Diggers & Mining. Diggers and miners. A diggings, then, was not a permanent settlement, though the sites of some of the greatest diggings did become, through the later development of gold mining, the sites of important Victorian towns. Markings: 33 994:LIF I. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Diggers and miners. The untold story of the gradual development of gold mining in Victoria is told in more detail in Unit 9. But at present we just need to notice the distinction between diggers and miners. There were gold diggings and goldmines during the gold era; in this unit of these filmstrips we are concerned only with life and work on the diggings. Markings: 32 994:LIF I. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Diggers and miners. Quartz gold mine, Clunes, c. 1861- - - and in the quartz reefs. Slide shows that mining is done on a much grander scale than a pan by the river of shallow mines. It could now be a large industry for its times. Markings: 29 994:LIF I. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Diggers and miners. Alluvial gold mine, Ballarat, c. 1865. Gradually, mining became more completely industrialized both in the deeper alluvium - - - Slide shows the building at the mine, with the raised rails to take the rock raised from in the mine to be crushed to allow the gold to be extracted. The mine's flag is flying. Markings: 28 994:LIF I. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Diggers and miners. From the middle 1850's on, there was a gradual development of gold mining in Victoria. (Remember that while the first stage of this, development was going on, tens of thousands of diggers were still working on old diggings, or rushing new fields. See earlier maps.) The first ''mines'' were small affairs, - - - Markings: 25 994:LIF I. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Chinese on the goldfeild. Gold. The census of 1854 showed only, 2,341 Chinese in Victoria, but it was taken at a time when their numbers were increasing rapidly. In 1854, 4,920 Chinese arrived by sea in small, over-crowded vessels; and 11,289 came in 1855. Many pictures drawn by Gill in 1854 and 1855 show Chinese on the goldfields. Markings: 9 994.GOL. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Stores at the diggings. Stores at the Ararat diggings, c. 1855. From the original in the Dixon Gallery, Public Library of NSW. Slide depicts the scene at the goldfields with the Commissioners huts and in the background there are other buildings. On the Gold field there is a man on a horse, a man with a heavily laden cart being pulled by 4 ox. Some men are working in the gully for gold, panning, using cradle. In the front centre at the bottom is the head and shoulders of a man with an axe digging out his mine. There are also some dogs in the picture and a tent in the front right corner. Markings: 12 994.LIF. 5. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining: The Digging - The Diggers. Slide: ''Township of Ballarat from Bath's Hotel'' (1855) - looking along the present Lydiard Street. Shows the hustle and bustle of the towns that have grown from gold. Black and white side. Markings: 41 994.LIF:6. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining: The Digging - The Diggers. Slide; When a Gold field shows signs of permanency, the Government surveyed a site for a township on the field. The story of the rise of these towns is told in Unit II of this series. Smalll businesses - some of them conducted by diggers who had done well on the fields - were established in these towns. The following frames contain pictures of some of these early goldfields towns. Black and white side. Markings: 40 994.LIF:6. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining: The Digging - The Diggers. Slide is a continuation of 1802.85 slide: States that the Gold Office was built of broad palings that could easily be kicked to pieces by a good stout fellow. Previously it had been transported to Melbourne under guard, now upwards of half a million was kept here (Bendigo and Fyers Creek), and diggers slept within a few yards of it. Melbourne Morning Herald 15 Oct, 1853. Black and white side. Markings: 39 994.LIF:6. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining: The Digging - The Diggers. Slide tells of the white tents pitched closely together against the dark forest trees, and how still the area is as the miners and store keeps are asleep in their beds. Two sentries in the camp are the only movement as they pace back and forward before the Gold Office. Black and white side. Markings: 38 994.LIF:6. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining: The Digging - The Diggers. Slide depicts 4 men inside a tent examining their days work and 2 men and a dog out side the tent. A cradle beside the tent. Caption reads; Examining the day's work'. The day's work was examined, and all gold won was carefully secreted. Black and white side. Markings: 33 994.LIF:6. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining: The Digging - The Diggers. Slide depicts miners relaxing back at the camp site. Puddling machine, gold pan, shovel and other items needed by miners, there is also a tent. Not many trees. Markings: 31 994.LIF:6. Used as a teaching aid.Hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Stores at the diggings. STG Victorian Gold Fields 1852-3 ?? Shanty. Sly Grog Shanty. Some small diggings stores were virtually sly grog shanties. From 1851 to 1853, it was illegal to sell liquor on the diggings. Slide shows tent selling 'SOUPS COFFEE and other drinks, Meals'. Slide shows people being served, a dog sleeping in a barrel, a fire in front of the tent with miners and a dog. A tree to the right being used as a billboard. Markings: 31 994.LIF. 5. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Stores at the diggings. STG. Fryer's Creek, Castlemaine, 1852. Several doctors established lucrative practices on the diggings. Slide shows Dr BUNCE GOLD BOUGHT along with other timber buildings, tents, oxen pulling a dray and miners. Dr Prshaii's Camp can be seen along the bottom of the slide. Markings: 25 994.LIF. 5. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: The evils of shepherding soon became obvious; shepherds often prospered by the ruin of parties who really worked their claims. The Ballarat diggers, through their local Court, abolished shepherding in 1855, and instituted a complicated 'frontage' system which, in effect, guaranteed the diggers who went to the expense and hardship of sinking a shaft the right to work a section of the lead. Markings: 58 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: In this respect, Ballarat resembled a great mercantile exchange, where whole, half, and quarter shares, besides minuter fractions, were continually being bought and sold, at rates that incessantly varied with the latest reports, either from the shaft itself . . . Or from such of its close vicinities as might be supposed to affect the direction or richness of the lead. This system tended greatly to equalise the uncertainties of deep sinking. It also enabled those who had spare means to invest them wit probable advantage in these shares, and this furnish the requisite capital to their poorer neighbours, by which these were in a position to meet the heavy preliminary expenses of deep sinking . . . (From the book 'Victoria in 1857' by William Westgarth.) Markings: 57 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: A common practice among shepherding parties was to sell shares in their claims when the probability of the lead trending into them rendered such shares valuable. The next frame contains an extract from a book, 'Victoria in 1857', by the early Victorian historian, William Westgarth. Markings: 56 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: diagram depicts Shepherd claims. These parties sinking. Parties working the lead. - - - in whatever direction they thought the lead might trend. Markings: 52 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: This led to the practice of ''shepherding'' which was particularly widespread at Ballarat from 1853 to 1855. When a lead had been found, parties quickly marked out claims in advance of the furthest point at which the gutter was being worked - - - Markings: 51 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: Sinking a shaft to a depth of 100 or 200 feet was a long, laborious and expensive job. But the big difficulty was that the course of the lead could not be ascertained, or even accurately guessed at, until a shaft had been sunk. When deep sinking began, many diggers did weeks of useless work, sinking a shaft down to where they thought the course of the lead lay, only to find that it was not there at all. Markings: 50 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: Deep sinking was dangerous work; the shaft was, of course, timbered, nevertheless shafts sometimes caved in, and in this way diggers were often injured, and sometimes killed. Markings: 47 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: A whim and horse-puddling machine (location unknown). Do you remember Edward Dyson's poem 'The Old Whim Horse'? Shows miners at work and puddling machine being worked by horse. Markings: 46 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: This picture of a creek at Ballarat (1854) shows some of these new methods in operation. Markings: 45 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: Working The Long Tom. . . . .while the small cradle was replaced by a much larger type: the ''Long Tom''. Picture shows 2 men working the Long Tom. Markings: 44 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide:Horse Puddling Machine, Forest Creek, 1855. Thus a horse puddling ''machine'' replaced the puddling tub. Slide: shows horse puddling machine in action. Markings: 43 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: Deep sinking was soon fairly general on the earlier fields, it was adopted immediately by more experienced diggers. Along with the development of deep sinking went the introduction of devices to allow of the treatment ''stuff'' in larger quantities. Markings: 42 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: This very old photograph - it was taken in the 1850s shows diggers at Mount Alexander working deep shafts. Photo shows how close the mining sites were. Markings: 41 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: This picture (by Gill) Shows deep sinking at Newstead, near Castlemaine, in the middle 1850's. Picture shows miners puddling and panning for gold, awnings erected over mine shafts in the background. Markings: 40 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.haniomunteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: In the early 1850s, Ballarat was the most important field for deep sinking. But in the later years of the decade, the diggers were working important leads on many other fields; e.g., Maryborough, Dunolly, Ararat, Indigo, Amherst, and McIvor. Markings: 39 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields