in hydrothermal conditions, where it forms in hydrothermal veins. As a member of the tetragonal crystal system, it often takes the shape of tetra-headed crystals, often with striations along the sides of the crystals. #18 Copper pyrites/(chalcopyrite) in/Laurentian Slate/(page 315 of inventory)/page missing from/descriptive catalogue/ Other label: 81 /fool's gold, chalcopyrite, mineral, rock, geology, geological, hydrothermal, neolithic, european settlement, olympic dam, south australia, stone, deposits, specific gravity, greenish grey streak, brittle, mineral gold, metallic luster, cufes2, greek words

Garnet is a popular gemstone used in jewellery due to its hardness and durability. There are about 5 varieties of Garnet, which distinguish the colour of each stone. In Australia mostly Pyrope and Aimandine varieties are found; Pyrope, which is blood-red to black and Aimadine, which is brownish-red to black. Other varieties are rarely found in Australia. The garnets visible in this specimen are likely Pyrope. Galnea is the natural mineral form of lead sulphide and has had various uses throughout history; from makeup to car batteries. It was first mined in South Australia in 1841. Green feldspar is an amazonite mineral, a variety of the potassium feldspar called microcline. This particular mineral is considered uncommon. It has been used in jewellery throughout history. It is likely that this specimen was found in Broken Hill, NSW, presumed due to findings of specimens with similar combinations. Broken Hill is Australia’s longest-lived mining city. The city’s fortunes have come and gone against an extreme economic background of boom and bust which continues today.This geological specimen is a rarity, given that is formed of three distinct minerals and the richness of colour that remains visible in this item attests to the strength of each structure. As we cannot pinpoint exactly where this specimen was found further research can only strengthen what is known about mining within Australia. As such the item is significant due to its scientific rarity and its ability to represent three specimens in one. A solid palm-sized mineral that features shades of grey, red and green. garnet, galnea, green feldspar, minerals, mining, rare specimen

This specimen was recovered from Broken Hill, NSW. It was given the name Mangan Hedenbergite in 1819 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in honor of Mr. Anders Ludvig of Hedenberg who was the first to define hedenbergite as a mineral. Hedenbergite, belongs in the pyroxene group having a monoclinic crystal system. The mineral is extremely rarely found as a pure substance. Mangan Hedenbergite is a manganese bearing variety of Hedenbergite. Manganese is the world’s fourth most used mineral after iron, aluminium, and copper primarily because it has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications. Globally, the steel industry is the primary user of manganese metal, utilizing it as an alloy to enhance the strength and workability of steel and in the manufacture of tin cans. Manganese is a key component of certain widely used aluminium alloys and, in oxide form, dry cell batteries used in electric vehicles. These batteries are in high demand. Another potential use for manganese may as an additive to help coat and protect a car’s engine. Manganese is also used for non-metallurgical purposes such as plant fertilizers, animal feed, and colorants for bricks. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A hand-sized mineral specimen in shades of silver and blackmanganese, open cut mine, manganese ore processing, bell bay, tasmania, northern territory, steel industry, zinc-carbon batteries, alkaline batteries, tin cans

From the Ballarat School of Mines.Azurite and Malachite Specimens (and iron), Moonta, South Australiageology, rock, azurite, malachite, moonta