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Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Ballarat School of Mines Additional Rooms to Plumbing Shop, by Chief architect Percy E. Everett, 1945, 14/01/1945
.1) Copy of structural details for additional rooms for the Ballarat School of Mines Plumbing Building, 1945 .2) Copy of structural details for additional rooms for the Ballarat School of Mines Plumbing Building, 1945 .3) Copy of an engineering plan for additional rooms for the Ballarat School of Mines Plumbing Building, 1948 .4) Copy of a plan for additional rooms for the Ballarat School of Mines Plumbing Building, 1945ballarat school of mines, plumbing, architectural plan -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BENDIGO MEMORIES, 1860 - 80
Typed notes titled ' Bendigo Memories, 1860 - 80'. Mentioned the Meudell family, some successful mine owners, the statue of the shepherd and the wild beast in the Conservatory Gardens, an argument over a rooster between two Chinese neighbours, Laying the Foundation Stone of the Sandhurst Masonic-Hall, a ring presented to Mr Lysaght by the Chinese, and 'It Slowly Fades Away' which is about a house near a tennis court which has an old brewery under the back garden.document, bendigo memories 1860 - 80, g d meudell, 'the pleasant career of a spendthrift', william meudell, bank of victoria (bendigo), hon henry miller, george lansell, bank of new south wales, oriental bank, union bank, adventure and advance mine, g ballerstedt, 180 mine, garden gully united co, john boyd watson, carlisle mine, kentish mine, barnett lazarus, william hunter, joseph hunter, robert hunter, burnewang park, william moffat, bendigo advertiser 1930, mr r buck, statue in conservatory gardens, bendigo advertiser 26/2/1949, mr wells, abraham harkness, alex h stone, bendigo advertiser 16/6/1868, sing toe, ming foy, mr flegg, mr mclachlan, mr w perry, laying the foundation stone of the sandhurst masonic-hall, messrs vahland and getzschmann, mr w c vahland, brother j m'intyre w m, brother buckley, brother connelly, golden and corinthian grand united lodge, the rev j c m'cullagh, brother g p joseph, the australasian sketcher 9/8/1873, chinese testimonial, mr lysaght, bendigo advertiser 27/11/1856, ben eagle, 'it slowly fades away', michelson home, joch, mr michelson -
Rutherglen Historical Society
Image, 1994
One of two sepia coloured photographs, photocopied on A4 paper. Photographs copied either way up. Each has a typed caption.Caption: "Gravel heaps at grid 575-602 of Chiltern Valley No. 2, Gold-Mine"chiltern valley, mining industry, gold mines, gold mining -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Photgraph, Stained Glass Window in Carmel Welsh Church, Sebastopol, 08/10/2022
Carmel Welsh Church is located at 365 Albert Street, Sebastopol and is the only identified Welsh Presbyterian church surviving in Victoria,. It was built in 1865-6 to the design of Henry Richards Caselli, and of distinctive architectural character combining round arched windows of almost a Renaissance character, mediaevalising buttresses, and extremely chunky gable eaves of a domestic character, including square finials and raking brackets. It was established in 1861, the members and adherents were predominantly Welsh, the Welsh language was spoken freely and there were regular services in Welsh.Digital photograph of ta stained glass window in the Carmel Welsh church, Sebastopol.In memory of the Welsh miners who from the darkness of the mines brought the light of Christ to Carmel.carmel welsh church, sebastopol, church, henry richards caselli, welsh, stained glass, welsh miners, poppet head -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Book, Golden Heritage N.W.O. Project, Stawell Gold Mines Past and Present - Exploring the Golden Heritage Stawell, 1996
Points of Interest in Stawellwith cover with photo of the town hall clock towerIn Brown Print: Stawell Gold Mines Past and Present Exploring the golden Heritage of Stawell stawell mining -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Photgraph, Stained Glass Window in Carmel Welsh Church, Sebastopol, 05/10/2022
Carmel Welsh Church is located at 365 Albert Street, Sebastopol and is the only identified Welsh Presbyterian church surviving in Victoria,. It was built in 1865-6 to the design of Henry Richards Caselli, and of distinctive architectural character combining round arched windows of almost a Renaissance character, mediaevalising buttresses, and extremely chunky gable eaves of a domestic character, including square finials and raking brackets. It was established in 1861, the members and adherents were predominantly Welsh, the Welsh language was spoken freely and there were regular services in Welsh.Digital photograph of ta stained glass window in the Carmel Welsh church, Sebastopol.In memory of the Welsh Miners who from the darkness of the mines brought the light of Christ to Carmelcarmel welsh church, sebastopol, church, henry richards caselli, welsh, stained glass, miners -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - SANDHURST SCHOOL OF MINES COLLECTION: MEMO FROM THE BENDIGO ADVERTISER
SANDHURST (BENDIGO) SCHOOL OF MINES-Memo from The Bendigo Advertiser -'The Bendigonian - Illustrated .Tuesdays ' 'Mackay & Co. ' dated 25.1.(19)07 - To Mr W. H. Walter , Registrar School of Mines Bendigo . Re reduction in Ordinary Rates for a Standing Advertisement for the School of Mines .document -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - DEVONSHIRE & MUNGO MINES - LOCATIONS OF THE DEVONSHIRE & MUNGO MINES
Tracing of streets, school sand heaps and dam at Eaglehawk titled Devonshire & Mungo Mines. At the top of the page is sketches of the chimney of the 'Big 180', Old Chum Mine, United Devonshire and Old St Mungo Mines. Also a sketch of a windlass, whip & remains of whim. Eaglehawk.mine, gold, devonshire & mungo mines, devonshire & mungo mines, locations of the devonshire & mungo mines, eaglehawk, chimney of the big 180, old chum mine, united devonshire, old st mungo -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Booklet - Mines Department, Victoria, Antimony Mining At Ringwood by H.E. Wilkinson, 1971
Between 1869 and 1892, the Ringwood antimony mines produced more than 3,500 tons of antimony ore, which represented bout 15 per cent of Victoria's antimony production for that period. Much greater amounts were later taken from the mines at Costerfield and the Ringwood mines lapsed into obscurity. Most of the information in this booklet has been obtained from published and unpublished Geological Survey and Mines Department reports and Lease Records. (See full list of references included). -
Federation University Historical Collection
Drawing - Architectural by Herbert. L. Coburn, Elevated Plan view of Ballarat School of Mines, 1915
Large framed watercolour drawing depicting the main buildings making up the Ballarat School of Mines including the Ballarat School of Mines Museum and Technical Art School. Signed 'Drawn by Herbert. L. Coburn'. 'Dec 1915'ballarat school of mines, herbert l. coburn -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - CENTRAL DEBORAH GOLD MINE: COMPLIMENTARY GUIDE TO THE CENTRAL DEBORAH GOLD MINE
Black and white bifold document, on front of document 'Complimentary guide to the Central Deborah Gold Mine'. Inside is a map and numbered features of the mine site with interpretive information.bendigo, mining, central deborah gold mine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - TAMBOUR MAJOR MINE - PHOTO OF DIVER
Photocopy of a photo of a diver and nine men outside the mine. The diver was inspecting the flooded Tambour Major Mine at Specimen Hill in 1920. Photo taken by Percival ?, Bendigo.photo, group, male, tambour major mine, photo of diver -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - SANDHURST SCHOOL OF MINES COLLECTION : 'EXTENDED REPORT ON REMODELLING OF FITTING & TURNING SHOPS
SANDHURST (BENDIGO) SCHOOL OF MINES 'Extended Report on remodelling of Fitting & Turning shops to D Clark sq., Director of SCHOOL OF MINES Bendigo, from L.B. Mcgrathdocument -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - CENTRAL DEBORAH GOLD MINE COLLECTION: COSTINGS FOR REPAIR
Typed document listing costs required to upgrade the Central Deborah Gold Mine as a tourist destination. Costs include the price of purchasing the Mine property and allowance for contingencies.bendigo, mining, central deborah gold mine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - MINE SHEDS
Black and white photograph. Mine shed constructed of timber, flat roof and on wooden stumps. Written on back '1940'. Possibly South New Moon Mine Eaglehawk.gold mines, mining equipment, south new moon mine site -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: SOUTH DEBORAH GOLD MINES NL: MINES POLICY, 2/4/1946
Document; McColl, Rankin and Stanistreet; South Deborah Gold Mines NL; State Accident Insurance Office Victoria; Mines Policy, Workers compensation, One pageorganization, mining, south deborah gold mines nl -
Montmorency/Eltham RSL Sub Branch
Accessory - Kitbag, Australian Army, WW2
Held by Montmorency/Eltham sub branch for some time; background details uncertain. Likely donated by by family member. Owner was Leslie 'Rocky' Walton (b. 9 Jun 1921) who enlisted at Casino (NSW) on 2 Aug 1942, living at East Preston at the time. He was discharged on 15 April 1946 while posted to 2/43 Aust. Inf. Bn.The kitbag consists of a long, brown, canvas cylinder closed at the bottom. The top has an internal canvas flap and eight brass grommets to allow a drawstring type rope (fitted on this item) to securely close the bag. A metal D-shaped hinged clasp (see photo; 13 cm x 8 cm) to enable fitting of a padlock. A canvas loop (see photo) is sewn to bottom edge of bag to enable rope to be passed through for bag to be slung on shoulder. The name and army serial number of the owner are stenciled in white paint on the side and bottom of the bag. Stenciled on side and bottom of bag ... VX82295 WALTON Laccessory, personal items -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - NEW CHUM HILL?
Black and white photograph of mine site. Mullock heap in background with various mine buildings. Chimney stack and corrugated iron buildings on right. Mine shaft holes in foreground. Whims centre back. Hand written on back 'Gold Mines Bendigo. Probably New Chum Hill. Looking North. Phoenix, later Old Chum Mine at summit. JB Lazarus' claims in foreground. RT. 'Johnsons No. 2' on back - Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch. Circular stamp. History: Prev. ACC. No. MNG 2Batchelderplace, mining site, new chum -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - FORTUNA COLLECTION: AERIAL VIEW OF BENDIGO 1963
Black and white photograph, aerial view of Bendigo 1963, Fortuna Villa in foreground. On bottom of photograph ' Fortuna, an aerial view of Bendigo Circa 1963' Fortuna Villa in foregound of image, showing very clear detail of grounds. Image has labels of following sites: Lansell's 222 mine Lazarus mine site Central Red, White and Bluye mine site, Old Chum mine site New Chum and Victoria mine site West End Hall Mount Alvernia BCV8 QEO -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - CENTRAL NELL GWYNNE MINE - NEWSPAPER ARTICLE ON CENTRAL NELL GWYNNE MINE
Newspaper article from the Bendigo Advertiser, dated Thursday, May 4, 1967 on the Central Nell Gwynne Mine. It has a picture of the poppet legs of the Central Nell Gwynne Mine with an old gold digger's dish in the foreground and a bush on the right. The article mentions tourists ask to see a gold mine, but none are working. The Bendigo branch of the National Trust has asked the council (who are the trustees of this once famous gold mine) whether it has any plans for the development of the site of this mine and the city engineer to make a report.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, central nell gwynne mine, central nell gwynne mine, newspaper article on central nell gwynne mine, bendigo advertiser, bendigo city council, bendigo branch of the national trust -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - black and white, Portrait of Mica Smith, Early 20th Century
Professor Mica Smith was a well known and much loved professor of Chemistry and Metallurgy at the Ballarat School of Mines from 1882 - 1922.Studio portrait of Alfred Mica Smith in oval oak mount, possibly gelatin silver print. Plaque attached below reads 'PROFESSOR ALFRED MICA SMITH (1844 - 1926) A graduate of Chemistry, B.Sc. (Hons), London, Professor Smith came to Australia in 1873. In 1882 he joined the Ballarat School of Mines and Industries as Professor of Chemistry and Metallurgy, in which post he remained for forty years. Professor Smith was involved in many areas outside his teaching, but his chief fame comes from the knowledge he gave to and the affection he inspired in his students.' alfred mica smith, ballarat school of mines -
Federation University Historical Collection
Letter, Letters written by Richard Squire to his son Tom Squire 1938
In 1905 Richard Squire was manager of the West Berry Consols at Allendale, and developed an improved system of mine ventilation, which was supported in "The Age."[4] He was successful in combating and remedying the gas and ventilation troubles of the Deep Mines of Creswick and Allendale Districts after all had failed. MINE MANAGERS’ ASSOCIATION. Ballarat Branch. ... Mr R. B. Squire, manager of the West Berry Consols, at Allendale, submitted a paper detailing what he had done tor the betterment of ventilation in the alluvial mines of Smeaton and Mary borough districts- Members gave Mr Squire every credit for the results that he claimed to have effected; the adoption of his ideas had testified to their value to mine-owners. It was painted out, however, that for want of a thorough debate of the subject with experienced men the author had unwittingly included some general statements that required modifying in some points and extending in others, in justice to other workers among the earlier and the present day managers of mines. It was decided to invite the author to meet a sub-committee on this subjectHandwritten letters written by Richard Squire to his son Tom Squire 1938 on lined paperrichard squire, tom squire, hazel squire, jack squire, jim squire, ned, mt mercer, plant, skids, pump, poppet, carburetor, shaft, balance weight, pulleys, syndicate, suction, lease, reports, estimates, flat fields, reef, trucks, pipeclay, sandstone, suction pipe, valves, honeycomb rock, yarrowee, ballarat, reef combs, cheques, yellow slate, leigh river, dyke, quartz, ballarat deep leads, ballarat deep leads extension, bore, reads, bedrock, cemented sand, g m of a, gold mines of australia, liz the car, geoff squire, lode, hayes timber, ethel, ross creek field, ross creek gold mining co., frank herman, lillas, jack hayes, eyres brothers, g.gay & co, buninyong, glenfine, the star mine of avoca fields, talbot alluvials, guildford plateau, a.b.c. special supply store, geological branch, shell coy, lawaluk, almanac, mcbinny, bingley's paddock, cargaire valley and lead, stand and deliver demands, sheehan's, smeaton hotel, john charleson, ballarat main lead, goon, dereel, the bay leads, avoca field, ballarat alluvials, haddon field, courier, school of mines, bewick mining & co., broken hill syndicate, morrison's lead, baragwanath, creswick, duke of wellington plant, the moorabool lead, kohinoor band and alluvian, star of the east, bonshaw, epidemic, polio, k.w. steedman, mr newman, allendale mines, professor mica smith, alfred mica smith, mr hodge, w. taylor, mcpherson's reward coy, mr mitchell, billy thomas, john bull, albert, nina, stanley hunter, frederick the great, ross creek south, bislolo, brilolo, birlolo, ballarat east coy, maxwells, reginald murray, bob allan, vendetta, john lynch, dodson, mnster of mines, e.j. hogan, jonah ward, mcnaughton's paddock, bellesby, alec peacock, jenkins, h.c. jenkins, conspiracy, argus, mr ellerby, dr lawrence, occulist, mining -
Federation University Art Collection
Painting - Oil on board, 'Jack Barker' by Geoff Mainwaring, 1987
Geoffrey MAINWARING (29 October 1912-13 April 2000) Born Adelaide South Australia Geoffrey Mainwaring studied at the South Australian School of Arts and Crafts before becoming an art teacher at Thebarton Technical School (1928-36). Mainwaring was adept at depicting a variety of subjects, from landscapes to portraits, and was very competent using a variety of media, including pencil, oils, and watercolour. He was a confident draftsperson, and completed many sensitively rendered portraits that give an insight into the character of the sitter. In June 1941 Geoffrey Mainwaring (SX13471) joined the 2nd Australian Imperial Force, and after five months was transferred to the Engineers and employed as a Sergeant-Instructor, specialising in demolitions. In late 1942, he was sent to New Guinea as an Australian army artist on probation. On 27 May 1947, Mainwaring was discharged from the Army, having served for five and a half years. He was appointed as an artist on a civilian basis until his paintings were completed in March 1948. In 1949 he was appointed Head of the Art School at the Ballarat School of Mines (now Federation University Australia). He continued to paint commissioned portraits for the Australian War Memorial until the late 1950s. Geoffrey Mainwaring died at Ballarat in April 2000. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed portrait of Jack Barker, Principal of the Ballarat School of Mines, and inaugural Director of the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education (later Federation University Australia).art, artwork, e.j. barker, jack barker, mainwaring, geoff mainwaring, geoffrey mainwaring, portrait, school of mines, ballarat school of mines, australian war memorial, australian war artist -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Colour photograph, Davey Paxman Experimental Steam Engine in the Mount Helen Workshop, c1994
The Davey Paxman Experimental Steam Engine was purchased by the Ballarat School of Mines as the result of a bequest from Thomas Bath.The Davey Paxman Experimental Steam Engine was purchased as the result of a bequest from Thomas Bath. The 'substantial sum' was used to build an Engineering Laboratory. The Ballarat School of Mines Council minutes of 08 November 1901 record: - Plans for [the] proposed building were submitted ... and ... it was resolved that a temporary building for an Engineering Laboratory be put up.' This laboratory, as an existing building, is first mentioned in the Ballarat School of Mines President's Annual Report of 1901, presented on 28 February 1902, reporting 'the erection of a building 67ft long by 33 ft wide' This report also lists all the equipment that would be accommodated in the Engineering Laboratory, including the experimental steam engine and boiler. The experimental Davey-Paxman steam engine arrived in Ballarat towards the end of 1902. The Engineering Laboratory was opened on 14 August 1903 by His Excellency Sir Sydenham Clarke. This engineering laboratory remained in use till about 1945. By 1944 preparations were under way at the Ballarat School of Mines to expand existing facilities, to be ready for the influx of returned soldiers. A new Heat Engines laboratory was built, this time of brick construction, replacing the previous corrugated-iron shed. In the early stages the steam engine was used to drive an overhead transmission shaft for machinery in the adjacent workshop. Later the steam engine was moved to a space that became the Heat Thermodynamics Laboratory. At the end of 1969 the engine was relocated to the Thermodynamics Laboratory at the then Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education (BIAE) Mt Helen Campus. It was donated to Sovereign Hill in 2006. According to the research of Rohan Lamb in 2001 around five experimental steam engines were made by Davey Paxman, and three of these had similar configuration to the Ballarat School of Mines Steam Engine, however, each of these was also unique with different valve arrangements. The list, which was on a scrap of paper in a folio held in the Essex Archives, confirmed that one was sent to India. The Ballarat steam engine can be dated to late 1901 to early 1902. Zig Plavina was responsible for moving the steam engine to Mount Helen, and worked on it as a technician for many years. He observed the following: * The condenser is driven by the low pressure engine. * The following arrangements are possible: i) the high pressure engine alone, exhausting to atmosphere. Condenser not used, crankshaft flanges not coupled. ii) crankshafts coupled, mains pressure (120 psi) steam supplied to high pressure engine, partially expanded steam delivered to low pressure engine (Tandem operation). Choice available re exhaust steam: either to the condenser or to atmosphere. iii) crankshafts not coupled, reduced pressure steam supplied to low pressure engine. Exhaust steam - either to the condenser or to atmosphere. * Valve arrangement - a choice of Pickering cut-off or throttle governor. On low pressure engine - throttle governor only.davey paxman experimental steam engine, model steam engine, steam, thermodynamics laboratory, thomas bath, bequest -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet - Annual Report, Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report, 2011
Photocopy of the 1911 Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report.ballarat school of mines, annual report, richard maddern, andrew anderson, w.h. middleton, woolcott, james oddie, oddie obituary, first aid classes, school of forestry, plumbing, daniel walker, w.a. watt, mt pleasant observatory, ballarat observatory, john brittain, p. baracchi -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet - Annual Report, Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report, 1912
Photocopy of the 1912 Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report.ballarat school of mines, annual report, richard maddern, andrew anderson, w.h. middleton, woolcott, gwenda mann, repousse, daniel walker, a.g. gilchrist, thomas hart, f.w. hawkins, bickett, james bickett -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet - Annual Report, Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report, 1914
Photocopy of the 1914 Ballarat School of Mines Annual Report.ballarat school of mines, annual report, h.h. smith, frederick martell, harold cornell, revill tinworth, loyal finch, ernest anderson, frank retallack, john adam, william kingston, post office mechanics, blacksmithing, technical art school building, gribble building, c.a. hoadley, milton williamson, r. m. serjeant, ken moss, harold brown, ponsonby carew smythe, rex cutter, f. king, h. elliott, r. williams, j.m. sutherland, donald clark, w.h. middleton, w.k. bolton -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Ballarat School of Mines Prospectus, 1905-6, 1906
16 page prospectus relating to the Ballarat School of Mines. non-fictionballarat school of mines, andrew anderson, john warrington rogers, r.t. vale, james bickett, james oddie, s.e. figgis, george fitches, f. herman, m. lindsay, j. lonie, richard maddern, h.a. nevett, i. pearce, r. scott, j.e. woolcott, j.t. mitchell, r.e. williams, henry cuthbert, thomas hart, charles kent, daniel walker, alfred mica smith, h.j. hall, charles deane, arthur garrard, valentine anderson, hubert murphy, hugo eklund, william tucker, w. figgis, a.e.c. kerr, john m. sutherland, j.f> usher, charles e. campbell, mining engineering, associateship, metallurgy, geology, electrical engineering, assayer -
Federation University Historical Collection
Letter, Inward Correspondence to the Ballarat School of Mines, 1910, 08/1910
Inward Correspondence to the Ballarat School of Mines, August 1910letterhead, education department, gordon, c. brennan, l. eddy, state forests commission, edwin feild, royal victorian institute of architects, the steel company of australia, james martyn, clarke & co, ludwig alberti, scarsdale, thomas m. jude, justinian oxenham, clara davidson, robert davidson, j. roberts, h.b. silberberg & co, l. gilbert, macquarie steam brick yards, james dewar, r.j. flowerday, staffirdshire reef, john wilesmouth, bank of new south wales, victoria silicate brick company ltd, t.s. huggins, george f. roughhead, federal store, legislative assembly, andrew mckissock, city of ballarat, r. e. williams, ballarat school of mines battery assistant, edgar c. hurdsfield, bairnsdale school of mines, w. kingston, gordon technical college, h.l. langdon & co., felton grimwade, f.f. brunn, bendigo school of mines, gold buyers bill, chaffey salmon & dunne, h.j. thwaites, cobar, henry leahy, h. blyth, s. radcliff, archie buchanan, launceston, fairthorne and sons, sloanes and scotchmans united quartz mining company, james eton, albert bradford, 109 lyons st north -
Federation University Historical Collection
Letter, Inward Correspondence to the Ballarat School of Mines, 1910, 08/1910
Inward Correspondence to the Ballarat School of Mines, August 1910letterhead, education department, roland graham, coleraine, m. carew, row brothers, mount gambier, joseph row, r. blackburn, max kohl, wilfred p. avery, jubilee hall, broken hill, frederick e. barclay, pharmacy board victoria, harry shinningham, hobson's gold mining company, macquarie steam brick yards, james dewar, henrey sotheran & co, piccadilly, london, salop, thomas parker, frank tate, dressmaking, steiglitz, telegram, postcard, lahasa fiji, r. palmerf, church of england grammar school of girls, f. abrams, radium hill, welcome gold mine, stanley b. white, new golden gate gold mining company, n.j. wise, h.g. taylor, kout morrien harrow, l.f. fairthorne & sons, h.b. silberberg & co, skipton, henry f. hull, birthday tunnel company, l. hansen, victorian railways, edmund c. earles, lawrence, r. welesteo, wellington cyanide works, clunes, octavius williams, h.j. thwaites, tolarno station, gilbert pa, gilbert palmer, wool sorting, r.j. webster, w.a.t. davies, henry markwald, e. rolland