Brown Coal is typically found as rocks. During formation the Brown Coal starts as peats, which is an acidic brown deposit resembling soil, and over time when subjected to pressure and heat these peats form the Coal. Brown Coal is the lowest rank of coal as it has a low carbon (energy) content, and a high moisture content. This high moisture content makes Brown Coal unsuitable for overseas exports. This particular specimen was recovered from the Yallourn Mine in Latrobe Valley, Victoria as part of the geological survey of Victoria being carried out by Alfred Selwyn. Otherwise known as the 'Yallourn Power Station', the Yallourn Mine is Australia's second largest mine. Yallourn Mine was first built in 1920, and since then it has been providing over 1 billion tonnes of Brown Coal to Australia every year. The Yallourn Mine is responsible for 22% of Victoria's electricity and 8% of Australia's electricity. As of 2021 the mine employs around 500 people. Due to ongoing maintenance issues and Australia's move to cleaner energy, the Yallourn Mine intends to shut down permanently as of 2028. Soon after gold was discovered in 1851, Victoria’s Governor La Trobe wrote to the Colonial Office in London, urging ‘the propriety of selecting and appointing as Mineral Surveyor for this Colony a gentleman possessed of the requisite qualifications and acquaintance with geological science and phenomena’. Alfred Selwyn was appointed geological surveyor in Australia in 1852 which began the Geological Survey of Victoria. In 1853-69 the Geological Survey issued under Selwyn's direction sixty-one geological maps and numerous reports; they were of such high standard that a writer in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London bracketed the survey with that of the United States of America as the best in the world. During his years spent in Australia, Selwyn collected numerous significant geological specimens, examples of which are held in collections such as the Burke Museum.Brown coal is considered to be an essential rock to Australia's energy consumption. Although plentiful in sources, Brown Coal is not able to be exported overseas due to its high moisture content. As Australia moves towards cleaner energy, Brown Coal is going become less used. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized sedimentary rock that is a dark shade of brown.13 / BROWN COAL / Showing Woody structure / Locality: Yallourn, Vic. | Label probably / correct but / can't find reference / no. 13 to match in / registers. / C Willman / 15/4/21burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, yallourn, yallourn mine, victoria, coal, brown coal, brown coal specimen, alfred selwyn, geological survey of victoria, geological survey, yallourn power station

This letter book has letters, plans and maps and dates from 1901 to 1908. It came from the office of John William Crawley, Junior, an engineer, architect and surveyor in private practice in Warrnambool and also the engineer for the Shire of Warrnambool from 1895 to 1935. His father, brother and son were also engineers and worked in that capacity or as the Shire Secretary for the Shire of Warrnambool, with the Crawley family recording a total of 132 years of service to the Shire. The letter book was passed on to John Crawley’s son, Rolf, engineer for the Shire of Warrnambool from 1935 to 1968. The letter book then came into the possession of Michael Hand who took over the private surveying business of Rolf Crawley in Warrnambool. The Warrnambool and District Historical Society has acquired the letter book, one of several Crawley ledgers, from the Michael Hand estate. The Shire of Warrnambool existed from 1863 to 1994. This letter book is of considerable significance as it contains maps, plans and letters produced by John William Crawley Junior, the engineer for the Shire of Warrnambool for 40 years. It will be very useful for research. This is a hard cover letter book of 717 pages. It has a black cover with brown leather binding on the cover edges and spine. The leather is worn away in places. The letter book contains an alphabetical index, handwritten letters, sketch plans and maps. There is a mauve stamp on the inside front cover. ‘3’ ‘Letter Book 1901 to 1908’ ‘Letter Book J.Wm. Crawley’ ‘Rolf L. Crawley, Civil Engineer, Drainage and Water Supply Engineer, Licensed Surveyor, Registered Architect, Warrnambool’ john william crawley junior, warrnambool, rolf crawley, warrnambool, history of warrnambool

This jar of ointment belonged to Doris Orr, mother of the donor. Families used these patent medicines which were often purchased from a door to door salesman, the 'Rawleigh's man', on his regular round to country homes.Rawleigh's patent medicines were in common use in homes and this is a typical example.A brown jar of Rawleigh's ointment with a green and white label and brown metal lid with the brand name in raised lettering.Rawleigh's [on lid]; Rawleigh's Compound Mustard ointment/Will not blister/Preferable to Mustard plaster/The W.T. Rawleigh Co Ltd Melbourne/Registered under The Health (Patent Medicines) Act 1942 [label]allansford, w.t. rawleigh & co, mustard ointment, pharmaceuticals

The large, early, manual, ‘Punch-Clock’, (also known as a Time Clock), used by the Shire of Moorabbin employees to “clock-on and off” each working day circa late 1800s early 1900s.This 'Punch-Clock' was used by employees of the Shire of Moorabbin circa 1880 - 1900 and was donated to the City of Moorabbin Historical Society by the now defunct Moorabbin City Council in 1984.The large manual, ‘Punch-Clock’, (also known as a Time Clock), used by the Shire of Moorabbin employees to “clock-on and off” each working day circa late 1800s early 1900s. The clock face is exposed and the internal mechanism is encased in a wooden cupboard with two glass framed side panels. Right side panel is a door that accesses the clock mechanism.Around Centre of Clock face " DEY TIME REGISTERS LTD"/ "HOWARD BROS./ made in USA/ 75 Queen Victoria St./ LONDON E.C."/ On Brass plate at base are Patent registrations moorabbin, clocks, wages, punch clock

Two copies of Mathematics for Teachers, Covering Sections E and F, One Way of Doing It, planned by G.W.A.Wigney. Books have cream coloured covers with black printing. Book contains plans for lessons. 8800.17d bears what may be a signature that looks very like the surname Gotch.By G.W.A. Wigney, Registered at G.P.O Melbourne for transmission through the post as a book. Wholly set up and printed in Australia by Renown Press Pty Ltd., 16-20 Woorayl Street, Carnegie.education, primary, golden square laurel st p.s., golden square laurel street p.s. collection - mathematics for teachers e and f, g w a wigney, linehan & shrimpton, renown press pty ltd, education department

2 shoe trees - not a pair. Aluminium shape which slides into toe of shoe Metal stem attached which has holes for length adjustment1.Registered trade mark Lenards for good boots and shoes 9 1/2 x 10m 2. Saxone deluxe shoe tree 9 1/2 x 11

The volume has green front and back cover. It has a leather spine with red and black labels. The pages in the volume are divided in columns: 1) Number of application, 2) Date of registry, 3) Date of application, 4) Surname, 5) Christian name and address, 6) Parish, 7) Allotment, 8) Section, 9) rea, 10) Local land board schedule, 11) Decision, 12) Special condition, 13) License, 14) References and remarks.On the spine red label with gold letters: Application register. A black label with gold letters: all other sections land act 1901. Also on the spine in red texter "Stock Lith."application register, land act 1901

It was the first Holden to incorporate the new "Red" engine, with a 7 main bearing crankshaft instead of the 4 main bearing crankshaft used in the "Grey" engine. The larger capacity 149 ci (2400cc) engine was first only sold attached to a three-speed manual gear box or the "Hydramatic" three-speed automatic transmission with a (column shift). Although the Controlled Coupling Hydramatic used in the EH was actually a four speed, it effectively worked as a three speed unit except at full throttle. The 179 ci (2900cc) engine was initially only sold with the "Hydramatic" three-speed. The first EH with a 179 ci engine and a manual gear box was called the "EH-S4", fitted with an up-graded manual gear box, with stronger gears than the 149ci gear box and an up-graded clutch. The three-speed manual (column shift) gear boxes had no synchromesh on first only second and third 'top gear'It was the first Holden to incorporate the new "Red" engine, with a 7 main bearing crankshaft instead of the 4 main bearing crankshaft used in the "Grey" engine. The larger capacity 149 ci (2400cc) engine was first only sold attached to a three-speed manual gear box or the "Hydramatic" three-speed automatic transmission with a (column shift). Although the Controlled Coupling Hydramatic used in the EH was actually a four speed, it effectively worked as a three speed unit except at full throttle. The 179 ci (2900cc) engine was initially only sold with the "Hydramatic" three-speed. The first EH with a 179 ci engine and a manual gear box was called the "EH-S4", fitted with an up-graded manual gear box, with stronger gears than the 149ci gear box and an up-graded clutch. The three-speed manual (column shift) gear boxes had no synchromesh on first only second and third 'top gear'Two tone, blue body and white roofon the boot of this car there is a 179 badge stating that this car was powered by the larger motor available. There was also a "Hydra-matic" badge showing this vehicle was fitted with an automatic transmission. Registered number 63454-Hholden, 1963 - 1965, car

William Malcolm (Bill) Forrest, served Korea & Malaya. This certificate is his second enlistment. Refer Cat No 7281P for all his service history.Certificate of discharge AAT - A16 register No P147143. Certificate is attached to a brown buckram covered folding cover. The certificate has details re name, Regt No, rank, enlistment and discharge dates, previous service, postings and trade qualifications, decorations & medals, all print in black, signed in blue and black pen.Main points: "36283 William Malcolm Forrest Sergeant"certificate, discharge, korea, malaya

The Benevolent Asylum was established to provide both indoor and outdoor charitable relief for the destitute and aged. Initially it was in a slab and weatherboard building before getting it's permanent home in 1860. (Now Ann Caudle Centre). From 1868 - 1885 an industrial school for children was included. In 1884 a Lying in Hospital was included and this closed in 1920.Bendigo Benevolent Asylum Provisions Register 1897 - 1905. Green coloured marbled pattern cover with red and white tape on the spine with lined ledger pages. The ledger includes the provisions acquired and dispersed each day. All entries handwritten in ink. Standard supplies included with space to add special items.bendigo benevolent asylum, provisions register

Correspondence re Harold Curnow to BHS from Sister Junemarie Mason 14/4/1973. Request for 'material' relevant to papers of cousin Harold Curnow- material to supplement being especially 'The House of Neill 1749 - 1949' and the 'Haddington Register for 1857' (''of which Harold was the proud possessor''). BHS unable to help.Sister Junemarie Masonperson, individual, harold curnow

Document. Barkly Reef Gold Mining Company Share Account. To J Dolman, dated 23 Apr 1875 being for 100 shares for the above named company. Document is signed by Hay?, Manager. Document contains an embossed stamp reading: 'Barkly Reef Gold Mining Co. Registered, Elysian Flat'.cottage, miners, barkly reef gmc share account, j dolman, elysian flat

Motor Spirit Consumer's License (Victoria) issued to G. A.. Jones, 135 Myrtle Street Bendigo. The vehicle it was issued for was an 'Overland 'Tourer, Registered Number 153772 and the amount allowed was 10 Gallons per month. On the reverse is gummed an attachment that has additional monthly stamps. All of the fuel used was issued at Bendigo.Commonwealth of Australiaorganization, government, motor spirit license, world war 2, rationing, motor spirit consumers license, g.a. jones

Town Lot Grant by Purchase to Frederick Taylor. Enrolled in the office of the registrar of the Supreme Court of the Colony of Victoria in Register, Town Purchases Victoria Folio 27 No. 27 this twenty-fifth day of September 1854. Colony of Victoria crest/seal. Witness our trusty and well beloved Sir Charles Hothamorganization, lands and survey, town lot grant purchase

Document. McColl, Rankin & Stanistreet, Central Nell Gwynne N/L. An indenture or lease on the 30/6/39 between King George V1 & the Central Nell Gwynne GMC N/L carrying on operations in the Parish of Sandhurst. No 11009 Bendigo. Entered in the Register book vol 324 fol. 35733McColl, Rankin & Stanistreetorganization, business, central nell gwynne, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, central nell gwynne gmc, gold mining, indenture, lease

.1 SEPIA PHOTOGRAPH FROM CAMP PARADE LOOKING N EAST CRITERION QUARTZ MINING COMPANY REGISTERED CLUNES 1866 OR 1867 MINE IN BACKGROUND, HOUSES ON EDGE OF CREEK PORT PHILLIP HOTEL 1859 - 1890. PORT PHILLIP 1ST BATTERY. .2 SEPIA PHOTOGRAPH OF CRITERION MINING COMPANYCRITERION QUARTZ MINING COMPANYphotography, port phillip hotel, criterion quartz mining company

Used in the 19th Century'THE ANDYO' registered Hedgehog Tool. A forged steel head of a general purpose hoe with one side of the blade used as a hoe and the other pointed side possibly used to dig small furrows. It was made by Cornelius Whitehouse & Sons at Cannock Edge Tool Works - Branded Whitehouse & Sons. It was used in the 19th century.'THE ANDYO' is stamped on the pointed blade. On the hoe blade is stamped - Whitehouse & Sons CANNOCK. 'TY GWYN. agricultural tools, hoes, gardening tools, gardening hoes, steel

Pamphlet, printed and cut for use in trams around passenger hanging rails, titled "Touch on to Win" featuring the front of an E class tram and on the rear the prizes that could be won for users with registered myki open route 96. List prizes on rear. Has the Yarra Trams and PTV logos, permit number.trams, tramways, yarra trams, myki, route 96

The Ozone at Queenscliff was the former house of the Baillieu family and originally called Baillieu House. It became one of the hotels in Queenscliff, operated by the family. It then became known as the Ozone Hotel after the Ozone Paddle steamer that brought many people to the area from Melbourne for their holidays. It was built in 1881 to the designs of William Ellis, and is now on both the Victorian Heritage Register and the Register of the National Estate.Photograph of a three storey building with tower. ozone hotel, queenscliff, william ellis, baillieu, ozone, baillieu house, paddle steamer, heritage, holidays, melbourne

An increment borer is a specialised tool to extract a core sample of wood tissue from a living tree. The tool consists of a handle, an auger bit and a small, half circular metal tray (the core extractor) that fits inside the auger bit. The core sample can be used to count the rings, to reveal the age of the tree and its growth rate.Increment borer. The central core is stuck. AGN Mattison - Sweden #4333

Newsletter titled "Secretary's Newsletter June 2010", Issue 6, issued by the Tram and Bus division of the RTBU. Has a photo of Lou Di Gregorio. Story of Union pay rates, retirements of Eamon Naughton, Kevin Sheehan, motor vehicle licenses and tram driver, defective trams, Bendigo Tramway, Malvern centenary and annual leave provisions.Yields information about the activities of the RTBU during 2010.Newsletter - folded A3 sheet, full colour.trams, tramways, rtbu, unions, yarra trams, presentations, bendigo, malvern depot, tram drivers, drivers, licence fees

Postcard showing Sturt St from the building on the north east corner of Sturt and Grenville Sts. Shows three trams in the parking loop, the small shelter and a general view looking west along Sturt St. - 1960s. See also item 8703 for a mounted copy. The second copy in the stamp area has the postage rates for airmail.Yields information about Sturt St looking west from Grenville St.Postcard - colour with serated edges by Nu-color-vue - No. BT 52 - two copies held.trams, tramways, grenville st, sturt st, shelters, postcard

This book or register records the date, name and address and ship name and remarks of visiting seafarers from a wide range of origins. The logbook provides an insight into which ships and the origins of their crews were visiting Williamstown and Melbourne in 1933. This together with the 1945 register from Williamstown (see VC MtSV record) provides the earliest such register records surviving in the Mission heritage collection and Archive.Cover: The Victoria Missions to Seamen Melbourne / Sailors' Rest Williamstown/ Visitors' book/ 1933 ( February1933 - March-1944) / Spine:/Sailors' Rest, Williamstown - Visitors' book 1933. Inner page: details of Chaplains and caretakers and contact nos re the Mission.seafarers, seafarer registers, seafarer's rest, seafarer's rest williamstown, visitors log book, box 24, williamstown, sailors, seamen, mrs hodgkiss, j.g. sheel, crew, nationality, padre frank leslie oliver

A record of reserves and their features in the City of Banyule 1999. Full title: Beautiful Banyule: a register of out city's natural assets.A register of Banyule's natural assets104 pages, colour illustrations.Soft cover with treed skyline on front cover. 2 copies.Library labels.city of banyule, parks banyule, gardens banyule, historical sites banyule.