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Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Kew Arts Festival Exhibition, 1944-1951
The Melbourne artist Alma Agnes Marion Figuerola, was the daughter of Juan Pedro Narciso Figuerola (1869-1919) and Alice Lucinda Walker Hanson (1889-1969). Each of their three daughters grew up to be involved in the arts: Alma as a painter; Carmen Irene (1906-1993) as a short story writer, poet and teacher of dancing; and Sylvia (also Silvia) Lyla Alice (1911-1992) as a composer and cellist. The first art lessons Alma Figuerola received were with Oscar Binder. Later she attended the art school established by the Melbourne 'tonalist' [Duncan] Max Meldrum (1875-1955). She graduated from his school in 1920, participating in her first group exhibition in the same year. Solo exhibitions of her work were to be held in 1933 at the Meldrum Gallery in Elizabeth Street, in 1937 and 1945 at the Athenaeum Gallery at 188 Collins Street, and in 1951 at Georges Gallery in Collins Street. Throughout her extensive career she participated in group exhibitions, usually with artists of the Meldrum School, and as a member of the Twenty Melbourne Painters, of which she was invited to become an associate in 1935. In 1953, her portrait of Professor ES Hills was entered in the Archibald Prize Competition of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. A resident of Kew from the 1930s - 51 Studley Park Road, often with her mother, her sister Carmen, or both - from c.1942 until her death she lived at 'D’Estaville', 7 Barry Street. From the late 1930s she is recorded as actively contributing to the arts at a local level. In 1939 and 1940 she participated in art exhibitions at the Hawthorn Municipal Library organised by Jessie Carbines. From 1944 to 1951 she co-organised successive Kew Arts Festivals, initially in the Presbyterian Church Hall in Highbury Grove and later at the Recreation Hall in Wellington Street. A foundation member of the Kew Historical Society in 1958, Alma Figuerola remained an active member of the Society until her death on 8 December 1970. She predeceased her two sisters who both died in the 1990s and who are buried at Andersons' Creek Cemetery in Warrandyte.An undated photograph of Alma Figuerola and an as yet unidentified man hanging paintings for an art exhibition at one of the Kew Arts Festivals held between 1944-51.arists - kew (vic), art exhibitions - kew (vic), alma figuerola -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Kew Arts Festival Exhibition, 1944-1951
The Melbourne artist Alma Agnes Marion Figuerola, was the daughter of Juan Pedro Narciso Figuerola (1869-1919) and Alice Lucinda Walker Hanson (1889-1969). Each of their three daughters grew up to be involved in the arts: Alma as a painter; Carmen Irene (1906-1993) as a short story writer, poet and teacher of dancing; and Sylvia (also Silvia) Lyla Alice (1911-1992) as a composer and cellist. The first art lessons Alma Figuerola received were with Oscar Binder. Later she attended the art school established by the Melbourne 'tonalist' [Duncan] Max Meldrum (1875-1955). She graduated from his school in 1920, participating in her first group exhibition in the same year. Solo exhibitions of her work were to be held in 1933 at the Meldrum Gallery in Elizabeth Street, in 1937 and 1945 at the Athenaeum Gallery at 188 Collins Street, and in 1951 at Georges Gallery in Collins Street. Throughout her extensive career she participated in group exhibitions, usually with artists of the Meldrum School, and as a member of the Twenty Melbourne Painters, of which she was invited to become an associate in 1935. In 1953, her portrait of Professor ES Hills was entered in the Archibald Prize Competition of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. A resident of Kew from the 1930s - 51 Studley Park Road, often with her mother, her sister Carmen, or both - from c.1942 until her death she lived at 'D’Estaville', 7 Barry Street. From the late 1930s she is recorded as actively contributing to the arts at a local level. In 1939 and 1940 she participated in art exhibitions at the Hawthorn Municipal Library organised by Jessie Carbines. From 1944 to 1951 she co-organised successive Kew Arts Festivals, initially in the Presbyterian Church Hall in Highbury Grove and later at the Recreation Hall in Wellington Street. A foundation member of the Kew Historical Society in 1958, Alma Figuerola remained an active member of the Society until her death on 8 December 1970. She predeceased her two sisters who both died in the 1990s and who are buried at Andersons' Creek Cemetery in Warrandyte.An undated photograph of Alma Figuerola and an as yet unidentified man hanging paintings for an art exhibition at one of the Kew Arts Festivals held between 1944-51.alma figuerola album, arists - kew (vic), art exhibitions - kew (vic) -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, The Age, Kew Arts Festival Exhibition, 1944-1951
The Melbourne artist Alma Agnes Marion Figuerola, was the daughter of Juan Pedro Narciso Figuerola (1869-1919) and Alice Lucinda Walker Hanson (1889-1969). Each of their three daughters grew up to be involved in the arts: Alma as a painter; Carmen Irene (1906-1993) as a short story writer, poet and teacher of dancing; and Sylvia (also Silvia) Lyla Alice (1911-1992) as a composer and cellist. The first art lessons Alma Figuerola received were with Oscar Binder. Later she attended the art school established by the Melbourne 'tonalist' [Duncan] Max Meldrum (1875-1955). She graduated from his school in 1920, participating in her first group exhibition in the same year. Solo exhibitions of her work were to be held in 1933 at the Meldrum Gallery in Elizabeth Street, in 1937 and 1945 at the Athenaeum Gallery at 188 Collins Street, and in 1951 at Georges Gallery in Collins Street. Throughout her extensive career she participated in group exhibitions, usually with artists of the Meldrum School, and as a member of the Twenty Melbourne Painters, of which she was invited to become an associate in 1935. In 1953, her portrait of Professor ES Hills was entered in the Archibald Prize Competition of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. A resident of Kew from the 1930s - 51 Studley Park Road, often with her mother, her sister Carmen, or both - from c.1942 until her death she lived at 'D’Estaville', 7 Barry Street. From the late 1930s she is recorded as actively contributing to the arts at a local level. In 1939 and 1940 she participated in art exhibitions at the Hawthorn Municipal Library organised by Jessie Carbines. From 1944 to 1951 she co-organised successive Kew Arts Festivals, initially in the Presbyterian Church Hall in Highbury Grove and later at the Recreation Hall in Wellington Street. A foundation member of the Kew Historical Society in 1958, Alma Figuerola remained an active member of the Society until her death on 8 December 1970. She predeceased her two sisters who both died in the 1990s and who are buried at Andersons' Creek Cemetery in Warrandyte.An undated photograph of Alma Figuerola and an as yet unidentified man hanging paintings for an art exhibition at one of the Kew Arts Festivals held between 1944-51.arists - kew (vic), art exhibitions - kew (vic), alma figuerola -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, The Age, Kew Arts Festival Exhibition, 1944-1951
The Melbourne artist Alma Agnes Marion Figuerola, was the daughter of Juan Pedro Narciso Figuerola (1869-1919) and Alice Lucinda Walker Hanson (1889-1969). Each of their three daughters grew up to be involved in the arts: Alma as a painter; Carmen Irene (1906-1993) as a short story writer, poet and teacher of dancing; and Sylvia (also Silvia) Lyla Alice (1911-1992) as a composer and cellist. The first art lessons Alma Figuerola received were with Oscar Binder. Later she attended the art school established by the Melbourne 'tonalist' [Duncan] Max Meldrum (1875-1955). She graduated from his school in 1920, participating in her first group exhibition in the same year. Solo exhibitions of her work were to be held in 1933 at the Meldrum Gallery in Elizabeth Street, in 1937 and 1945 at the Athenaeum Gallery at 188 Collins Street, and in 1951 at Georges Gallery in Collins Street. Throughout her extensive career she participated in group exhibitions, usually with artists of the Meldrum School, and as a member of the Twenty Melbourne Painters, of which she was invited to become an associate in 1935. In 1953, her portrait of Professor ES Hills was entered in the Archibald Prize Competition of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. A resident of Kew from the 1930s - 51 Studley Park Road, often with her mother, her sister Carmen, or both - from c.1942 until her death she lived at 'D’Estaville', 7 Barry Street. From the late 1930s she is recorded as actively contributing to the arts at a local level. In 1939 and 1940 she participated in art exhibitions at the Hawthorn Municipal Library organised by Jessie Carbines. From 1944 to 1951 she co-organised successive Kew Arts Festivals, initially in the Presbyterian Church Hall in Highbury Grove and later at the Recreation Hall in Wellington Street. A foundation member of the Kew Historical Society in 1958, Alma Figuerola remained an active member of the Society until her death on 8 December 1970. She predeceased her two sisters who both died in the 1990s and who are buried at Andersons' Creek Cemetery in Warrandyte.An undated photograph of Alma Figuerola and an as yet unidentified man hanging paintings for an art exhibition at one of the Kew Arts Festivals held between 1944-51.On reverse, handwritten "4583 Alma Figuerola" Photographer stamp" Copy Right This photograph may not be reproduced without permission in writing from the Editor of "The Age", *** Collins Street, Melbourne, and Pitt Street, Sydney"alma figuerola album, arists - kew (vic), art exhibitions - kew (vic) -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Alma Figuerola, 1950
The Melbourne artist Alma Agnes Marion Figuerola, was the daughter of Juan Pedro Narciso Figuerola (1869-1919) and Alice Lucinda Walker Hanson (1889-1969). Each of their three daughters grew up to be involved in the arts: Alma as a painter; Carmen Irene (1906-1993) as a short story writer, poet and teacher of dancing; and Sylvia (also Silvia) Lyla Alice (1911-1992) as a composer and cellist. The first art lessons Alma Figuerola received were with Oscar Binder. Later she attended the art school established by the Melbourne 'tonalist' [Duncan] Max Meldrum (1875-1955). She graduated from his school in 1920, participating in her first group exhibition in the same year. Solo exhibitions of her work were to be held in 1933 at the Meldrum Gallery in Elizabeth Street, in 1937 and 1945 at the Athenaeum Gallery at 188 Collins Street, and in 1951 at Georges Gallery in Collins Street. Throughout her extensive career she participated in group exhibitions, usually with artists of the Meldrum School, and as a member of the Twenty Melbourne Painters, of which she was invited to become an associate in 1935. In 1953, her portrait of Professor ES Hills was entered in the Archibald Prize Competition of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. A resident of Kew from the 1930s - 51 Studley Park Road, often with her mother, her sister Carmen, or both - from c.1942 until her death she lived at 'D’Estaville', 7 Barry Street. From the late 1930s she is recorded as actively contributing to the arts at a local level. In 1939 and 1940 she participated in art exhibitions at the Hawthorn Municipal Library organised by Jessie Carbines. From 1944 to 1951 she co-organised successive Kew Arts Festivals, initially in the Presbyterian Church Hall in Highbury Grove and later at the Recreation Hall in Wellington Street. A foundation member of the Kew Historical Society in 1958, Alma Figuerola remained an active member of the Society until her death on 8 December 1970. She predeceased her two sisters who both died in the 1990s and who are buried at Andersons' Creek Cemetery in Warrandyte.Alma Figuerola and her pet pekingese dog 'Rebecca', circa 1950.alma figuerola album, arists - kew (vic), artists - meldrum school, occupants - 7 barry street - kew (vic) -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Plan - Subdivision Plan, Charteris Estate, East Ivanhoe, 1939
The Charteris Estate in Ivanhoe was sold in a number of sections. Copies of a subdivision plan of the first section is in the State Library of Victoria collection. This later section of the Charteris Estate includes lots in the Government Boulevard, Castella Street, McArthur Road, Burke Road North, Charteris Drive and Warncliff Road.Subdivision plans like that for the Charteris Estate are invaluable records for local historians identifying when lots in streets were promoted for sale.Four-fold brochure advertising the Charteris Estate in East Ivanhoe in 1939. Streets named on the plan include: the Government Boulevard, Castella Street, McArthur Road, Burke Road North, Charteris Drive and Warncliff Road. The brochure contains photos of Charterisville, the home of F De Castella Esq and also of attractive rolling hills. Annotations in pencilcharteris estate - east ivanhoe (vic), subdivision plans - east ivanhoe (vic) -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Plan - Subdivision Plan, Charteris Estate, East Ivanhoe, 1939
The Charteris Estate in Ivanhoe was sold in a number of sections. Copies of a subdivision plan of the first section is in the State Library of Victoria collection. This later section of the Charteris Estate includes lots in the Government Boulevard, Castella Street, McArthur Road, Burke Road North, Charteris Drive and Warncliff Road.Subdivision plans like that for the Charteris Estate are invaluable records for local historians identifying when lots in streets were promoted for sale.Four-fold brochure advertising the Charteris Estate in East Ivanhoe in 1939. Streets named on the plan include: the Government Boulevard, Castella Street, McArthur Road, Burke Road North, Charteris Drive and Warncliff Road. The brochure contains photos of Charterisville, the home of F De Castella Esq and also of attractive rolling hills. Annotations in pencilcharteris estate - east ivanhoe (vic), subdivision plans - east ivanhoe (vic) -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Jill Barnard, Boroondara's Yesterdays, 2009
... Kew Historical Society Inc 1 Civic Drive Kew melbourne ...An educational resource for Middle Years students about the history of the City of Boroondarav, 89 p. : ill., facsims., maps, ports. ; 30 cm. non-fictionAn educational resource for Middle Years students about the history of the City of Boroondaraboroondara - history - kew - hawthorn - canterbury - camberwell - surrey hills - ashburton -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Mary Ellis, People & Plants: A history of gardening in Victoria, 2003
Fish Creek., Victoria : Mary Ellis : c2003 172 p. : ill.(some col.)., ports. : 30 cm. non-fictiongardening - victoria - history, mary ellis, gardens -- victoria -- history., gardeners -- victoria -- biography. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Rosemary Sassoon, Keeping Chronicles: Preserving history through written memorabilia, 2010
... library maintained by the Kew Historical Society as a relevant...Kew Historical Society Inc 1 Civic Drive Kew melbourne ...160 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.non-fictionhistory - sources - preservation -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Judging Architecture: Issues, Divisions, Triumphs, Victorian Architecture awards 1929-2003, 2003
... to the reference library maintained by the Kew Historical Society...Kew Historical Society Inc 1 Civic Drive Kew melbourne ...Melbourne, Vic. : Royal Australian Institute of Architects, 2003 316 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. + poster (86 x 60 cm) non-fictionarchitecture - victoria - awards, architecture - history - victoria -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Dr Henry R Lew, Brodzky, 1987
... Brodzky by HR Lew has been added to the reference library...Kew Historical Society Inc 1 Civic Drive Kew melbourne ...Melbourne : H.R. Lew, 1987 68 p. : ill. (some col.), ports. ; 24 x 32 cm. non-fictionartists - kew (vic.), horace brodzky -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Mark Dunstan, In the Subbie Spirit: : One Hundred Years of the Victorian Sub-district Cricket Association, 2008
Mount Waverley, Vic. : Victortian Sub-District Cricket Association, 2008 iv, 124 p. : ill. (some col.), ports. ; 30 cm. non-fictioncricket - kew - victoria, victorian sub-district cricket association -- anniversaries, victorian sub-district cricket association -- history., cricket -- victoria -- history. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Elizabeth Mackie, The Artists of Kew, 1981
... .) artists -- victoria -- kew. elizabeth mackie Ex Library book [Kew ...[Kew, Vic.] : E. Mackie, c1981 12, [1] leaves ; 30 cm. non-fictionartists -- kew (vic.), artists -- victoria -- kew., elizabeth mackie -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Mavis Thorpe Clark, No Mean Destiny: The story of the War Widows Guild of Australia 1945-85, 1986
History of the War Widows Guild of AustraliaSouth Yarra, Vic. : Hyland House, 1986 xii, 288 p., [36] p. of plates : ill., facsims., ports. ; 25 cm. non-fictionHistory of the War Widows Guild of Australiawar widows -- australia -- societies and clubs -- history., war widows' guild of australia -- history. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Max Germaine, Artists and Galleries of Australia and New Zealand, 1979
Encyclopedia of Australian and New Zealand artists and galleriesSydney : Lansdowne Editions, 1979 646 p., 32 p. of col. plates ; 27 cm. non-fictionEncyclopedia of Australian and New Zealand artists and galleriesart -- australian -- dictionaries, art -- new zealand -- dictionaries -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, John Spierings, A Brush With History: The Painter's Union and the Australian Labour Movemen, 1994
History of the Painter's Union in AustraliaSouth Melbourne, Vic. : Hyland House, 1994 ix, 186 p., [8] p. of plates : ill. (some col.), ports, / 26 cm. non-fictionHistory of the Painter's Union in Australiaoperative painters and decorators union of australia -- history., labor unions -- painters -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Australian Military History Publications, Country Victoria's Own: 150-year history of the 8th/7th Battalion Royal Victoria Regiment and its predecessors 1858-2008, 2008
History of the 8th/7th Battalion and its predecessors 1858-2008Loftus, N.S.W. : Australian Military History Publications, 2008 xxi, 352 p. : ill., ports. ; 26 cm. History of the 8th/7th Battalion and its predecessors 1858-2008victoria -- armed forces -- history., victoria -- history, australia. army. royal victoria regiment. battalion 8th/7th -- history. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, A.E. Dingle, Vital Connections: Melbourne and its Board of Works 1891-1991, 1991
Ringwood, Vic. : McPhee Gribble, 1991 432 p. : ill. (some col.), maps, ports. ; 25 cm. non-fictionmelbourne and metropolitan board of works -- history., melbourne (vic.) -- public works -- history., cartography -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Macmillan, The Store on the Hill, 1979
Melbourne : Macmillan, 1979 200 p. : ill., facs., portrs. ; 29 cm. non-fictiongeorges australia limited., department stores -- victoria -- melbourne -- history. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Hordern House, Australian Rare Books 1788-1900, 1987
Reference guide to rare books published in and on Australia between 1788 and 1900; includes reference to major early works relating to Australian Aborigines.Potts Point, NSW : Hordern House, 1989-1992 3 parts : illustrations, facsimiles ; 24 cm non-fictionReference guide to rare books published in and on Australia between 1788 and 1900; includes reference to major early works relating to Australian Aborigines.rare books -- australia -- bibliography., books with australian imprints, 1788-1900 - bibliographies -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Mallon Publishing, A Home of My Own: Handy hints and images from domestic life in Australia in the 1940s and 1950s, 2001
vi, 130 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.non-fictionhome economics -- australia., home economics -- australia -- history. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, National Trust of Australia (NSW), Australian Silver 1800-1900, 1973
128 pages, 12 unnumbered pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.non-fictionsilverware -- australia., silverwork -- australia -- history -- 19th century. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Melbourne University Press, Governing the Metropolis: politics, technology and social change in a Victorian city - Melbourne, 1850-1891, 1984
Carlton, Vic. : Melbourne University Press, 1984 xvii, 362 p., [14] p. of plates : ill., facsims., maps, ports. ; 24 cm. non-fictionmelbourne metropolitan area (vic) -- politics and government -- 1851-1891., urbanization -- victoria -- melbourne. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Historical Records of Australian Science, The Scientific Savant in Nineteenth Century Australia, 1997
Scientific savant in nineteenth century Australia. 1996 commemorative conferences, Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Sunday 29th September to Saturday 5th October 1996 held at the University of Melbourne, the scientific savant in 19th century Australia, celebration of the life, times and legacy of Ferdinand von Mueller, program & abstracts23 pages : map ; 30 cm.non-fictionScientific savant in nineteenth century Australia. 1996 commemorative conferences, Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Sunday 29th September to Saturday 5th October 1996 held at the University of Melbourne, the scientific savant in 19th century Australia, celebration of the life, times and legacy of Ferdinand von Mueller, program & abstractsroyal botanic gardens - melbourne (vic.), ferdinand von mueller -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book - Brown Gouge clothes brush, Cambridge University Press, A History of Victoria, 2006
Originally published as 'Our side of the country' in 1984 and in 1992. "For this third edition there has been extensive rewriting"--Preface. Includes bibliographical references and index.Port Melbourne, Vic. : Cambridge University Press, 2006 viii, 304 p. : maps ; 22 cm. non-fictionOriginally published as 'Our side of the country' in 1984 and in 1992. "For this third edition there has been extensive rewriting"--Preface. Includes bibliographical references and index.victoria -- history., victoria -- social life and customs. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, The History Press, Understanding Documents for Genealogy & Local History, 2013
Genealogists and local historians have probably seen every birth, marriage, death and census record available, and are adept at unsing the internet for research. However, once they have learnt everything they can from them, the next step is reading and understanding older documents. These can be hard to find (not many are online), are often written in challenging handwriting and use legal and other unfamiliar terms. Some will be in Latin, antiquated English or Scots. Readers need to be able to understand the nature and intent of a range of documents as well as the palaeography (the handwriting) and orthography (the 'shape' of the contents). Documents covered include wills and testaments, contracts, indentures, charters, land records, personal letters, official records, Church records and others, mainly from the period 1560 to 1800. Also covered are dates, numbers, calendars, measurements and money, abbreviations, transcription conventions, letter-forms and glossaries, and it includes a Latin primer.448 pages : illustrations (black and white) ; 25 cm.Genealogists and local historians have probably seen every birth, marriage, death and census record available, and are adept at unsing the internet for research. However, once they have learnt everything they can from them, the next step is reading and understanding older documents. These can be hard to find (not many are online), are often written in challenging handwriting and use legal and other unfamiliar terms. Some will be in Latin, antiquated English or Scots. Readers need to be able to understand the nature and intent of a range of documents as well as the palaeography (the handwriting) and orthography (the 'shape' of the contents). Documents covered include wills and testaments, contracts, indentures, charters, land records, personal letters, official records, Church records and others, mainly from the period 1560 to 1800. Also covered are dates, numbers, calendars, measurements and money, abbreviations, transcription conventions, letter-forms and glossaries, and it includes a Latin primer.genealogy -- handbooks, local history -- archival resources., genealogy -- archival resources. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Sydney University Press, Aborigines in Colonial Victoria 1835-86, 1979
General account of pre-contact Aborigines; white colonisation and violent conflict; racial attitudes of early settlers; native police; government policy; mission work; foundation of reserves; Coranderrk.Sydney : Sydney University Press, 1979 viii,227p., 12p. of plates : maps ; 22cm. non-fictionGeneral account of pre-contact Aborigines; white colonisation and violent conflict; racial attitudes of early settlers; native police; government policy; mission work; foundation of reserves; Coranderrk.aboriginal australians -- victoria -- treatment -- history., aboriginal and torres straight islander -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Women's Section - Liberal Party of Australia (Victorian Division), Women of Influence: Women in the Liberal Party, 1996
Australia : Women's Section, Liberal Party of Australia, Victorian Division, c1996 viii, 172 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm. non-fictionliberal party of australia. victorial division. women's section -- history., women -- political activity -- victoria -- history. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Victoria's Colonial Governors 1839-1900 / [by] McCaughey, Perkins & Trumble, 1993
The stories of the acheivements, friends and adversaries, changing roles and expectations, imagery and daily life of each of the Colonial Governors of Victoria starting with La Trobe in 1839 to 1854 and ending up with Lord Brassey who held the position from 1895 to 1900.xix, 453 p., 1 folded leaf, [8] p. of plates : ill. (some col.), ports. (some col.) ; 25 cm.non-fictionThe stories of the acheivements, friends and adversaries, changing roles and expectations, imagery and daily life of each of the Colonial Governors of Victoria starting with La Trobe in 1839 to 1854 and ending up with Lord Brassey who held the position from 1895 to 1900.governors -- victoria -- biography, victoria -- politics and government -- 1834-1900