Showing 2818 items
matching the history of ballarat
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Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Traction Publications, "Destination City" fifth edition, 1993
Includes brief description of each type, photographs and a summary history, including the Victorian Railway's trams. Has many photographs of the various tramcars associated with relevant text. On front cover is a photo of Z3 at the Burwood terminus. Written by Norm Cross, Dale Budd and Randall Wilson as editors, published by Transit Australia Publishing. Has two maps, north and south of Melbourne, printed on the inside card covers. Published 1993. Yields information up to 1993 about Melbourne's tramcars.Book - "Destination City" with subtitle "Melbourne's Electric Trams" - 128 A4 pages + card card, printed on gloss paper - 7 sections, perfect bound, describes Melbourne's tram car fleet. mmtb, tramways, tramcars, melbourne, vr trams, destination city -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Noelene Wild, "Eaglehawk's Lifeline", 1997
Book, "Eaglehawk's Lifeline" details the history and operation of the Bendigo to Eaglehawk tram route. The tram service, operated by the SEC ceased in 1972. Has a table of contents, forward written by Dennis Bell and an introduction written by the author Noelene Wild. Published by the Eaglehawk Heritage Society 1997. Includes many photographs, and a (not fully inclusive) list of people who worked on the line in various capacities. Provides a detailed history of the Eaglehawk Bendigo tram route.Book - 72 A5 pages + card covers centre stapledtrams, tramways, eaglehawk, noelene wild, sec, bendigo -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Dean Filgate, "A Brief History of The Melbourne Brunswick and Coburg Tramways Trust", 1999
Book - titled "A Brief History of The Melbourne Brunswick and Coburg Tramways Trust", MBCTT, written by Bob Prentice and edited by Dean Filgate. Published by Tramway Publications 1999. Provides details on the formation of the Trust, appointments, financials, track and overhead construction, power supply, street lighting, depot and offices, opening, map, tickets, staff, operation statistics, extensions, and rolling stock. Illustrated with many photographs including a photograph of the Trust Tramways Band.Yields information about the tramways built by "The Melbourne Brunswick and Coburg Tramways Trust"Book - 24 pages including heavy card covers, titled "A Brief History of The Melbourne Brunswick and Coburg Tramways Trust", centre stapled.trams, tramways, mbctt, tramways band, coburg, construction -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, et al, "The Melbourne Tram Book" - 1st edition, 2003
Book - titled "The Melbourne Tram Book" - 1st Edition, written by Randal Wilson and Dale Budd - 2003. Covers Melbourne tram history including cable trams, early electric trams, trams in art, historic fleet, colour schemes, tram types, and preserved tramways. Includes notes on the authors. Yields information about Melbourne trams history. Has a close association with two well known authors.Book - 84 pages including card covers, full colour printing on gloss paper, perfect bound with foldout covers containing four postcards that could be removed.melbourne, tramways, trams, history, randal wilson, dale budd -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, et al, "The Melbourne Tram Book" - 2nd edition, 2003
Book - titled "The Melbourne Tram Book" - 2nd Edition, written by Randal Wilson and Dale Budd. Reprint with updates of 2010. Covers Melbourne tram history including cable trams, early electric trams, trams in art, historic fleet, colour schemes, tram types, and preserved tramways. Includes notes on the authors. Yields information about Melbourne trams history. Has a close association with two well known authors.Book - 84 pages including card covers, full colour printing on gloss paper, perfect bound.melbourne, tramways, trams, history, randal wilson, dale budd -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newsletter, Sebastopol Community News, Oct. 2022
Sebastopol Community News Oct. 2022 - issue 1 with an advert for the Ballarat Tramway Museum Tramway Celebration day on 2 Oct. 2022. Has an article by Doug Bradbury - "Is Ballarat actually a suburb of Sebastopl?" Looks at the history of the district, the Yuille brothers and their property "Ballaarat". Includes a short bio of Doug.Demonstrates a community publication Newsletter - 24 A4 pages, centre stapled, full colour.sebastopol, btm, doug bradbury, history, yuille brother -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document, Mal Rowe, "The Tramways of Geelong", 25-2-2023
Item authored by Mal Rowe for the Geelong 2 tram day at the Ballarat Tramway Museum 25 and 26 March 2023. Gives an overview of the history of the Geelong tramway system and its tramcars. Yields information about Geelong tramwaysPdf file of a PowerPoint presentation titled "The Tramways of Geelong" geelong, tramways, history, tram 2, mal rowe -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Model - Model Melbourne SW5 tram and presentation case, Cooee Concepts Pty Ltd, 2008
Detailed in The Met colour scheme of the 1980s with the logo of the early 1980s. Demonstrates an operable model of a Melbourne SW5 class tram.Model of Melbourne Melbourne tram W5 (actually an SW5) No. 812, electric model, made by Cooee Concepts Pty Ltd in China. The model is packaged in a wooden packing case with a blue felt base, contained within a cardboard outer case. The cardboard cover or case has a printed sheet giving details of the model and the history of the W5 Class tramcar. The wooden case has a brass plate detailing the contents. Scale 00 or 1:76. Model made from plastic and metal, with operable lights and motors with operable trolley poles, swiveling bogies, the destination of St Kilda, showing route 16. Headlights function in the direction of travel. The package has a manufacturing date of 2008 printed on it. Contains a plastic cover strip, a plastic holder for the tram, a plastic lift-out strip, a printed Certificate of Authenticity, No. 553 of 700, and a folded sheet giving instructions for the use of the tram on a model tramway - up to 15V DC.models, the met, tramcars, w5 class, sw5 class, tram 812, cooee, cooee collectables -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Report, Parliament of Victoria, "The Yallourn coal reserves", May 1971
Report looked into the future of the Yallourn Township. Has a brief history of the location, the SEC power generation and its relationship the history of Vitoria. Lists the parliamentary inquiry board members, the witnesses, a table of the community organisations based at Yallourn township, coal reserves and costs. The Parliamentary Committee recommended that the SEC proposal be followed, that is close the township and mine the coal reserves that were under the township. Dated May 1971.Yallourn and other mines provided the brown coal for Ballarat B Power station and power Ballarat's tramways.Foolscap report - 6 sheets + 3 folded sheets, stapled on the left hand side and bound with black tape.Has the markings of the State Transport Library.yallourn, secv, brown coal, power supply, power engineering -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Corporation of Glasgow Transport Department, "Glasgow Municipal Tramway", c1933
Book - 48 pages + 2 fold out maps + cover, card cover, bound, giving details of history of Glasgow tramways, power stations, substations, workshops, bus stations, training and underground railway. Commences at p41 - 92, could have been part of a larger document. Record reviewed and scanned images of cover added 5/9/13. trams, tramways, glasgow, uk, tramway, bus, underground -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Magazine, Australian Electric Traction Association (AETA), "The Trolley Wire", Vol 1, No. 6, "The Trolley Wire", Vol 3, No. 5, Jul. 1952
Yields information about Sydney trams in the early 1950s and demonstrates means of publishing information of the era.105.1 - Spirit duplicated magazine, 8 quarto pages, single sided - " The Trolley Wire", Vol 1, No. 6, July 1952, stapled down along the left hand side. Has items on Brisbane, with map, Brisbane news, Sydney news, Gladesville to Lane Cove proposed tramway and Western Suburbs Destination Roll, 1947 - 1950. 105.2 - Spirit duplicated magazine, 9 quarto pages, single sided - " The Trolley Wire", Vol 3, No. 5, 20th May 1954, stapled down along the left hand side. Has notes on association matters, map of tramways in the Moore Park area, Drummoyne Bridge and Iron Cove tram lines, Easter workings, Sydney news. See Reg Item 5685 for other Vol 1 issues and Reg Item 5686 for Vol. 2 issues. Scan with care.Vol 3, No. 5 has pencil inscription of "H.Matthews"trams, tramways, tramway news, history, sydney, brisbane -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Ephemera - Tour Notes, Australian Electric Traction Association (AETA), "AETA Souvenir Brochure Golden Jubilee" Ballarat 1955, Aug. 1955
Yields information about a Australian Electric Traction Association tour to Ballarat, Golden Jubilee Tour, August 1955 and Ballarat tramcars.An 8 page, duplicated souvenir brochure for AETA tour of Ballarat Trams, on 20/8/55 with brief history, itinerary, map, tram car notes. Gives details of the itinerary for the trip using a 280HP Rail car trip with the forward portion via North Geelong. Duplicated using the Gestetner process. Note the knowledge of the time, with horse tram bodies being reused to form some of the early ESCo. trams. Second copy from donation of the Tom Murray Estate added 25-11-2016 and 3rd copy from Keith Kings papers added 19-3-2017. A copy of this document ex Charles Craig collection was replaced by a better condition one ex Tom Murray - 25-11-2016. Record revised and updated for this replacement. Handle with care - both copies.secv, ballarat tramways, 1955, 50 years of electric trams, aeta -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Ephemera - Tour Notes, Australian Electric Traction Association (AETA), "AETA Easter 1958, tour notes, Ballarat", Apr. 1958
Yields information about a Australian Electric Traction Association tour to Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong Tour, Easter 1958 tramcars with maps.A eight page booklet tour notes for AETA's 4th Annual Easter Convention in Melbourne and tour to Ballarat, Sat. 5/4/1958 with brief history, itinerary, map, Geelong map, tram car notes and Bendigo. Duplicated by Gestener process. Copy to be provided if loaned.secv, ballarat, geelong, aeta, bendigo, provincial tramways -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, L.S. Kingsborough Glen Osmond S.A, "The Horse Tramways of Adelaide and Its Suburbs 1875-1907", 1967
A brief history of each tramway company that operated in Adelaide and suburbs, along with photographs of horse trams, 'Carette', Juliens Patent Experimental Electric Tram, conductor and fare equipment. Appendix I included rules for drivers and conductor with Adelaide and Suburban Tramway Company Limited. Appendix II (a), (b) and (c), outline drawings of various types of cars. Appendix III, destination signs and lights. Appendix IV, Adelaide and Suburbs Horse Tram routes in 1908.trams, tramways, horse trams, adelaide -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Magazine, Shennan Publishing & Publicity, "Special 12th Anniversary Issue" - Truck & Bus Transportation - July 1948, 1948
Yields information about Australian transport history, transport at the time of publication and the development of buses and the Ansett organisation.Large format 208 page , July 1948 issue of Truck and Bus Transportation with colour cover, fold out and advertisements, colour printing, articles on buses, trucks, cable trams, Australian Transport, personnel in industry, Ansett, executives - special 12 the anniversary issue. See photocopy of title and contents pages with item notes. Notes on Truck & Bus Transportation - Special Anniversary Issue - July 1948, with particular relevance to BTM Archives Advertisements: White Bus Co - similarity to the US PCC Tram - inside front cover Ansett's and Ansair - p131 AC buses - p162 Articles: Has Australia's Railways Reach the Doldrums? - p38 Modem Street Transit Authorities Announce Development Policy - p42 (includes photos of Sydney, Adelaide Glenelg H class, Bourke St, trams etc, being replaced by buses) These were the Events that made our Headlines (war years - photos included - p61 Riding the Rattlers behind Horses, Ropes and Billies - cable trams, horse and steam trams p66. - demise of Melbourne cable cars. Tracing the development of the Motor Bus in Aust. - p73. Australian Transport Administrations - whose , photos, responsibilities, liquid fuel control (petrol rationing), Australian Road Transport Associations, executives etc. - pl16 onwards Ansett organisation - p 1 72 onwards trams, tramways, trucks, buses, cable trams, road transport -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, Herald & Weekly Times Ltd, The Sun 17/4/1953, Apr. 1953
... Ballarat civic facilities and is history. Trams tramways Horse ...Yields information about Ballarat civic facilities and is history.Front and back page of "The Sun" Melbourne, Friday April 17, 1953. On page 2 has an articles re Ballarat : homes for aged, hospital, Civic hall, photos of horse trams (3 horses), Town Hall in background), 6 Ballarat Base Hospital Nurses. Front page - Melbourne Olympic Games - final decision by IOC and the Cold War.trams, tramways, horse trams, ballarat, melbourne olympic games, ballarat town hall -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Courier Ballarat, Courier, 8/3/1938 p21, 22, 29 & 30 - photo of Sturt St, Mar. 1938
Yields information about Ballarat and its locations or environs late 1938.Pages 21,22,29 and 30 of the Centenary issue of the Ballarat Courier, 8/3/1938. Page 21 "When the World was Wide", photos, Ballaarat City Council of Centenary of settlement in the Ballarat district, year, and Sturt St. from Bridge St., possibly original photo of time. Ads. - Marks & Phillips, - Tailors and C.J.Coles. Page 22 - Towns that have a history - Learmonth, Clunes, Creswick and Buninyong. Photos - Learmonth, Clunes and Forestry school Creswick. Ads - State Savings Bank of Vic, Swanston Used Cars. Page 29 - Ballarat's historic Sports Grounds - origin and development, Eastern Oval incident, listing of nuggets found and quartz specimens. Ads for Prestige stockings, T&G Mutual Life and Fosters Lager. Photo of mine at No. 6 shaft on Band of Hope and Albion Consolidated. Page 30 - articles - Ballarat's sporting origins and swamp to reservoir (water supply). Photos of First England Cricket team to visit Ballarat and aqueduct at Kirks storage basin. Ads for Craig Bros, Pratts cash stores, Haymes paints and Ballarat Block Arcade - shops. Record reviewed and images of some of the pages added 10-9-2013trams, tramways, ballarat centenary celebrations, centenary, sports ground, water supply -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Age, "Good-bye to Railway Trams", May. 1956
Newspaper clipping, titled "Good-bye to Railway Trams" (Age Fri 4/5/1956) about the closure on 5/5 of the St Kilda Brighton Tramway, background history, and photo of VR No. 6. Written by Claude Forell of the Age newspaper. Record revised and image added 21/9/2013. trams, tramways, vr trams, closure, st kilda - brighton tramway, aeta -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, Adelaide Mail, "A lot of surprises in half a century", Jan. 1950
Newspaper clipping titled "A lot of surprises in half a century" from Adelaide Mail 7/1/1950, with photo of King William St. with horse trams and notes on life 50 years before that and what was happening in 1900. Item written by Max Fatchen. Record updated and image added 21/9/2013.trams, tramways, adelaide, horse trams, social history -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Dept. of Veteran affairs for Australia remembers programme, Australia Remembers Information, 1995
Books, posters, letters and bromide sheets for background information and use in Australia Remembers (1995), commemoration - 50th anniversary of end of second world war. 255.1 - three copies - 1 item with 4 Velcro dots on rear, Australia Remembers logo poster - gloss paper, minor creases, three colours, 420 x 286. 255.2 - A4 size, 40 page and card cover background information book - "Australia Remembers", 1945 - 1995", published by Department of Veteran Affairs, 1994 Canberra. Gives brief history of Australia's involvement in Second World War, 297H x 210W, no damage. 255.3 - letter from Victorian Committee to BTPS dated 28/2/19905 - white paper with colour logo, A4, BTPS received stamp in top right hand corner - crease in top left hand corner. 255.4 - 8 page A4 size magazine format on Australia Remembers events, issued in Jan. 1995 - 297H x 210W - no damage. 255.5 - single sheet - A4 size, black and white, and colour bromides of Australia Remembers logos in various screens. Produced by Department of Veteran Affairs. Has been cut on left hand side. Images added 19/10/2013.trams, tramways, world war ii, australia remembers, 50th anniversary, commerations -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Australian Electric Transport Museum (SA) Inc, "Adelaide's Changing Transport", mid 1960's
264.1 Twenty page booklet titled "Adelaide's Changing Transport - a guide to the AETM at St Kilda. Black and white photos, map, covers, brief history of Adelaide's transport and some Museum exhibits 264.2 - within book - Letter from Garry Ord to N.Gower dated 7 august 1967 on Australian Broadcasting letterhead, Queensland branch, noting replacement of trolley buses in Adelaide and returning booklet. 264.3 - newspaper cutting within booklet, dated 22/11/1968, noting 10th anniversary of closure of Adelaide street trams and referring to an "in Memorial" notice. Items .2 and .3 were inside booklet, clipped together with a paper clip that was going rusty.trams, tramways, adelaide, trams, trolley buses, buses, aetm, st kilda museum. -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Photocopies, Ballarat Tramway Museum (BTM), 277.1 - "Farewell Crawl", 277.2 - "Goodbye to Trams", Mar. 1996
Yields information about the history of Bendigo's trams, tramways and the trammies and their stories and a special tram prior to closure. Has a strong association with the businesses in Bendigo.Photocopies of Bendigo Advertiser newspaper. 277.1 - "Farewell Crawl" - report with photo of a group from the Court House Hotel who did a pub crawl by tram on Sat. April 8, 1972 - photo of group on board with tram No. 26. 277.2 - photocopy of the Bendigo Advertisers feature of 8 pages, called "Bendigo says Good-Bye to the trams". Features history of the Bendigo trams, the services, personal stories, photos and advertisements from local commerce - published Thursday April 13, 1972. Tram services closed the following Sunday. For original of the feature see item Reg. No. 1038. Pdf image of photocopies added 22/10/2013trams, tramways, bendigo, secv, closure -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Photocopies, Ballarat Tramway Museum (BTM), newspaper items - Ballarat closure, Mar. 1996
Photocopies of original newspaper clippings from the Ballarat Courier. Originals of cuttings held - see notes below. 278.1 - "Tram makes farewell trip" - photo of No. 43, near dusk on Mt. Pleasant route, fire station in background. - Sunday Sept. 5, 1971. - Courier Monday 6/9/1971 - A4 sheet. - (See Reg. Item 2907 for actual copy of cutting) 278.2. - "Last Journey for 39" - report on tram 39 last trip to Mt. Pleasant by Judy Graham - page 1 of Courier, 6/9/1971 - A4 sheet. - See Reg. Item 2908.1 for actual copy of cutting and 2908.2 for 2nd part on page 2. 278.3 - "Tram Change Uneventful" - report in the Courier of 24/8/1971, day after buses started on Victoria Street and photo of overhead dismantling (A4 sheet). - See Reg Item 1065 for actual copy of the cutting. 278.4. - "Many will miss tram" - report in Courier, Monday 23/8/1971 - following closure of Victoria St. route on 232/8/1971. Photo of No. 31 at Victoria St. (A3 sheet). (See Reg Item 1068 for actual copy of cutting). 278.5 - "Pieces of Tram History" - item in Courier of Wed. 22/9/1971 of tramway Supt. Mr. Denmead, handing over tokens and sample tickets to City of Ballarat - 2 photos - A3 sheet. - (See Reg Item 1846 for actual copy of cutting). Record updated 11/9/2013 for actual cuttings held. See Page 57 of KS Kings, "Ballarat Tramways"trams, tramways, ballarat, secv, closure -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Guide Book/notes, Tramway Museum Society of Victoria (TMSV), "Guide for Delegates interested in trams", 1970
Demonstrates notes prepared by the TMSV for tours of the Ballarat and Melbourne systems and the nature of the notes.Five page spirit duplicated notes to act as a guide to visitors to the International Convention of Railway Modellers, Melb. 1970. Index, history of TMSV, map of Malvern depot, model trams, exhibition notes, place of Melb. Tram interest, notes and map on Ballaarat. Missing is pages 6, 7, and 8 - noted in index on page 1. Pdf image of document added 31/10/2013.trams, tramways, melbourne, ballarat, tmsv, model tramways -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, mid 1940s
... Ballarat Tramway Museum South Gardens Reserve Wendouree ...Yields information and history of the Western Hotel through photographs, in the form of a laminated table mat.Plastic placement with a reproduction of a Post War II(?1946 colour scheme),of tram No.13 turning into Ripon Street North travelling to View Point. Street scene highlights Western Hotel on a wet afternoon, by clothing on street walkers & bare branched trees, late Autumn to early spring. Reverse of side of plastic placemat portrays Western Hotel in Victorian Centenary year of 1938. Images rescanned 29/10/2013.trams, tramways, ballarat trams, secv, sturt st -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Magazine, John Price and David Menzies, "A Museum Trilogy", 1975
... Ballarat Tramway System history, with Map of System complied...Ballarat Tramway Museum South Gardens Reserve Wendouree ....1 - Modern Tramway & Rapid Transit Review - May 1975 issue, Vol38 No. 449 p157. - from the Part One of Three part article Ballarat Tramway System history, with Map of System complied by W.J.Wyse 3/62 from sketch by A.T.Marshall with various photos of Bendigo and Ballarat. Part 1 of "A Museum Trilogy", written by John Price and David Menzies. .2 - Modern Tramway & Rapid Transit Review - August 1975 issue, Vol. 38, No 451, p267, part 3 of 3 part article, Bendigo, with map of system, by W. J. Wyse 4/62, completed from sketch by A.T. Marshall, along with various photos. Part 2 of "A Museum Trilogy", written by John Price and David Menzies. Record revised and images of cover, index and article added.Both issues with biro "75c"trams, tramways, trams, rapid transit, ballarat tramways, bendigo -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Pamphlet, Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society (BTPS), "Ballarat' Living History- Vintage Trams", Sep. 1984
... "Ballarat' Living History- Vintage Trams".... "Ballarat' Living History- Vintage Trams" Pamphlet Ballarat Tramway ...Yields information about how the BTPS promoted the tramway, with the Design by the printer and the BTPS.Double side paper advertising BTPS with photo of tram 26 (front on prior to reconstruction) printed in green ink on one side, and map and details printed in black ink on reverse side.trams, tramways, btps, ballarat vintage tramway, botanical gardens -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Keith Kings, "The Bendigo Tramways", Feb. 1972
Book, 80 pages, gloss art paper, in black ink with a yellow card cover in green ink, centre stapled, titled "The Bendigo Tramways" Details history of Bendigo tramways, its tramcars and the involvement of the various operators. Has maps and photographs. Written by Keith Kings and published by the Victorian Division of the Australian Railway Historical Society and others at the time of the closure of the Bendigo system. Has details of the various organisations that published the book on the rear cover. Cover, index page, maps and rollingstock lists have been scanned see jpg images i1 to i7 For book itself see pdf images i1 to i4 326.1 - ditto - purchased by W.A. Doubleday for BTM ex Scottsbluff, NE, USA 8/2003. Added 27/09/03. See Reg Item 4242 for other copies of this book which has pencil annotations.trams, tramways, bendigo, battery trams, steam trams, history -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Pamphlet, City of Box Hill, 351 - "Know your city No. 1, The Box Hill - Doncaster Tram" 351.1 - "Know your City No. 4, The Box Hill - Doncaster Tram", Aug. 1974
Two colour pamphlet describing the history of the Australia's first electric tram service - Box Hill to Doncaster in 1889. Pamphlet folded into 3, with 1 photo and copy of timetable. Includes notes on brochure preparation and other facts about City. Printed on off-white paper, with a reddish brown colour for headings and photo background. On rear noted as "4th edition 8/74 10M-VM". Folds into three. (Image btm351i1) 351.1 - similar to above, but without 4th edition notes. Gives a list of the other pamphlets and notes Andrew Lemon's book on Box Hill published in 1977. (Image btm351i)trams, tramways, box hill, city of box hill, doncaster -
Buninyong & District Historical Society
Photograph - Original Photograph, N.L. Harvey and Sons, Ballarat, B/W photo of early site works Mt. Helen Campus of University of Ballarat, 13 May 1968
... Educational history Buninyong Mt. Helen Ballarat University campus ...Educational historyB/W aerial photo of early site works Mt. Helen Campus of University of Ballarat.On rear, "Tertiary Institute site work at Mt. Helen commenced March 1968 (see A.R. 1967-68, p.8 Knowles and Stapleton had earthworks contract" also stamp " N.L. Harvey & Son Photographers 131 Sturt Street Ballarat"buninyong, mt. helen, ballarat university, campus, earthworks