As part of the push to cut electricity costs and diversify supply, the Victorian Government (circa 1930) implemented the conversion strategy from mainly brown coal supply to hydro - electricity. The Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme became the largest scheme of its kind in the State Of Victoria and the second largest scheme in Australia. This dam was constructed to supply water to feed four turbines (62 mega watts) at the West Kiewa Power Station. This was at the forefront of sustainable "Green" energy. Costs associated with power supplies is still a major incentive of governments, however environmentally friendly alternatives such as wind and nuclear have also made inroads. The Kiewa valley and its surrounding alpine catchment were looked at(Victorian State Government), from the beginning of the twentieth century as a source of alternate power for an every increasing demand for electricity by growing population and heavy industrial ares within Melbourne City and State regions. Construction of dams, such as Clover Dam provided the large quantity holding areas of water required to turn the turbines at the various power stations to provide the electricity needed. The impact of these controls by moderating water run off from the alpine regions is beneficial in reducing flooding from thawing of snow on the alps. This by-product allows agriculture and grazing to be less vulnerable to seasonal flooding thereby resulting in a more stable annual production level.Reproduction (scanned) of a black and white photo of Clover Dam circa 1940. The paper used is KodakXtraLife II paperThe reverse side of photo " KodakXtraLife II paperdams, pondage, hydro electricity, power stations, clover dam, secv

Used at Orbost railway station for the consignment of goods/freight, in this case, timber to Westall. The Bairnsdale-Orbost railway was opened in 1916 to serve the agricultural and timber industry. Because of the decline in traffic and heavy operating costs, the line was finally closed in August, 1987. Orbost Railway Station was opened on Monday 10 April 1916 as the terminus of the Orbost railway line, and closed in 1987. The station was located on the west side of the Snowy River despite the town of Orbost being on the east side of the river, in order to save on the costs of a bridge over the river, which at the time had highly variable levels. This item is associated with the history of the Orbost-Bairnsdale railway line and therefore reflects the role that the rail line played in the social and economic history of Orbost.An unused brown/buff coloured goods/freight consignment envelope used by Victorian Railways, this one for timber from Orbost to Westall. 2498-78 VICTORIAN RAILWAYS From ORBOST to WESTALL Contents TIMBER railway-history orbost-bairnsdale-railway

Used at Orbost Railway Station, possibly by the Station Master, between 1944 and 1984. The Bairnsdale-Orbost railway was opened in 1916 to serve the agricultural and timber industry. Because of the decline in traffic and heavy operating costs, the line was finally closed in August, 1987. Orbost Railway Station was opened on Monday 10 April 1916 as the terminus of the Orbost railway line, and closed in 1987. The station was located on the west side of the Snowy River despite the town of Orbost being on the east side of the river, in order to save on the costs of a bridge over the river, which at the time had highly variable levels. This item is associated with the history of the Orbost-Bairnsdale railway line and therefore reflects the role that the rail line played in the social and economic history of Orbost.Book with a red cover. On the front cover VICTORIAN RAILWAYS Audit Inspectors Remarks Book, Orbost. Inside are numbered and lined pages with hand written information dating from 28/3/1944-13/8/1984, dated and signed by various station masters. Cover has a section missing from the bottom left.VICTORIAN RAILWAYS Audit Inspectors Remarks Book, Orbost.railway-history orbost-bairnsdale-railway

This item was used by Victorian Railways in 1980's. It was inserted onto the side of railway freight wagons. The Bairnsdale-Orbost railway was opened in 1916 to serve the agricultural and timber industry. Because of the decline in traffic and heavy operating costs, the line was finally closed in August, 1987. Orbost Railway Station was opened on Monday 10 April 1916 as the terminus of the Orbost railway line, and closed in 1987. The station was located on the west side of the Snowy River despite the town of Orbost being on the east side of the river, in order to save on the costs of a bridge over the river, which at the time had highly variable levels This item is associated with the history of the Orbost-Bairnsdale railway line and therefore reflects the role that the rail line played in the social and economic history of Orbost.A double -sided rectangular shaped label / sign, heavily laminated.Black print on light brown background. On one side : "MASS 31 tonnes LOADED; FROM NOWA NOWA; LIMESTONE TO APM SIDING; TRARALGON". On reverse : "EMPTY FROM TRARALGON; TO APM LIMESTONE SIDING ; NOWA NOWA".freight orbost-bairnsdale-railway

New Birds Reef Consolidated G. M. Co. N. L. to Miss G. Alice Jones. Pink paper dated August 1 to October 1923. re Sievers. To costs herein as arranged with Manager £3.3.0. "r338 Delivered by KD 4-12-23" written in the top left corner.miss g. alice jones - solicitor - account, new birds reef consolidated g. m. co n l, sievers

Mount Quamby G. M. Co. N.L. to Miss G. Alice Jones. Pink paper dated September Sept. 10 1925 and 15/2/24. Account for attending Mr. Palmer advising and costs of extraordinary meeting as agreed. Cost £4.4.0. R344 Delivered by HD 15-2-24.miss g. alice jones collection - account, mount quamby g m co n l, mr palmer

Front page of The Courier, Ballarat, Tuesday December 11, 1995 featuring the comment by Peter Hiscock director of Sovereign Hill , that federal refusal to fund the project would not halt the proposal. Article by Ian Haberfield. Features a photo of Peter Hiscock. Comments about costs, benefits of the project, and that the trams will be cherished by the community.trams, tramways, peter hiscock, ballarat city tramway, ballarat revival

Blue paper, handwritten document. Account rendered by Messrs Barry and Hayes, Trustees of the Will of Jane Anderson deceased, in account with Bewell, Attenborough, Wilks, Connelly . Re Yourselves to Cahill. Amounts listed for rates, water, perusal fee, costs of disposal and settlement. Total: 39 pounds, 18 shillings and 3 pence.

Provides information on the use of myki on Melbourne public transport, actual costs (2024), types of myki, free travel zone for trains in the Melbourne CBD, myki explorer for visitors and touching on and off, including registrying your myki.Yields information about the myki card for 2024.Pamphlet - 5 fold DL on recycled paper.public transport, tramways, myki, fares, tickets

This journal shows payments made for a number of Council and community expenses. It includes entries relating to Town Hall, Botanic gardens, Parks, road costs, baths, beach improvements, Warrnambool Racing Club. It shows account transfer journals Provides an overview of expenses of Council in the early 20th century.Dark blue water wave fabric over card with light brown points and binding. Red leather label with gold text and border. Pages edged in pink green, yellow and white pattern. 102 Pages.Journal Town of Warrnambooltown of warrnambool 1914-1926, warrnambool expenses 1920, warrnambool town hall, warrnambool baths

The document was written by Paul Mees of the Public Transport Users Association, about the introduction and use of an automated ticketing system and fares, including costs, conductors, staffing, and funding public transport. Undated, prior to Metcard being introduced, c1992.Yields information about issues with a new ticketing system from the PTUA perspective.Document - four A4 sheets - was stapled.tramways, metcard, tickets, ptua, ticketing

Postal Parcel Balance Scales - circular face with weights and costs around circumference - encased in heavy metal frame with ornate pattern around the triangular foot - oblong flat tin tray balanced on top - painted white with black markings on the face - single black metal hand in centre to show weight etc.In centre of face: "POSTAL PARCEL BALANCE" / SALTER'S "Salter" over emblem showing arrow through knotted rope / 11 LB'S BY 1 OZscales, postal

This is a photograph of a railway camp, set up to house workers and their families when building the Bairnsdale to Orbost Railway in 1916. The Bairnsdale-Orbost railway was opened in 1916 to serve the agricultural and timber industry. Because of the decline in traffic and heavy operating costs, the line was finally closed in August, 1987. Orbost Railway Station was opened on Monday 10 April 1916 as the terminus of the Orbost railway line, and closed in 1987. The station was located on the west side of the Snowy River despite the town of Orbost being on the east side of the river, in order to save on the costs of a bridge over the river, which at the time had highly variable levels.This item is associated with the history of the Orbost-Bairnsdale railway line and therefore reflects the role that the rail line played in the social and economic history of Orbost.A black / white photograph of a campsite kitchen. The kitchen is outside against a roughly constructed hut. There are three women preparing food. Two men are drinking from tin mugs. a small child is crawling on the ground and another is seated.on back - "Railway Camp"orbost-railway newmerella-railway-camp transport

Flavour of Eltham contains recipes and other items collected by friends of the Shillinglaw Cottage. The book was published and used as a well supported fund raiser for the costs involved in the rebuilding of Shillinglaw Cottage [to its present day site behind Eltham Library].120 p., spiral bound, brown print and illus. on whitepaper. 2 copies.Copy 2 - pages 1-8 missing, Front cover misbound with back cover.shillinglaw cottage, eltham, recipe books

The Bairnsdale-Orbost railway was opened in 1916 to serve the agricultural and timber industry. Because of the decline in traffic and heavy operating costs, the line was finally closed in August, 1987. The closure of this railway was a controversial issue at the time with many public protests in the district. These articles are contemporary record of a significant event in Orbost history.Three articles relating to the closure of the Bairnsdale - Orbost Railway in 1987. They are from the Snowy River Mail and The News. They contain photographs, news articles and the history of the line and its closure. orbost-bairnsdale-railway east-gippsland-railway snowy-river-mail

Set of two Newspaper clippings about the public transport and political and financial issues, both The Age 14/6/1992 .1 - Front page of The Sunday Age, "If you drink and drive, you're a bloody tram driver", written by Tony Parkinson, with a photo by Wayne Ludbey of a driver with a stubbie in hand at the Albert Park terminus. Item about this and the financial performance of the system and the operational aspect of crew management. .2 - "Taking Victoria for a ride"- Tony Parkinson - looking at the performance of the Labor Government in addressing Victorian public transport operations and costs, including the railways, unions, the Premier John Cain, Transport Ministers Steve Crabb, Tom Roper, Jim Kennan and Peter Spyker's attempts and problems of the era. PTC, costs.trams, tramways, operations, transport, public transport, unions, finances, redundancies, transport minister

Report - blue Rexene cloth heavy card covers, dark blue glued end sheets, fully sewn bound, with some 9 sections, with many sheets folded and appropriate paper spacing allowed for in the binding. Report titled "MMTB The ALL-ELECTRIC TRAMCAR" with MMTB logo in gold block on front cover and on the side of the report. About 150 pages. Report prepared by Frank R. Kirby Chief Engineer, December 1961. Has a table of Contents, Appendices, figures, tables and photographs. Report looks at the development of All Electric Tramcars in Europe and North America, the cost of maintenance of Melbourne's trams, operating costs, conductors, seated conductors, passenger handling, reliability, speeds, maintenance and capital costs.Has a lable on the first page, "Plan & EPA Library M0036918", Front cover stamped in red "Secretary's Files"trams, tramways, mmtb, pcc, germany, europe, all electric trams, prototype tramcar

Diggers & Mining. Stores at the diggings. The following frame contains an extract from the book ''Victoria-Late Australia Felix'' by the Victorian historian William Westgarth, which was published in 1853. This extract describes the effect or rising cartage costs on prices at the diggings in the winter of 1852. Markings: 39 994.LIF. 5. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Bendigo Amalgamated Goldfield Ltd. To Miss G. Alice Jones. Re Sale to Sheepshead Co. Pink paper dated Aug 10 to 15 1932 and 23/11/1932. Account is for instructions, letters and work related to sale of land. Costs £2.12.6. "B563 posted LB 23.11.32" written in the top left corner.the miss g. alice jones collection - account, bendigo amalgamated goldfields ltd, sheepshead co

North Virginia Gold Mining Company N. L. to Miss G. Alice Jones. Pink paper dated Aug 14 to Sep 6, 1933, and 8 Nov 1933. Millett to you. Details costs of transfer. Total cost £4.8.0. "R581 del 8/11/33" written in the top left corner.miss g alice jones - solicitor - account, north virginia gold mining company n l, millett

Folder - Press Pack, containing 10 sheets of light card about the Night Network trial that was to commenced on 1/1/2016. Provides information on the proposed 1 year trial (which was continued), trains, buses, trams, coaches, maps, costs, security and locations of the services in the CBD area. Published by the PTV 12/2015.trams, tramways, night trams, public transport, ptv, buses, railways, all night services

Used by station staff on the Bairnsdale to Orbost railway line which closed in 1987. The Bairnsdale-Orbost railway was opened in 1916 to serve the agricultural and timber industry. Because of the decline in traffic and heavy operating costs, the line was finally closed in August, 1987.This item is associated with the history of the Orbost-Bairnsdale railway line and therefore reflects the role that the rail line played in the social and economic history of Orbost.Three stamps used by Victorian Railways, for WAYGARA, BRUTHEN, and ORBOST stations. All stamps have black painted handles. The stamp is made of rubber and the handles are wood.WAYGARA BRUTHEN ORBOSTrailway-stamp railway-history orbost-railway-line

This box was used by Lindsay Thomson's mother, Annie M. Thomson for the transport of hen eggs from Orbost to Melbourne by rail - C 1940's -1950's. The Bairnsdale-Orbost railway was opened in 1916 to serve the agricultural and timber industry. Because of the decline in traffic and heavy operating costs, the line was finally closed in August, 1987. Orbost Railway Station was opened on Monday 10 April 1916 as the terminus of the Orbost railway line, and closed in 1987. The station was located on the west side of the Snowy River despite the town of Orbost being on the east side of the river, in order to save on the costs of a bridge over the river, which at the time had highly variable levels. This item is associated with the history of the Orbost-Bairnsdale railway line and therefore reflects the role that the rail line played in the social and economic history of Orbost. A wooden box with two inside sections and a wooden lid which is secured on both ends by large nails/spikes which are fitted into a groove and are then turned. On front and back in black stencilled letters A M T O B container railway eggs

Has a strong association with the person who created the document and his viewpointsPamphlet - photocopied onto fragile heat sensitive paper - now brown - foolscap sheet, titled "Ballarat and Bendigo Tramways Must Go" Issued by R J Nowell of 15 Selwyn St Elsternwick in the interest of better public transport. Seeks better transport in both cities, gives his reasons for such a move, the loss incurred by the SEC. Even suggests horse trams would be cheaper to operate. Undated - has a hand written note regarding it being received at a SEC office on Monday 4/9. Monday 4/9 occurred during 1961 and 1967. Note the Melbourne Tram Museum has a Melbourne tram map prepared by the same person at Selwyn St Elsternwick - see their Reg Item 1381. trams, tramways, closure, pamphlets, ballarat, bendigo, costs, safety

Photocopies of an article written by Bob Prentice made by Alan Bradley in relation to the use of Fare Tokens by the Electric Supply Co. of Victoria - See Reg. Item 1794. Photocopies made 18.07.2001. Photocopy of the article from his collection. Comprises three sheets stapled together in top left hand corner. Article contains details of the use of tokens, colours of discs or lights used on trams while running on the various routes, fares, sections, fare box operation, and when and where tokens were issued. Includes a photograph of Barkly St. looking South from the fire station tower. Also gives details of tokens in use, cost of manufacture from other materials (Haxite and Crystalate) and the number in circulation. Has copy of an advertisement for the Southern Cross Hotel, S.A. Brabner, Proprietor, notes that all trams STOP. See Reg. Item 2514 for H.P. James notes on the token system.Parts of letter have been highlighted by Alan re tokens and other interesting points.trams, tramways, tokens, fares, tickets, esco, southern cross hotel, costs

Set of two memos - carbon copies on quarto paper - from the Publicity Officer to the Chairman regarding the financial returns for both the "St Kilda Brighton Beach and Sandringham - Black Rock Tramway". .1 - dated 24/8/1950 - discussing the financial returns and passengers on both lines. Based on information from the Annual Reports. .2 - dated 1/9/1950 - based on confidential information, insufficient profit to justify and patronage not growing with population growth.Signed or initialled by Lewis Russell.trams, tramways, vr, st kilda brighton, sandringham, black rock, financial statements, costs

Transcript of Evidence given to the Parliamentary Committee of Accounts by Mr W O Strangward, Secretary to the MMTB 13/9/1927 - in response to the question "What would be the extra cost to the public if motor buses were substituted for the existing tramways?" Looks at Fare Revenue, operating cost per vehicle mile, relative average speeds, number of tram and bus miles required to carry 224,000,000 passengers, standing passengers and capacity. Notes that 2.25 buses would be required to replace each existing tramcar. Examines Annual Operating cost for both forms, capital outlay including provision for spares, amortization of the present tramway debt and cost of roads. Has a financial summary showing the additional cost would be 1.878,500 pounds to run buses requiriing a fare increase of 75%. Conclusions also note that there is a place for buses on light routes, petrol or diesel production in Australia and accidents.Yields information about the cost of running buses in Melbourne instead of trams based on 1927 information.Set of nine duplicated foolscap sheets secured by a foldable brass clip in top left hand corner.trams, tramways, bus replacement, buses, parliament, evidence, mr strangward, costs

Booklet titled - "Instructions to Motormen and Conducotrs of Efficient Operation of Tramcars and Tramcar Equipments", published in 1920 by the MMTB Eastern Systems (Hawthorn, Kew and Malvern depots) about the operation of tramcar controllers, speeds, cost of power, stopping times, brakes, delays, and a table showing where tramcars should be operated in series on down grades and where to coast. All to save power. Has the logo of the printer on the back page.Demonstrates a MMTB publication of 1920 advising crew in tramcar operation and how to save electrical power.Booklet - 20 pages + blue cover, centre stapled.tramways, trams, eastern system, instructions, mmtb, tram controllers, power supply, costs