Showing 587 items
matching mining history - victoria
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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - A DIFFERENT VIEW OF BENDIGO, 1985
A Different View of Bendigo. (1985) Written and illustrated by Dorothy Owen Published by Bendigo Modern Press This book gives a humorous insight in verse and illustration to many facet of her home town – Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. From a tourist point of view the book provides good companionship, happy reading, and a memorable souvenir of visitation to one of Australia’s most historical gold mining districts.Dorothy Owenbook, bendigo, personal views -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - INGLEWOOD GOLD GOLD TOWN OF EARLY VICTORIA 1859 - 1992, 1982
Inglewood Gold, gold town of early Victoria 1859 - 1992. 144 pages, with illustrations and maps. History of settlement and gold mining, clubs, associations, businesses. Inscription on front page ' For the Bendigo Historical Society, with compliments, Allan M. Nixon, 28/1/1989Allan M. Nixoninglewood, history, inglewood, history, gold mining. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - VICTORIA HILL BENDIGO, 1972
Victoria Hill Bendigo. History of Victoria Hill, Bendigo Gold mining on the 'richest quartz reef in Bendigo from 1854 to 1916.' A Publicatiob of the National Trust. With IndexBendigo Trustbendigo, mining, victoria hill, bendigo, goldmining -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - MINING & GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL VOL.2, NO.3, 1940
Mining & Geological Journal Vol.2. No.3. September 1940. Published by the Department of Mines Victoria with articles on mining, photographs, maps & advertisements. Name on front A.Richardson 29 Harrison St Bendigo. Softcover.Department of Mines Victoriamagazine, organization, mining, mining, mines, mining equipment. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - MINING & GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL. VOL,4. NO,4, 1951
Mining and Geological Journal, Volume 4, No.4. September 1951. Published by Department of Mines Victoria with 65 pages of articles on gold, coal & oil mining, Illustrations, maps, photographs including photographs of Bendigo mines. Name noted on front A.E.Richardson 29 Harrison St Bendigo.Dept of Mines Victoriamagazine, organization, mining, mining - mines - mining equipment, bendigo mines. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - MINING & GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL. VOL,4. NO.3, 1951
Mining and Geological Journal, Vol.4, No.3. March 1951. Published by Department of Mines Victoria with articles on Mines & mining including Bendigo mines with Photographs, Illustrations, Maps & Advertisements. Name on front A.Richardson 29 Harrison St Bendigo.Dept of Mines Victoria.gold mines, mining, mining - mines - mining equipment, central deborah mine. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - MINING & GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL. VOL.S,NO.6, 1942
Mining & Geological Journal, Vol.2, No.6. March 1942. Published by Department of Mines Victoria, with articles on mines and mining including Bendigo mines, Photographs, Illustrations, Maps & Advertisements. Name on cover A Richardson 29 Harrison St Bendigo.Dept of Mines Victoriagold mines, mining, mining - mines - mining equipment. bendigo mines. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - MINING & GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL VOL.2, NO2, 1940
Mining & Geological Journal, January 1940, Vol.2, No.2. Published by Department of Mines Victoria, 136 pages of Mine Reports, articles on mines, photographs, illustrations, maps & advertisements. Name on cover A.Richardson 29 Harrison St Bendigo.Dept of Mines Victoriagold mines, mining, mining - mines - mining equipment, axedale - fletchers mine. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - MINING & GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL. VOL 1, NO.4, 1939
Mining & Gelogical Journal Vol.1, No.4. January 1939 published by the Department of Mines Government of Victoria, 72 pages with photographs, illustrations, maps & advertisements. Articles on mining including some Bendigo & district mines.Name on cover A.Richardson 29 Harrison St Bendigo.Department of Mines Victoria.magazine, organization, mining, mining - mines - mining equipment, bendigo mines.central nell gwynne. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - MINING EQUIPMENT, 1868
Photograph- black and white - large. Large steel looking mining equipment bolted onto huge timber.. Written on equipment ' R.G.Ford's Patent No.30. Wright & Edwards Makers Melbourne Victoria. After talking to Ralph Birrell, this is a Air Compressor, built in 1868 by Robert Grey Ford, first one built in Australia. Later on he became Chief Engineer of the Victorian Railway. James Lerk wrote a book on R.G.Ford.organization, business, mining equipment, mining equipment. wright & edwards makers. r.g.ford. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - HISTORY OF MYRTLE CREEK, CENTRAL VICTORIA, 2005
HISTORY OF MYRTLE CREEK, CENTRAL VICTORIA - 192 pages with photos, illustrations and maps. Letter inside from Ken James, 18 Lofty Avenue, Camberwell, 3124. 17/10/05. Inscribed on front fly page ' Donated to the Bendigo Historical Society Inc. by Ken James Oct. 2005.'Ken Jameshistory, myrtle creek, myrtle creek, cockatoo creek, state schools, ken james, gold mining, quartz mining -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - BENDIGO THE CITY BUILT ON GOLD, 1970's ?
black cover exercise book, with handwritten text. Title on front page ' Bendigo, the City Built on Gold' Inscribed on front cover, 'Joan Richardson, 29 Harrison Street, Bendigo, Victoria, International Correspondence Schools, Nurses Entrance' Partially filled exercise book, 23cm H x 18 cm W,contains student notes for a reportA. Richardsonbendigo, history, gold mining, bendigo, history, goldmining, central deborah mine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - VIEW OF THE CITY OF BENDIGO AND BOROUGH OF EAGLEHAWK VICTORIA AUSTRALIA, 1905-1906
Views of the City of Bendigo and Borough of Eaglehawk, Victoria, Australia, Softcover book of 28 pages with black and white photos with coloured borders.bendigo, history, buildings/streetscapes, bendigo, gold mining, heritage buildings -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - THE MINING INDUSTRY OF THE STATE OF VICTORIA FOR THE YEAR 1913, 1914
... VICTORIA History victorian mining report . W. Dickson Secretary ...The Mining Industry of the State of Victoria for the Year 1913 British Association for the Advancement of Science. (reprint of the Annual Report of the Secretary for Mines for 1913). The Mining Industry of the State of Victoria for the year 1913.W. Dickson Secretary for Mines.victoria, history, victorian mining report, . -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - AUSTRALIAN MINING HISTORY MONOGRAPHS, NUMBER 1, GLOSSARY OF MINING TERMS, 2000
... VICTORIA History mining terms. Ralph W Birrell Australian Mining ...Australian Mining History Monographs Number 1. Glossary of Mining Terms.Ralph W Birrellvictoria, history, mining terms. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - (RONEO-ED) GUIDE TO 'THE RICH VICTORIA HILL AND ITS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS', 1971
a. and b. Stapled, roneo-ed guide of 10 pages - title 'The Rich Victoria Hill and its Historical Associations. Author: A. Richardson 30/8/1971. (I.e. a Bendigo Historical Society Publication?)place, mining site, victoria hill -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - THE DIARIES OF RICHARD POPE, 1892
The Diaries of Richard Pope, Volume VIII, Broken Hill, Bendigo, Kadina, Moonta, 16 October 1889 - 20 July 1892' Edited by John F.H. Westly, 39 Craig Road, Donvale. Victoria & Panguna , Bougainville, PNG.Richard Popebendigo, history, diaries of richard pope, bendigo, broken hill, kadina, moonta.goldfields, mining, richard pope -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - THE DIARIES OF RICHARD POPE, 1889
The Diaries of Richard Pope - Volume VII - Bendigo and Broken Hill, 11th. January 1886 - 15th. October 1889' Edited by John F.H. Westley & 39 Craig Road, Donvale, Victoria, 11th. June 1983. ( sic )Richard Popebendigo, history, diaries of richard pope, bendigo, broken hill, goldfields, richard pope, mining -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - THE GOLD MINES OF BENDIGO: BOOK 2, 1979
The Gold Mines of Bendigo Book two. (1979) History of mining in Bendigo. (1979) A. V. Parmer. Printed and published by The Craftsman Press Pty Ltd, Hawthorn, Victoria 123 pages Includes b/w photos. .Arthur Victor Palmerbendigo, mining, early history. miners -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - VIEWS OF BENDIGO: GARDEN GULLY AMALGAMATED CLAIMS, c. 1870's
Photograph 12. Sepia toned photograph of Garden Gully Amalgamated claims. Printed below photo: Welch Type, Carlisle Company’s Claim, North Garden Gully Claim, Pass-by Company's Claim, J.W. Forbes, Agent. Purple stamp on back RHS of Victoria, Bendigo Branch, 1959, 157. Nicholas CaireN.J. Caire - Sandhursttopic, mining, garden gully -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - VIEWS OF BENDIGO: NORTH OLD CHUM CLAIM, c. 1870's
Photograph 10. Sepia photograph of View of North Old Chum Claim, showing surface Excavations. Printed below photograph: J.W. Forbes, Agent, Lansell's No. 180 Claim, Welch Expo. 'New Chum and Victoria Company's Quartz Crushing Battery', 'the dividing range between Happy Valley, Victoria Hill and Iron Bark'. Nicholas CaireN J Cairetopic, mining, old chum mine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - 'GOLD' POSTER WITH DESCRIPTION OF NUGGETS
Poster heading - 'Gold' - 'In the whole world, only 47 nuggets weighing over 30lbs Troy have been recorded. Of these 40 are from Australia. The region from Ballarat around to Bendigo yielded 32 of these large nuggets. This monument erected in 1897 by the Mines Department, is the only one ever erected to honour the discovery of a gold nugget. The 'Welcome Stranger' nugget was unearthed on 5th February, 1869, weighing 2316 ounces and it was sold for 9.553 pounds'. Poster includes a map of Victoria depicting the main gold mining areas, also mention of gypsum, and tin in northern Victoria. A photo of the monument to the discovery of the 'Welcome Stranger' nugget found 1 1/4 miles from Moliagul in the bottom corner.document, gold -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Administrative record - Grocer's day book
Five Truscott brothers came to Bendigo from Cornwall and after seven years mining Anthony Truscott opened a grocery store in 30 Havilah Street, Long Gully. Anthony Truscott (Bap 24/2/1856, Cornwall - 21/9/1913). At the age of 18 Anthony went to America but soon returned to England. At about the age of 24 he came to Victoria c. 1880.. He worked in several mines for the next 7 years before opening his grocery shop. In 1907 he was the president of the Bendigo ANA. In 1915 he was the secretary of the Long Gully fire brigade. He died of dropsy and Brights disease. Edward Truscott ( 2/6/1844 - 9/10/1916) Edward and his wife Ellen lived in Smalley Street, California Gully and at 30 Dowding Street, Eaglehawk. He is buried at Eaglehawk. William Truscott (c. 1853 - 14/10/1911) William was a JP. He was also the first President of the California Gully Progress Association in 1910 John Truscott (1/2/1837 - 6/8/1919) John went to America as a young man where he married Christina Grigg and had several children. He arrived in Australia in 1862 with his family. His wife died shortly after the birth of her baby, and John quickly remarried to Catherine Alice Willis and had more children. He was the mining manager at the Hercules and Energetic Mine at Long Gully from 1877. he still held this position in 1882.Grocer's daybook. The book has a blue cover and brown spine. It has 697 pages, used by the storekeeper to record the purchases made by customers. The book covers the years from 1898 to 1900.Truscott collection."Ledger" on the spinegrocer, ledger, truscott -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Souvenir - Views of Bendigo, 1902
The Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition, held at Bendigo from 13 November 1901 to 14 May 1902. The courts were numbered from one, or had titles like “Machinery”, “Agricultural”, “Naval & Military Court” and “Art”. The female visitors to the Exhibition were able to view exhibits deemed suitable for the fairer sex and located within their own “Women’s Court”. There were exhibits such as “Parasols & Umbrellas”, cotton and haberdashery from Manchester and Staffordshire, “Corsets & Embroideries” from Paris. The most valuable exhibits were mining machinery such as Taylor Horsfield’s £850 “Air Compressor & Rock Borer”. “Bohemian Glassware” brought down from Sydney was valued at £600. The profits from this Exhibition were used to fund the sculpture known as the Gold Monument, which still gazes along Pall Mall (from the McCrae Street end). The Exhibition’s Cash Book shows payments, which totalled £1160, were made to then up and coming sculptor C.D.Richardson. Recently a City of Greater Bendigo staff member used both these volumes to write a detailed report about this monument, for Heritage Victoria.Carol Holsworth Collection: Small book Souvenir, 29 pages plus cover; each page. has a photo of the exhibit. Exhibition was held on the site of the present Bendigo Library between Hargreaves St and Lyttleton Terrace. * 8662.1a Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Front Cover: Printed 'Souvenir', 'Bendigo 1901-1902'; a photo of the Entrance to the exhibition beside the Town Hall. * 8662.1b Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Inside Front Cover - Page 1 of 29. Portraits of Exhibition President S.H. Cowen esq.; and G.V. Allen esc., General Secretary. Photos by W.H. Robinson publisher. Printed by T. Cambridge, Market Square Bendigo. * 8662.1c Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 1 of 29 The Governor General at the Exhibition. Photo of the crowd, police, trooper and horse drawn vehicles. * 8662.1d Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 2 of 29 Procession Passing the Fountain, Pall Mall. The crowd and horse drawn vehicles. *8662.1e Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 3 of 29 James Martin and Co's Exhibit. James Martin & Co was an Australian engineering company which progressed from making agricultural equipment to making railway locomotives. * 8662.1f Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 4 of 29 Old Pioneers. Elderly gentlemen on foot and carriage - at the Bendigo Railway Station. * 8662.1g Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 5 of 29 Robert Harper and Company's Exhibit. From Trove - The Brisbane Courier 25 Aug 1891: One of the best known firms in the Southern hemisphere is Messrs. Robert Harper and Co , tea importers, coffee, rice, and spice merchants and manufacturers Then productions circle this continent, and every thrifty housewife is familiar with their Empire tens, their Star' brand of goods, then oatmeal, wheatmeal, and other breakfast table luxuries The headquarters of the firm are placed at Port Melbourne, and the manufactory there occupies over an acre of ground, while the mills at Sydney and Adelaide are as great in proportion It is eight cars since the firm opened business in this colony. The step was taken with much confidence, the principals the firm being quite attracted. * 8662.1h Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 6 of 29 The Electric Tram * 8662.1i Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 7 of 29 G. Weymouth Proprietary Ltd. The business of G. Weymouth & Co was founded in 1898 by George Andrew Philip Weymouth, who began operating from a small workshop on City Road, South Melbourne (opposite Princes Bridge). An early advertisement describes the firm's activities at this time as being 'makers of dynamos, (electric) motors, x-ray apparatus and electrical instruments, &c' together with 'repairs to every class of electrical work'. * 8662.1j Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 8 of 29 The Exhibition Fernery * 8662.1k Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 9 of 29 Cohn Bros'. Exhibit. In 1857 at the height of the gold rush, with people pouring into Central Victoria from all over the world, three brothers from Denmark – Moritz, Julius and Jacob Cohn – founded a small cordial factory in the booming town of Bendigo. They went on to build an empire and, through introducing lager, which is served cold, to the country, changed the drinking preferences of Australians. * 8662.1l Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 10 of 29 Ornamental Lake in the Exhibition Grounds * 8662.1m Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 11 of 29 Australian Explosives and Chemical Co.'s Exhibit. The Australian Explosives and Chemical Company began manufacturing explosives in Melbourne's outskirts (the area now known as Deer Park) in 1875. In 1897 the Company was purchased by Nobel, forming Nobel (Australasia) Ltd. * 8662.1n Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 12 of 29 Tasmanian Court * 8662.1o Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 13 of 29 N. Guthridge's Limited Exhibit. Guthridge sold a variety of mining supplies and equipment; also 'Rackarock' which was used to fill the mining drill holes before blasting. * 8662.1p Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 14 of 29 Navel and Military Court (LARGE File) * 8662.1q Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 15 of 29 Women's Court * 8662.1r Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 16 of 29 T. J. Connelly and Co's Exhibit. T.J. Connelly an American immigrant came to the Bendigo goldfields where he later established Connelly’s Tin Shop on the corner of High and Forest Streets 1853. Connelly was named after Thomas Jefferson the famous statesman who wrote much of the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and became the third United States President. Connelly, along with other prominent citizens of the time established Bendigo’s first Fire Brigade, Mechanics Institute. * 8662.1s Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 17 of 29 The Potter's Wheel * 8662.1t Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 18 of 29 G. D. Guthrie and Co.'s Exhibit. In 1863 the Bendigo Pottery was set up by Guthrie. * 8662.1u Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 19 of 29 The Ladies' Committee * 8662.1v Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 20 of 29 J. Kitchen and Sons Exhibit. In Port Melbourne since the 1850s they made such products as Velvet Soap and Electrine Candles from the tallow and other animal fats from the nearby slaughter yards. In recent decades the company has become Kitchen & Lever then Unilever and most recently Unichema. * 8662.1w Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 21 1of 29 The Executive Committee * 8662.1x Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 22 of 29 Taylor Horsfield Exhibit. The most valuable exhibits were mining machinery such as Taylor Horsfield’s £850 “Air Compressor & Rock Borer” * 8662.1y Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 23 of 29 A Peep at the Education Department 8662.1z Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 24 of 29 John Danks and Co's Exhibit. John Danks & Son was a major manufacturing company in Melbourne, Victoria and Sydney, New South Wales. * 8662.1aa Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 25 of 29 Glance at the Agricultural Department's Court * 8662.1bb Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 26 of 29 T. York's Exhibit. Thomas York was an instrument repairer and brass instrument maker that resided in Melbourne in the late 19th to the early 20th century. While old newspaper advertisements suggested he repaired all instruments, it appears the focus of his business were military and brass band instruments. (BrassandWoodWind.com) * 8662.1cc Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 27 of 29 T. McPherson and Son's Exhibit. Possibly monumental masons. * 8662.1dd Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 28 of 29 T. Lewis and Whitty's Exhibit - Inside Back Cover. Lewis & Whitty were prominent boot blacking manufacturers as well as a number of other chemical products such as “Odourbane" disinfectant. * 8662.1ee Victorian Gold Jubilee Exhibition - Page 29 of 29 Singer Manufacturing Coy's Exhibithistory, bendigo, victorian gold jubilee exhibition bendigo, carol holsworth collection -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Photograph of New Chum Line of Reef
BHS CollectionSepia coloured print of a photograph of the New Chum Line of Reef looking south from the Snobs Hill group of mines. The photo shows several poppet heads and chimneys, bridges and houses. New Chum Line of Reef. includes Victoria Hill possibly the richest spot on the field.On the back a drawing of a poppet head with the words: Bendigo gold project. A small map of Victoria is also printed on the back. bendigo mines, new chum line of reef, mining -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Victoria Hill, Bendigo, 1973
... are characteristic of Bendigo’s mining history and represent two prominent ...Gold was discovered on Victoria Hill in 1854 and by 1861, 1,200,000 ounces of gold had been extracted from the site. The first claim was bought for 80 pounds by Prussian immigrant Christopher Ballerstedt and his son Theodore. Christopher Ballerstedt was nicknamed the "Father of the Hill" and was the first to prove that gold reefs extended below the surface. His 200-foot plus mine shafts yielded quartz rich with gold, inspired other miners, and were instrumental in Bendigo becoming the world's deepest and richest goldfield. The site still features relics of nineteenth century mining including quartz crushing machinery and the foundations of George Lansell’s 180 mine. These features are characteristic of Bendigo’s mining history and represent two prominent nineteenth century miners, Christopher Ballerstedt and George Lansell, who held important roles in the development of Bendigo. Victoria Hill Quartz Gold Mines are registered as a site of significance. The site is of historical, archaeological and scientific importance to Victoria. The mines represent the symbolic heart of Bendigo’s gold mining history and the importance that mining played in wealth creation and the development of Victoria. The diggings reserve is accessed from the rear of Albert Richardson Reserve located at 40-56 Marong Road, Ironbark. The site has steep and unformed paths and is closed to the public at dusk. It is important to stay to the paths to avoid the diggings. Interpretive signs help visitors to appreciate the importance of the site and the remaining relics of Bendigo’s mining history.Victoria Hill Ironbark, Bendigo. Photos of the poppet head, sand heap, tailings, shafts and tunnels. Before development into a tourist attraction.history, bendigo, victoria hill, ironbark, diggings -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - AUSTRALIAN MINING HISTORY MONOGRAPHS NUMBER 1 - THE POWDER MAGAZINES OF VICTORIA, 1998
24 page loose leaf booklet 'Australian Mining History Monographs No.1, the Powder Magazines of Victoria' A brief history of the development of powder magazines in Victoria with a listing of locations. Published 1998 by Zlota Press, StrathfieldsayeRalph W Birrell -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - NEWSPAPER ARTICLE, WHY THE MINERS HATE VICTORIA
Article from the Weekend Australian Financial Review, Octobert 8-9, 2011. explores the reasons why mining investment in Victoria is not an attractive proposition. Mining exploration stops at the Victorian border. Tom Goldsmith of PriceWaterhouseCoopers is quoted beside the headline 'Why the miners have Victoria' saying 'I think 20 years ago people stopped thinking that Victoria was open for business in this regard, so nobody really bothered looking. It takehs a long time to change that mindset'bendigo, mining, mining investment -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - CAROL HOLSWORTH COLLECTION: 1977 GEOLOGY OF THE BENDIGO AREA
Sixteen page booklet Geological Survey Report, Mines Department Victoria. 'Geology of the Bendigo Area' by H.E. Wilkinson. Photo of Lansell's 222 Mine on the New Chum Line, Bendigo. Tallest poppet head on the field, approximately 38 m high, with a shaft depth of 635 m.bendigo, mining, geological survey report -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - CAROL HOLSWORTH COLLECTION: DEEP LEAD GOLD DEPOSITS OF VICTORIA
Bulletin 62 from the Geological Survey of Victoria, titled ' Derep Lead Gold Deposits of Victoria' by F. Canavan, M Sc. K. Bowen and H. Tan, Technical Editors, R.A. Bull, Editor. Bendigo and Sebastian District and the Huntly Telegraph Lead, are discussed in the paper.bendigo, mining, geological survey bulletin 62, bendigo, sebastian, geological survey.