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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: HISTORICAL POSTERS
2 posters headlined ''NOTICE!!'' urging ' all subjects of the Queen, and all strangers who have received hospitality and protection under Her flag, to assist in preserving SOCIAL ORDER and Maintaining the Supremacy of the Law.' 'All faithful subjects, and all strangers who have had equal rights extended to them, are therefore called upon to 'ENROL THEMSELVES and be prepared to assemble at such places as may be appointed by the Civic Authorities in Melbourne and Geelong, and by the Magistrates in the several towns of the Colony.' This is a response to ' recent events at the Mines at Ballarat.' The call is by Chas Hotham. John Ferres Government Printer.The call is by Chas Hotham. John Ferres Government Printer.history, australian, law, lydia chancellor, collection, history, ballaarat, australian history, gold, goldfields, gold mines, gold mining -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA POLICE GAZETTES COLLECTION: GAZETTE FROM JANUARY 1864
Victoria Police Gazette No. 2 dated Thursday, January 14, 1864, containing the substance of information received in cases of felony and of misdemeanours and against receivers of stolen goods, reputed thieves, circumstances of the offence, the names of person known but not in custody, who are charged with offences and descriptions of those who are not known, their appearance dress and other marks of identity, the names of accomplices and accessories with every particular which may lead to their apprehension, a description as accurate as possible of property that has been stolen and a minute description of stolen horses for the purpose of tracing and recovering them.essential services, police, victoria police gazette -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA POLICE GAZETTES COLLECTION: GAZETTE FROM FEBRUARY 1864
Victoria Police Gazette No. 6 dated Thursday, February 11, 1864, containing the substance of information received in cases of felony and of misdemeanours and against receivers of stolen goods, reputed thieves, circumstances of the offence, the names of person known but not in custody, who are charged with offences and descriptions of those who are not known, their appearance dress and other marks of identity, the names of accomplices and accessories with every particular which may lead to their apprehension, a description as accurate as possible of property that has been stolen and a minute description of stolen horses for the purpose of tracing and recovering them.essential services, police, victoria police gazette -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA POLICE GAZETTES COLLECTION: GAZETTE FROM SEPTEMBER 1864
Victoria Police Gazette No. 36 dated Thursday, September 8, 1864, containing the substance of information received in cases of felony and of misdemeanours and against receivers of stolen goods, reputed thieves, circumstances of the offence, the names of person known but not in custody, who are charged with offences and descriptions of those who are not known, their appearance dress and other marks of identity, the names of accomplices and accessories with every particular which may lead to their apprehension, a description as accurate as possible of property that has been stolen and a minute description of stolen horses for the purpose of tracing and recovering them.essential services, police, victoria police gazette -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA POLICE GAZETTES COLLECTION: GAZETTE FROM DECEMBER 1864
Victoria Police Gazette No. 51 dated Thursday, December 22, 1864, containing the substance of information received in cases of felony and of misdemeanours and against receivers of stolen goods, reputed thieves, circumstances of the offence, the names of person known but not in custody, who are charged with offences and descriptions of those who are not known, their appearance dress and other marks of identity, the names of accomplices and accessories with every particular which may lead to their apprehension, a description as accurate as possible of property that has been stolen and a minute description of stolen horses for the purpose of tracing and recovering them.essential services, police, victoria police gazette -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA POLICE GAZETTES COLLECTION: GAZETTE FROM SEPTEMBER1868
Victoria Police Gazette No. 37 dated Thursday, September 10, 1868, containing the substance of information received in cases of felony and of misdemeanours and against receivers of stolen goods, reputed thieves, circumstances of the offence, the names of person known but not in custody, who are charged with offences and descriptions of those who are not known, their appearance dress and other marks of identity, the names of accomplices and accessories with every particular which may lead to their apprehension, a description as accurate as possible of property that has been stolen and a minute description of stolen horses for the purpose of tracing and recovering them.essential services, police, victoria police gazette -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA POLICE GAZETTES COLLECTION: GAZETTE FROM OCTOBER 1868
Victoria Police Gazette No. 43 dated Thursday, October 22, 1868, containing the substance of information received in cases of felony and of misdemeanours and against receivers of stolen goods, reputed thieves, circumstances of the offence, the names of person known but not in custody, who are charged with offences and descriptions of those who are not known, their appearance dress and other marks of identity, the names of accomplices and accessories with every particular which may lead to their apprehension, a description as accurate as possible of property that has been stolen and a minute description of stolen horses for the purpose of tracing and recovering them.essential services, police, victoria police gazette -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA POLICE GAZETTES COLLECTION: GAZETTE FROM OCTOBER 1868
Victoria Police Gazette No. 44 dated Thursday, october 29, 1868, containing the substance of information received in cases of felony and of misdemeanours and against receivers of stolen goods, reputed thieves, circumstances of the offence, the names of person known but not in custody, who are charged with offences and descriptions of those who are not known, their appearance dress and other marks of identity, the names of accomplices and accessories with every particular which may lead to their apprehension, a description as accurate as possible of property that has been stolen and a minute description of stolen horses for the purpose of tracing and recovering them.essential services, police, victoria police gazette -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA POLICE GAZETTES COLLECTION: GAZETTE FROM DECEMBER1868
Victoria Police Gazette No. 50 dated Thursday, December 10, 1868, containing the substance of information received in cases of felony and of misdemeanours and against receivers of stolen goods, reputed thieves, circumstances of the offence, the names of person known but not in custody, who are charged with offences and descriptions of those who are not known, their appearance dress and other marks of identity, the names of accomplices and accessories with every particular which may lead to their apprehension, a description as accurate as possible of property that has been stolen and a minute description of stolen horses for the purpose of tracing and recovering them.essential services, police, victoria police gazette -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - JACOB COHN CERTIFICATE, 1908
Handwritten and drawn certificate on card to Jacob Cohn and wife from members of the Danish Association. Written in Danish language in black and red bordered by shields with depictions of a horse, castle, and dates, and showing illustrations of Denmark and snow covered trees, a viking ship and topped with a crest between two men. Markings - J. W. Swanekiaer Partial translation of certificate - To Jacob Cohn & wife. Members of the Danish Association 'Dannebrog' hereby authorise to convey them and their wife warm Lykonskinger the occasion of their Guldbryllup. With the warmest onsker for the future and thanks for their great interest in the Danish welfare in Australia.person, individual, jacob cohn -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - SANDHURST BENEVOLENT ASYLUM - SANDHURST STATE SCHOOL, 1888
Black and White Photos, From the book 'Sandhurst Illustrated' by Schutze, Picture features 'Sandhurst Benevolent Asylum' looking up from Barnard Street, Note the main front gatesand two side gates with large stone pillars to support them. man and lady leaving another couple about to enter the grounds, single lady also having just left the grounds. 'Sandhurst State School' (Camp Hill Primary School) from Rosalind Park, very tall spire on the main building with lookout, Foliage in front are the trees of Rosalind Park.buildings, sandhurst benevolent asylum, anne caudle centre, sandhurst state school -
Bay Steamers Maritime Museum
Life Buoy
This life saving device was on the steam tug Wattle to be thrown to a person if they fell overboard. This ring has either been repainted since Wattle moved from Sydney to Melbourne or was part of the new equipment installed when Wattle was transferred to Melbourne in 1971Ring of buoyant material painted in white, red and blue with metal inner rim and metal outer rim with loops for attaching throwing rope. The life buoy is constructed of a foam centre and outer coating of fiberglass. An inner metal rim reinforces the construction while the outer metal rim assists with reinforcement but also provides 4 loops at 2pm, 4pm, 8pm and 10pm locations on the face of a clock. These loops have rope threaded through them to provide hand hold and grips and a method of attaching the life buoy to the boat. Decorated with red and blue lettering and insigniaPrinted on ring "WATTLE / MELBOURNE"melbourne, wattle, insignia, rope, life buoy, life ring, life saving, floating, floatation, steam tug -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Photo album, Anaesthetic trays, 1950s - 1970s
The photo contains a series of photographs depicting the correct procedure for setting up an anaesthetic tray for theatre.Green, leather bound photo album with brown leather edge, held together by brown and gold yarn. There is gold gilt lettering on the front, surrounded by a gold gilt decorative oval, spelling out "Photographs". Inside the album are a series of heavy paper pages with photographs and labels stuck on to them. Not all pages have been used, and additional photographs were stored among the blank pages. These have now been relocated to BK3. The photos depict the various ways in which an anaesthetic tray should be prepared for particular types of operations.White sticker [discoloured] adhered to top right hand corner of photo album, with handwritten inscription: ANAESTHETIC TRAYSanaesthesia, anesthesia, surgery, boyle's machine, trilene, ether, laryngoscope, endotracheal tubing -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Banner
The letters of the completed banner were made by different churches within in the presbytery and spelled a sentence, presumably "BUILD YOUR CHURCH LORD!" Orbost was one of the churches that had the finished banner on display. On of 24 small banners with tabs at the top of each for hanging on a rod. 19 have large blue letters appliqued on them. Twenty two of the banners are roughly square and two are smaller and oblong. Three have no letters and are used as spacers in the four word sentence that the letters make. The banners are decorated with rural and coastal images. BN068.19 "D" with machine embroidered church "St Matthews Yinnar", hands "Friendship", building "UCA Yinnar", chuch "Holy Innocents YINNAR STH" "(Californian RED WOOD)", tree "BIG TREE grows at Christ Church Boolarra" " D " "St Matthews Yinnar" "Friendship" "UCA Yinnar" " Holy Innocents YINNAR STH" " Californian RED WOOD" " BIG TREE grows at Christ Church Boolarra"uniting church adult fellowship -
Northern District School of Nursing. Managed by Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Nurses with Tutor and Skeleton, 1964
The Northern District School of Nursing opened in 1950 to address the issues around nurse recruitment, training and education that had previously been hospital based. The residential school was to provide theoretical and in-house education and practical training over three years. The students would also receive practical hands-on training in the wards of associated hospitals. The Northern District School of Nursing operated from Lister House, Rowan Street, Bendigo. It was the first independent school of nursing in Victoria and continued until it closed in 1989.Nurses with Tutor and Skeleton, schools 64 and 63. Two photos of Six nurses and Tutor Jack Hutley (with stick) standing around a skeleton. Behind them are body charts and props. On rear of Photos the nurses names are written, however their position in the photos are difficult to work out: Schools 63 and 64, Tutor Jack Hutley, Nurses R. L.Heath, B. L. Abbott, J. M. Wood, P. A. Tuohey, Denise O'Sullivan, Lyn Heath, Northern District School of Nursing, 37 Rowan Street Bendigo. BCV8 Bendigonurse training, ndsn, lister house, school 63, school 64, jack hutly -
Southern Sherbrooke Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Cathy and Finlay Currie
Cathy and Finlay Currie (Allan's parents). Mrs Currie is wearing a dark dress with a deep V-shaped patterned insert which extends from neckline to waist and appears to have looped edging. Her dark, wide-brimmed hat is trimmed with flowers. She holds a dark clutch bag and has dark shoes. There is an elaborate corsage pinned to her dress. Mr Currie is in a 3-piece suit of medium light shade, and a tall hat. Another woman can be seen behind them. They are outside a church and are probably at a wedding. -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Ephemera - Ticket/s, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), Set of 4 decimal currency tickets, late 1960's
Has a strong association with the Ballarat and Bendigo tramway system as being identified as being used on the system and for which trip on a specific date and demonstrates the ticket style at the time of closure of Ballarat.Set of 4 decimal currency tickets used on the Ballarat or the Bendigo tramway system with three of them noted as to their use on the rear. 1 - 4c red - B814452 - ?? Bgo, Sat May 19, 1969, Tram No. 2 - Concession 2 - 7c purple - City Section - A056182 - tram 42 - Sun Sept 19, 1971 (last day of trams in Ballarat) 3 - 8c green - A552387 - 845am, tram 40 to Sebastopol, Sat Sept 19, 1971 4 - 8c green - A643974 - 745pm, tram 40 to Sebastopol, Sat Sept 19, 1971 trams, tramways, tickets, secv, ballarat, bendigo, sebastopol, closure, last day -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Functional object - WIEGARD COOPER COLLECTION: BLACK MANTLE CLOCK, 1926
Object. Black wooden mantle clock with pendulum bob made in U.S.A by the Sessions Clock Company, mounted on ornate metal feet, and decorated with four columns supporting Gothic arches, with torch like ornamentation between them and an ornate handle on each end. Round white enamel dial with black numerals & hands, a brass bezel with convex glass. 8 day running with gong strike on hour & half hour. Brass plaque on front reads presented to Mr.P.Cooper by his fellow employees of the Water Commission Bendigo on his retirement 30.6.1926.Sessions Made in U.S.Ahorology, clocks, mantle -
University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus Archives
Photograph - Colour prints, Equipment, 1998
4 photographs with a note attached to Kevin (Blaze?), (Lecturer) from Joss Tonkin (Archivist) dated 12 August 1998 asking him to identify them. (1) "Still-for making distilled water. Decommissioned about 8 years ago still in situ PSL 2." (2)"Dissecting microscope with light source. Part of the closed-circuit TV system. PSL 2 Current." (3) Drafting table in Lanscape Graphics Room (MB?) Current." (4) "Nursery Office-about 3+ yrs old. It's a computer! Role ? Ask Jeremy Wallace."kevin blaze, lecturer, joss tonkin, archivist, distilled water, dissecting microscope, drafting table, lanscape graphics room, nursery office, jeremy wallace -
Falls Creek Historical Society
Journal - Schuss Vol. 20. No. 2 March - April 1954
Schuss was advertised as Victoria’s Official Ski Journal It was issued monthly from 1935 to 1961 except during the war when summer issues covered two months. This continued after the war, but it averaged 10 issues annually over its 25 year life. Schuss was published by the Ski Club of Victoria which had a membership of 38 Ski Clubs and demanded to be recognised as the prime authority on skiing in the state. The other 30 ski clubs with 85% of the members disagreed and the politics of skiing became heated. These clubs formed the Federation of Victorian Ski Clubs with their own journal, Ski Horizon. With the establishment of the Victorian Ski Association, Ski-Horizon published its last issue in Nov - Dec. 1955 and the role of the official journal was fully taken over by “Schuss”. This item is significant because it contains stories, images and information documenting the development of the ski industry in Victoria.The journal features stories and events chronicling developments in Victoria and internationally. Items related to the Falls Creek Area in this issue include:- Page 42 - SKYLINE LODGE at Falls Creek is in good demand again this season and many bookings have already been made. There are still vacancies in July, but members wanting them will have to hurry if they wish to sample the powder snow of that period and ride the Nissen Ski Tow. Easy road access to Howman's is of course one of the big attractions here. Several new club lodges are in progress at present in the Falls Creek village.schuss journal, skyline lodge, nissen tow -
Bacchus Marsh & District Historical Society
Photograph, Cheese Factory Waddell Street Bacchus Marsh 1883
The Cheese Factory in this image was opened around 1879 by Mr. G.G. Pearce. It was in Waddell Street. It was one of the first cheese factories in Victoria. It was later owned and operated by William Telford with the assistance of John Mahon. The factory was described in the Bacchus Marsh Express newspaper as an important business and service for the region. G.G. Pearce was reported to have spent a good deal of money in setting up the factory to ensure it was one which produced high quality cheese using modern methods of production. The factory was sold in 1889 to a Mr. H. W. King who was from Abbotsford in Melbourne. Unfortunately within a few days of Mr King buying the factory it was completely destroyed in a fire. All that was left were two large pine trees and two large underground concrete tanks.G.G. Pearce was described as a pioneer of cheese factories in Victoria. His first factory was just outside of Bacchus Marsh at Hopetoun. Around 1879 he moved into Bacchus Marsh and opened a new purpose built factory in Waddell Street. The Bacchus Marsh Express newspaper reported that no expense had been spared in constructing this factory. The factory was completely destroyed in a fire in 1889 which makes it fortunate that this image was captured of this early cheese factory in Victoria.Small sepia unframed photograph on card with gold border framing photograph. Housed in the album, 'Photographs of Bacchus Marsh and District in 1883 by Stevenson and McNicoll'. The image shows a group of men and women standing in a row in front of the Bacchus Marsh Cheese factory. One of the women is holding a small child. In front of another woman stands a young boy. Behind them is a covered wagon with a man seated upon it. Some of the men and women are wearing long aprons. In the background is the Cheese Factory. It is a large wooden structure with a high and steep pitched roof.On the front: Stevenson & McNicoll. Photo. 108 Elizabeth St. Melbourne. COPIES CAN BE OBTAINED AT ANY TIME. On the back: LIGHT & TRUTH inscribed on a banner surmounted by a representation of the rising sun. Copies of this Portrait can be had at any time by sending the Name and Post Office Money Order or Stamps for the amount of order to STEVENSON & McNICOLL LATE BENSON & STEVENSON, Photographers. 108 Elizabeth Street, MELBOURNE stevenson and mcnicoll 1883 photographs of bacchus marsh and district, cheese factories, bacchus marsh cheese factory -
Tarnagulla History Archive
A group of employees of Thomson and Comrie's Exchange Store and Tarnagulla Flour Mill, c1905, c. 1890s
Murray Comrie Collection. Significance of group or purpose of image not known. This photograph is a somewhat faded image created from an older original. Copy probably made by Murray Comrie in the 1970s. A group of employees of the Exchange Store and Tarnagulla Flour Mill Back row, from the left: TT Cheetham, H Johnson, P Sheehan, , W Reilly, Cheetham, B. Llewellyn. Middle row: W Fitzgerald, Carr, C Turner, T Leonard. Front row: W Lawry, D Reilly, B Cousins.Monochrome photograph depicting a group of men (some of them young men) posed in front of a peppercorn tree. Man at far left has a bicycle. Man at far right holding a pipe. Accompanying note identifies subjects as: (Left to right) Back row: P. Cheetham (with bicycle), H. Johnson, P. Sheehan, Mr, Reilly, T. Cheetham, B. Llewellyn (with pipe). Middle row: Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. Carr, Mr. Turner (with dog), Mr. Leonard. Front row (kneeling): B. Lawry, D. Reilly, B. Cousins. tarnagulla, people -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Sign, Selex Decal, "Please Step Inside", 1970's
MMTB decal - "Please step inside" for the use on the exterior of tramcars, glued transfer adhered to a sheet of gloss paper on one side and plain on the other with the transfer instructions made by Selex Decal in the 1970's, with alignment marks on the rear. Has the Selex Decal logos on the rear and the number "098051751" along the bottom edge. Refer to MMTB Drawing R10-138 for a drawing. Three copies held, two wax paper separate sheets, cardboard protective strip. The wax separation sheets have the Selex Decal logos printed onto them.trams, tramways, mmtb, signs, logos, preston workshops, behaviour, passengers, footboards -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Print - Framed Print, "Cable Tram and Dummy - 1890 - 1900", 1900
Framed and glazed photograph of cable tram set, trailer 233, at the Victoria St Terminus, c1900. Has a factory and water tank in the background. Cable tram dummy is loaded with gentlemen and there is a paper boy in front of the trailer. Print mounted onto a wooden chip board and sealed with brown tape around the edges. Two screwed frame hanging supports on either side with one run of string between them. Frame - brown and gold with a buff and black line framed around the photograph. Print has the title "Cable Tram and Dummy - 1890 - 1900".On rear in ink at the top - "Donated to Hawthorn Tram Museum Feb. 19th 2012 Ron Scholten"trams, tramways, melbourne, victoria st, cable trams, tram 233 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Postcard, Siemens, "Feel at Home - Combino Plus", 2007
.1 - Postcard or a letter car titled "Feel at Home - Combino Plus", by Siemens asking passengers on the Combino Plus tram to tell them (Siemens) what they thought about the tram and in return receive a three tram key ring. 2 copies held. .2 - postcard as for .1, but with a different back as shown in image i2. (.2 added 19/3/15) 2 copies held. .3 - as for .2 - with an image of Flinders St station in the background - added 8/1/2016. See Reg Item 5922 for the key ring and a plastic badge.trams, tramways, siemens, tramcars, combino, flinders st station -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document - Report, Public Transport Corporation (PTC), "Route 96 Project Overview", 2012
Report 12 A4 pages, including card covers, centre stapled, full colour printed on off white paper, titled "Route 96 Project Overview". Looks at the route itself, project objectives, governance arrangements, communications and consultations. Includes a note that the Government has order 50 new trams. Notes the proposed works packages and who would be managing them - VicRoads, Yarra Trams or PTV. Includes photos of Bourke St, street plans and information numbers. Has the State Government, VicRoads and Yarra Trams logos. Published 2012.trams, tramways, ptv, route 96, east brunswick, yarra trams -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Functional object - Silver Vesta Case, Minshull & Latimer, 1901
The hallmarks on this vesta indicate that the vesta was made in Birmingham, England in 1901 by Minshull & Latimer. Vesta cases are small containers used to keep matches dry and prevent them from being ignited. There three types of vesta cases but the most popular design was the pocket vesta which could be hung from a chain and featured a ribbed bottom to strike a match.The social history objects held in the Burke Museum's collection help to tell the stories of Beechworth's past by showing the social, cultural, and economic aspects of the town's history.A small silver container with a hinged lid that has a ring attached to the top of it. There is an engraved pattern across the surface with a set of initials on the obverse of the case. The bottom of the case features a ribbed design.TD/ [initials engraved on obverse] M/ &/ L/ anchor symbol/ lion symbol/ b/ [hallmarks] A1194/vesta case, birmingham, 20th century, minshull & latimer, matchbox -
Orbost & District Historical Society
stereoscope, April 1920
This is a wood stereoviewer with folding handle The viewer has two lenses at a set distance in the wooden hood which is lined in green velvet. The pictures can be moved vertically on the slide holder in order to focus them. These devices became popular in the middle of the 19th century. This is probably a Holmes type stereoscope, named after its inventor, Oliver Wendell Holmes (1860). Velvet lined view mask with engravwed patterns. Frame is silky oak wood with a handle underneath.stereoscope audio-visual appliances -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Photograph, c. 1960
Depicted is a group of five young women dressed in fancy costumes (two girls sit upon chairs while three girls stand behind them) upon a stage next to an older woman dressed in a formal dress is sitting behind a microphone and table. The women in the photograph are part of a concert party. The older woman is Isabel Rosengren, a local teacher. Black and white rectangular reproduced photograph printed on matte photographic paper.Reverse: 5646 (in black pen)/ Teacher - Isabel Rosengren (in pencil)/ ADVERTISER (stamped in blue ink)/burke museum, beechworth, concert, concert party, isabel rosengren, entertainment album -
Port of Echuca
Photograph - Black and white photograph of a drawing, A black and white photograph of a drawing of the construction of the bridge crossing the Murray River at Echuca in 1887, 1981
The drawing shows all the activity and building roles involved in building a bridge in 1877. The crossing of the Murray River was very important to citizens living in both Echua, but especially those living in Moama and in further NSW regions as it provided them with access to Victorian market regions. The bridge was built privately for Deniliquin farmers, but eventually opened up to the general public.This is significant because it represents the roles of different tradesmen in the construction industry in the late 19th Century. It also shows construction stages . Bridge pylons are being inserted into the fiver banks. It is also a very well produced drawing, the artist is anonymous, but very skilled.A photograph of a drawing of the construction of the bridge crossing the Murray River in 1877. The picture shows surveyors, construction workers, crane operators, hoists and a crane and much activity.Written on the back in pen are the numbers 6530. In pencil are the numbers 61/8"? and 10"?. Stamped on the back is a small rectangle with the words 'COPYRIGHT. This photograph may not be reproduced without permission in writing from the Editot of "The Age" 250 Spencer Street Melbourne, and 39/41 York St., Sydney.' written inside it.bridge works, murray river crossing, moama, echuca, orm cook collection, 'the age' newspaper., deniliquin farmers, engineering, bridge building, pylons, 1877