Cross cut saws have been used for millennia, but they came into wider usage in Europe from the 15th century onwards. The term 'cross cut' refers to the blades on the saw’s cutting edge which come in a variety of different patterns. These saws are specifically designed for cutting across the grain of the wood by timber workers, sawyers, and other land workers for tree felling and cutting up larger pieces of lumber into smaller more manageable pieces. The saws come in variable sizes and lengths and are designed for use by one or two people. With the two-man saws, a method of alternating 'pull and push' to drag the blade back and forth through the timber, maximising efficiency and labour division.single handed cross-cut saw. Peg grip missing?circular brass manufacturer's plate: SPEAR & JACKSON Sheffield. Crown symbol.churchill island, crosscut, saw, tool, machinery

Cross cut saws have been used for millennia, but they came into wider usage in Europe from the 15th century onwards. The term 'cross cut' refers to the blades on the saw’s cutting edge which come in a variety of different patterns. These saws are specifically designed for cutting across the grain of the wood by timber workers, sawyers, and other land workers for tree felling and cutting up larger pieces of lumber into smaller more manageable pieces. The saws come in variable sizes and lengths and are designed for use by one or two people. With the two-man saws, a method of alternating 'pull and push' to drag the blade back and forth through the timber, maximising efficiency and labour division. Donated by Wilfred Dungan on behalf of the Dungan family Collection originally used on the property of the late Dr Rae Dungan in Falls Creek Rd Olinda, purchased in the late 1930s from Olinda pioneers Harry and Minnie Holden. Also on the property of late May Farndon of Farndon’s and Falls Rd Mt Dandenong – aunt of Dr Rae William Dungan and also an early pioneer. Family holidays and weekends involved use of these sorts of farm implements plus working with horses. Post-war, the Olinda hand tools and machinery moved to the Shady Creek, Nilma North area where bush, pasture and cows had replaced the Olinda property. Wilfred well remembers being on one end of the crosscut saws cutting fence posts, logs and timber under “the tireless and vocal instruction” of a red headed local Darnum Rd legend called Harry Collyer. “He drove an old Rugby car and nearly pulled me through the logs with every cut!” steel blade, wooden handle and peg grip. Single person sawcrosscut, saw, churchill island, tool

Cross cut saws have been used for millennia, but they came into wider usage in Europe from the 15th century onwards. The term 'cross cut' refers to the blades on the saw’s cutting edge which come in a variety of different patterns. These saws are specifically designed for cutting across the grain of the wood by timber workers, sawyers, and other land workers for tree felling and cutting up larger pieces of lumber into smaller more manageable pieces. The saws come in variable sizes and lengths and are designed for use by one or two people. With the two-man saws, a method of alternating 'pull and push' to drag the blade back and forth through the timber, maximising efficiency and labour division. Donated by Wilfred Dungan on behalf of the Dungan family Collection originally used on the property of the late Dr Rae Dungan in Falls Creek Rd Olinda, purchased in the late 1930s from Olinda pioneers Harry and Minnie Holden. Also on the property of late May Farndon of Farndon’s and Falls Rd Mt Dandenong – aunt of Dr Rae William Dungan and also an early pioneer. Family holidays and weekends involved use of these sorts of farm implements plus working with horses. Post-war, the Olinda hand tools and machinery moved to the Shady Creek, Nilma North area where bush, pasture and cows had replaced the Olinda property. Wilfred well remembers being on one end of the crosscut saws cutting fence posts, logs and timber under “the tireless and vocal instruction” of a red headed local Darnum Rd legend called Harry Collyer. “He drove an old Rugby car and nearly pulled me through the logs with every cut!” Two handled cross cut saw. One manufactured handle and one bush replacement wedged with three inch nail. 6 broken teeth. Rivets for handle broken off at home-made end. M shaped tooth profile.churchill island, crosscut, saw, tool

A scythe is an agricultural hand tool that cuts grass and is used by making large sweeping motions through the crop. Eventually replaced by horse-drawn or motorised machinery, they are occasionally still used as they are inexpensive and efficient. There are different types of scythes with larger or smaller blades. This particular scythe was manufactured by W.A Tyzack & Co. Ltd. Set up by William Tyzack in the early 1800s in Sheffield, United Kingdom, they grew into a larger manufactory specialising in agricultural tools. Adding the ‘Horseman’ brand to their trademark in 1948, they expanded dramatically and exported throughout the Commonwealth.Donated by Wilfred Dungan on behalf of the Dungan family Collection originally used on the property of the late Dr Rae Dungan in Falls Creek Rd Olinda, purchased in the late 1930s from Olinda pioneers Harry and Minnie Holden. Also on the property of late May Farndon of Farndon’s and Falls Rd Mt Dandenong – aunt of Dr Rae William Dungan and also an early pioneer. Family holidays and weekends involved use of these sorts of farm implements plus working with horses. Post-war, the Olinda hand tools and machinery moved to the Shady Creek, Nilma North area where bush, pasture and cows had replaced the Olinda property. Wilfred well remembers being on one end of the crosscut saws cutting fence posts, logs and timber under “the tireless and vocal instruction” of a red headed local Darnum Rd legend called Harry Collyer. “He drove an old Rugby car and nearly pulled me through the logs with every cut!” Cast steel blade. Hole on back and of blade for hanging. Steamed handle (may not be original). Complex pipe/nut washer and five metal shims keeping blade on handle.From tip: BEST CROWN W.A. TYZACK & CO. LTD STELLA WORKS SHEFFIELD. Near handle: image of figure on horse.churchill island, scythe, wa tyzack, sheffield, machinery

Flat head screwdriver with surface rust, and a black wooden handle; paint worn off handlechurchill island, tool, screwdriver

Set of eight twist drill bits in variety of sizes and diameterschurchill island, tool, drill bit

Set of five rusted counter sink bits, with tapered proximal ends and mushroom-shaped distal sectionschurchill island, tools, countersinking bit

Two centre bits with a central projecting point and two side cutters on the distal ends. Proximal ends are tapered.churchill island, tool, centre bit

Two screw driver bits with a tapered proximal end and a flat head, some paint spots and surface rust evident.BLACKMANS ENGLANDchurchill island, screw driver, bits, tools

Two steel spoon drill bits with a tapered proximal end, and a beveled and distorted distal end. Surface rust and paint spots.NEUMANS GERMANYchurchill island, drill bit, spoon drill bit, tool

Auger bits fit into the jaws of a hand brace (brace and bit), which is used to bore holes into wood. The tapered end, or tapered shank, fits into the brace, while the twisted shank and twisted point draw the bit into the wood. The twisted shank guides the bit into the wood, helping to remove chips produced by the cutters and enabling the user to bore deep straight holes. The collection pictured here includes two common patterns of twist bits: the ‘Jennings’ double twist pattern; and the ‘Irwin’ single twist pattern. Their finely pitched threaded points are typically used to cut hardwood timber.Set of thirteen auger bits, with tapered proximal ends and corkscrew spiraled distal ends. Some with tight and loose spiral patterns. Paint spots and surface rust.[size of each bit stamped on]churchill island, tool, auger bits

Brass octagonal ring spanner with straight handle, and a small hole bored into the end. To go with the Essex car, churchill island, tool, ring spanner

Donated by Wilfred Dungan on behalf of the Dungan family Collection originally used on the property of the late Dr Rae Dungan in Falls Creek Rd Olinda, purchased in the late 1930s from Olinda pioneers Harry and Minnie Holden. Also on the property of late May Farndon of Farndon’s and Falls Rd Mt Dandenong – aunt of Dr Rae William Dungan and also an early pioneer. Family holidays and weekends involved use of these sorts of farm implements plus working with horses. Post-war, the Olinda hand tools and machinery moved to the Shady Creek, Nilma North area where bush, pasture and cows had replaced the Olinda property. Wilfred well remembers being on one end of the crosscut saws cutting fence posts, logs and timber under “the tireless and vocal instruction” of a red headed local Darnum Rd legend called Harry Collyer. “He drove an old Rugby car and nearly pulled me through the logs with every cut!” Curved blade, painted black. Wooden limb handle, varnished, some white paint spots. Nail into handle in blade holder sleeve. Slight bulge in handle near blade holderchurchill island, fern hook, olinda, mount dandenong, nilma north

Long corkscrew auger, with fused cast iron chuck and eight twists in the steel. Chuck: "2" Auger "16" "IRWIN MADE IN USA" churchill island, auger, tool

This type of wrench was called an adjustable twisted steel monkey wrench and was made around 1900. It was different from ordinary spanners and wrenches by the nature of the jaws being able to adjust to fit an individual nut, bolt or other fitting. The twisted handle wrenches were often forged by handtwist design on handle; jaws bent out of shape and worn. Hand-madechurchill island, tool, adjustable wrench, hand tool

Adjustable Stillson pipe wrench with a spanner and thread. Black finish with small amount of surface rust. churchill island, pipe wrench, stillson, tool

Thin metal spanner, with a curved head and a hook at the end. Badly rusted. Intended for commercial use and as an accompaniment with machinery.churchill island, spanner, tool

Thick cast iron spanner with slightly tapered handle and curved hook end. Marked with notches and drill mark throughout handle. 7/8 [stamped on handle]churchill island, tool, spanner

Metal thread cutter with two handles and an adjustable screw inside the jaw.V [punched] 7/16 Vchurchill island, tool, thread cutter

Hand shears - also called blade shears - were used to shear sheep prior to the introduction of machine shears and are still used today where no power machinery is available. Hand shears consist of two blades with a hinge at the end furthest from the point. The cutting edges pass each other as the shearer squeezes them together and shears the wool close to the animal's skin. In 1892 Jack Howe an Australian shearer sheared 321 sheep in one day using hand shears. This record has never been broken. This pair was made by Burgon and Ball in Sheffield under patent number 294. Filed in 1865, this brand of shears has been in constant production since then, although this pair was probably made in the 1930s.Spring double handled hand shears for shearing sheep."HIND'S PATENT DOUBLE HOLLOW GROUND BURGON AND BALL PATENT NO. 294 (inside a shield with a crown on top) MADE IN ENGLAND"churchill island, hand shear, burgon and ball, shearing

A Sickle is an agricultural hand tool used for harvesting or reaping grain crops using the sharp blade in a swinging or hacking motion. It was also used for cutting back forage and other plant growth. They have been used since early Iron Age times and many examples have been found in the Middle East dating back 18,000 to 8,000 BC. This is a bagging hook – a type of larger and heavier sickle used mainly for harvesting of grain. It continued to be used after industrialisation and the implementation of the mechanical reaper. Designed by British manufacturing firm, Brades & Co, and made to be used by the left hand, its age is unknown. Left handed sickle. Blade painted black; handle varnished. Metal ferrule on handle. Hook on blade at handle endB?RADE? BRADER OZ?sickle, harvesting, churchill island heritage farm

A Sickle is an agricultural hand tool used for harvesting or reaping grain crops using the sharp blade in a swinging or hacking motion. It was also used for cutting back forage and other plant growth. They have been used since early Iron Age times and many examples have been found in the Middle East dating back 18,000 to 8,000 BC. This is a bagging hook – a type of larger and heavier sickle used mainly for harvesting of grain. It continued to be used after industrialisation and the implementation of the mechanical reaper. Designed to be used by the right hand, its age is unknown. Right handed sickle. Blade painted black. Handle varnishedsickle, harvesting, churchill island heritage farm

An agricultural tool used by loggers, or farmers, the log splitting wedge has been used for thousands of years and was originally made from stone. They were either driven straight into the wood or into a previously made incision with the blade parallel to the grain. Using a sledgehammer or other tool hammered onto the flat end, the wedge is forced deeper into the log until the force splits the timber.Used by the donor in clearing timber at Olinda and Shady Creek, Victoria. Forms part of a timber clearing tool collection including cross cut saws and Trewhella jack.wood cutting/splitting wedge. Steel. commercially made. Has relief groove.TROJAN [stamped on side]timber cutting;, timber splitting, olinda, shady creek, churchill island heritage farm, wilfred dungan collection

An agricultural tool used by loggers, or farmers, the log splitting wedge has been used for thousands of years and was originally made from stone. They were either driven straight into the wood or into a previously made incision with the blade parallel to the grain. Using a sledgehammer or other tool hammered onto the flat end, the wedge is forced deeper into the log until the force splits the timber.Timber splitting wedge; steel; commercially made; has relief groove.timber splitting, churchill island heritage farm, olinda, shady creek

An agricultural tool used by loggers, or farmers, the log splitting wedge has been used for thousands of years and was originally made from stone. They were either driven straight into the wood or into a previously made incision with the blade parallel to the grain. Using a sledgehammer or other tool hammered onto the flat end, the wedge is forced deeper into the log until the force splits the timber.wood splitting wedge; commercially made; steel; surface rust; with relief groovetimber splitting, churchill island heritage farm, olinda, shady creek

An agricultural tool used by loggers, or farmers, the log splitting wedge has been used for thousands of years and was originally made from stone. They were either driven straight into the wood or into a previously made incision with the blade parallel to the grain. Using a sledgehammer or other tool hammered onto the flat end, the wedge is forced deeper into the log until the force splits the timber.wood splitting wedge; commercially made; steel; relief groove; surface rusttimber splitting, churchill island heritage farm, olinda, shady creek, wilfred dungan collection

An agricultural tool used by loggers, or farmers, the log splitting wedge has been used for thousands of years and was originally made from stone. They were either driven straight into the wood or into a previously made incision with the blade parallel to the grain. Using a sledgehammer or other tool hammered onto the flat end, the wedge is forced deeper into the log until the force splits the timber.small wedge with substantial chip out of narrow end. Relief grooveHYTEST FORGED TOOLStimber splitting, churchill island heritage farm, olinda, shady creek, wilfred dungan collection

An agricultural tool used by loggers, or farmers, the log splitting wedge has been used for thousands of years and was originally made from stone. They were either driven straight into the wood or into a previously made incision with the blade parallel to the grain. Using a sledgehammer or other tool hammered onto the flat end, the wedge is forced deeper into the log until the force splits the timber.blacksmith made steel wedge with irregular relief groove; surface rustwilfred dungan collection, timber splitting, churchill island, blacksmith, olinda, shady creek