This design of the bottle is sometimes called a ‘cottage’ or ‘boat’ shape. The Caldwell’s handmade glass ink bottle was mouth-blown into a three-piece mould, a method often used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the maker's name engraved into the mould section for the base. The glass blower would cut the bottle off the end of his blowpipe with a tool and join a mouth onto the top, rolling the lip. The bottle was then filled with ink and sealed with a cork. This method of manufacture was more time-consuming and costly to produce than those made in a simple two-piece mould and 'cracked' off the blowpipe. The capacity for a bottle such as this was about 3 ½ oz (ounces) equal to about 100 ml. This particular bottle is unusual as it has four sloping indents at the corners of the shoulder, most likely for resting a pen with its nib upwards and the handle resting on a flat surface. Most of the bottles made during this era had horizontal pen rests that were indented into both of the long sides of the shoulder. Pen and ink have been in use for handwriting since about the seventh century. A quill pen made from a bird’s feather was used up until around the mid-19th century. In the 1850s a steel point nib for the dip pen was invented and could be manufactured on machines in large quantities. This only held a small amount of ink so users had to frequently dip the nib into an ink well for more ink. Handwriting left wet ink on the paper, so the blotting paper was carefully used to absorb the excess ink and prevent smudging. Ink could be purchased as a ready-to-use liquid or in powdered form, which needed to be mixed with water. In the 1880s a successful, portable fountain pen gave smooth-flowing ink and was easy to use. In the mid-20th century, the modern ballpoint pen was readily available and inexpensive, so the fountain pen lost its popularity. However, artisans continue to use nib pens to create beautiful calligraphy. Caldwell’s Ink Co. – F.R. Caldwell established Caldwell’s Ink Company in Australia around 1902. In Victoria, he operated from a factory at Victoria Avenue, Albert Park, until about 1911, then from Yarra Bank Road in South Melbourne. Newspaper offices were appointed as agencies to sell his inks, for example, in 1904 the New Zealand Evening Star sold Caldwell’s Flo-Eesi blue black ink in various bottle sizes, and Murchison Advocate (Victoria) stocked Caldwell’s ink in crimson, green, blue black, violet, and blue. Caldwell’s ink was stated to be “non-corrosive and unaffected by steel pens”. A motto used in advertising in 1904-1908 reads ‘Makes Writing a Pleasure’. Stationers stocked Caldwell’s products and hawkers sold Caldwell’s ink stands from door to door in Sydney in the 1910s and 1920s. In 1911 Caldwell promised cash for returned ink bottles and warned of prosecution for anyone found refilling his bottles. Caldwell’s Ink Stands were given as gifts. The company encouraged all forms of writing with their Australian-made Flo-Eesi writing inks and bottles at their impressive booth in the ‘All Australian Exhibition’ in 1913. It advertised its other products, which included Caldwell’s Gum, Caldwell’s Stencil Ink (copy ink) and Caldwell’s Quicksticker as well as Caldwell’s ‘Zac’ Cough Mixture. Caldwell stated in a 1920 article that his inks were made from a formula that was over a century old, and were scientifically tested and quality controlled. The formula included gallic and tannic acids and high-quality dyes to ensure that they did not fade. They were “free from all injurious chemicals”. The permanent quality of the ink was important for legal reasons, particularly to banks, accountants, commerce, municipal councils and lawyers. The Caldwell’s Ink Company also exported crates of its ink bottles and ink stands overseas. Newspaper advertisements can be found for Caldwell’s Ink Company up until 1934 when the company said they were the Best in the business for 40 years.This hand-blown bottle is significant for being the only bottle in our collection with the unusual sloping pen rests on its shoulder. It is also significant for being made in a less common three-piece mould. The method of manufacture is representative of a 19th-century handcraft industry that is now been largely replaced by mass production. The bottle is of state significance for being produced by an early Melbourne industry and exported overseas. This ink bottle is historically significant as it represents methods of handwritten communication that were still common up until the mid-20th century when fountain pens and modern ballpoint pens became popular and convenient and typewriters were becoming part of standard office equipment.Ink bottle; rectangular base, hand-blown clear glass bottle with its own cork. The bottle has side seams from the base to the mouth, an indented base and an applied lip. The corners of the shoulder sides have unusual diagonal grooves that slope down and outwards that may have been used as pen rests. Inside the bottle are remnants of dried blue-black ink. The glass has imperfections and some ripples on the surface. The bottle has an attached oval black label label with gold-brown printed text and border. The base has an embossed inscription. The bottles once contained Caldwell’s blend of blue black ink.Printed on label; “CALDWELL's BLUE BLACK INK” Embossed on the base "CALDWELLS"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, ink, nib pen, writing ink, writing, copying, banks, lawyers, commerce, student, permanent ink, blue black ink, stationery, record keeping, handwriting, writing equipment, writing accessory, office supply, cottage bottle, boat bottle, mouth-blown bottle, cork seal, f r caldwell, caldwell’s ink company, albert park, south melbourne, inkstands, stencil ink, copy ink, quicksticker, zac cough mixture, three part mould, cauldwells, cauldwell's

Black and white photograph of level crossing gates and railway station at Bentleigh at the intersection of Burgess Street and Centre Road. This image is part of a larger collection of images from the Public Transport Corporation displaying train stations and streetscapes in what is now the City of Kingston.Black and white photograph of level crossing gates and railway station at Bentleigh at the intersection of Burgess Street and Centre Road.Stamped in blue ink on reverse: COPYRIGHT / Public Transport Corporation / For re-ordering photographs / Please quote negative No H3405 / Enquiries C/- PTC Photographic Unit / Telephone switchboard 619 111 White paper adhered to reverse of photograph with black typed text: Railway gates, Centre Road Bentleigh / 1969 / $50 reproduction fee appliesbentleigh, railway station, railway crossing, suburbs, public transport

The document was sent to F.G. Davey and featured the citation for his DFC. Part of the F.G. Davey Collection. See catalogue no. 3536 P for details of his service record.Single page document on cream coloured paper with text in black type. Details of the recipients rank, service number and home address are included along with the citation.Handwritten signature in black ink.distinguished flying cross, f.g. davey, medal citation

Card given to Discharged servicemen from the “Poowong Patriotic Fund Society” on their discharge from the services.Soft cardboard with outer section darker yellow with lighter yellow centre, all black printing as well as outer edge, On the rear hand written entry.On the rear, “L.V.Andrews” in black ink.poowong, patriotic fund society, discharge

Black Hill was a mining site and is now a suburb of BallaratPanoramic, black and white photograph of Ballarat from Black Hill. Circa 1880ballarat, black hill, mining, railway, photograph, black and white

This concert was held in the Mechanics' Institute on Friday, October 16th, 1891 commencing at 8pm. A dance was held after the concert. The secretary at that time was J. McNair. The first Orbost Brass Band was formed in 1889. Around 1908 the town band split and the Orbost Workers' Band was formed. Eventually the two bands merged in 1913 to reform as the Orbost Municipal Band under conductorship of Charles Spink. The band continued for many years but was later disbanded and again reformed. This was to happen a number of times, the last time being in 1961 and continuing through to the late 1970's. Further info and Ref: In Times Gone By - Deborah Hall From the estate of Elsie Cooke. Elsie Cooke was a librarian in Orbost for many years. She was the daughter of John Cooke early Brodribb settler. Elsie Cooke lived all her life in Gippsland,. She was born at Brodribb in 1895 and died in 1970, Elsie Cooke lived at Bruthen for a short time and, in 1937, moved to live with her aunt, Miss Jean Munro. Miss Cooke was Librarian at the Mechanics Institute for many years. Kindness and consideration for other were Miss Cooke’s attributes and she endeared herself to all who knew her. She was a loyal member of the Presbyterian Church and a stalwart of the Ladies’ Guild, an energetic worker for the Municipal Auxiliary and a member of the Red Cross. (ref. Mary Gilbert)The various Orbost bands over the years played a major role in community activities providing entertainment and musical experiences for the many members.An orange, paper program with black print. The program and details are inside a black frame. It is for a concert in aid of the Orbost Brass Band.At the top handwritten in black pen is" Donated by Mrs Elsie Cooke".orbost-brass-band-programme cooke-elsie

Undated black & white photo of the original Customs House building at Queenscliffe, with the adjacent steps that lead up the hill to the 'Black' high-light lighthouse & Flag pole.RealismBlack & white photo of the original Queenscliffe Customs House building, with the adjacent steps that lead up the hill to the 'Black' high-light lighthouse.On the reverse - "date?", "present lighthouse 1863", "Mrs Campbell(?)"customs house building, steps, lighthouse

Foreign exchange slip issued by the Commonwealth bank of Australia Bendigo Branch and used by F.G.Davey to exchange English pound to Australian Pounds. Part of the Frederick Gardner Davey DFC No 410538 RAAF collection. Refer Cat No 3536P for his service details.Proforma D 169978 on blue A5 sized paper in blue ink, hand written details completed in blackHand written details in black inkforeign exchange, pounds

Illustrated book with dust pink cover. front cover has a black and white photograph of s nurse with two hospital beds covered with mosquito tents (No 74 Camp Hospital, Katherine, NT, 1945). Part of title printed in black ink above this photo, remainder of title overprinted in white ink at the bottom of this photo. Below this is a small rectangular illustration and words: their service our heritage. Title is also printed in black ink on spine along with publishers logonon-fictionA history of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service 1899-1999military nursing-australia-history, nurses-australia-history, australian army nurses

Illustrated book with dust pink cover. front cover has a black and white photograph of s nurse with two hospital beds covered with mosquito tents (No 74 Camp Hospital, Katherine, NT, 1945). Part of title printed in black ink above this photo, remainder of title overprinted in white ink at the bottom of this photo. Below this is a small rectangular illustration and words: their service our heritage. Title is also printed in black ink on spine along with publishers logo.non-fictionA history of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Service 1899-1999military nursing-australia-history, nuses-australia-history, australia army-nurses

Illustrated book with a brown and cream cover. The front cover features a black and white photograph: Sr Lilian Malster at No.3. AGH Mudros Harbour, Lemnos, September 1915. Title is overprinted on this photo in brown and white ink. Author' name is printed in black at bottom right of front cover. Title and author's name printed in black on spine. On the back cover is a map of the Aegan Sea with Lemnos circled in red, a quote from Sr Lilian Malster and a summary of the book non-fictionA study of the work of Australian nurses based on Lemnos during World War One, with emphasis on 38 women (out of a total of 130) who came from small towns in the Western District of Victoria.australian army nurses, nurses, lemnos, world war 1914-1918

Interior photographs of Watsonia High School Library, 1978-79.In the early 1970s "Commonwealth Libraries" were funded in secondary schools. This is the Watsonia High School Library.6 photographs: 2 colour, 4 black and white.On back of photos: "1979" on colour; "1978" on black and white.watsonia high school, margaret willimott, school libraries

Draft invitations, guest list, list of apologies and acceptances, for the 1998 Annual Conference organised by Past President Legatee D.J. Simonson. As well as Legatees and RSL members, the people invited included many with military ties, politicians, public servants and media representatives.Reveals the operating environment of Melbourne Legacy in the 1990s.16 x typed/photocopied pages, black on whiteVarious annotations and alterations in blue, black and red biro.conference, legatee event

Part of a collection of photographs copied from the late Shirley Fraser (nee Black), also descendant of the McLaughlin family. This photograph shows "Auntie" Berthe Black.Digital copy of black and white studio photographshirley fraser, black family, berthe black

Part of a collection of photographs copied from the late Shirley Fraser (nee Black), also descendant of the McLaughlin family. This photograph shows Betty Black as infant.Digital copy of black and white studio photograph.shirley fraser, betty black, black family

Black Range Quarry SiteOn Reverse Bullocky Mary's House (Mary Honan) 1. Black Range. Campbell's Property Lot 14. Bullocky Mary Rd. quarry site Granite. Nr Cox's Fence. Don Rickard May 1999stawell

http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC3139326/reload=0;jsessionid=9FyrkDFnXqMKQZZZCbqV.6 http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articles/PMC1958835/pdf/brmedj02872-0072.pdf Rendell-Baker-Soucek mask. 1 black tube with one end connects a metal piece to a facemask. The other end of black tube connects to 1 red balloon. 5 black masks. 1 spare red balloon and 3 black masks in separate plastic bags.Inscription on 1 black mask. "Wsp / 2 / ANTISTATIC / MADE IN UNITED KINGDOM. Another inscription on 1 black facemask. "LEYMED PAEDIATRIC FACEMASK / MADE IN 3 ENGLAND".paediatric face mask, anaesthetic equipment

Illustrated book with dust jacket. Book has a red cover with title and author's surname embossed in gold on spine. Front of the dust jacket has an illustration of a guard with female prisoners in the background (drawn by Geoff Tyson) Title is printed in yellow on a black background above this illustration, author's name is printed in white on a black background below this illustration. Title, author's and publisher's names are printed in black on a yellow background on the spinenon-fictionThe author was one of sixty-five Australian Army nurses ordered to leave Singapore aboard the Vyner Brooke. This is their story, including the years spent as prisoners of war in Sumatra by the survivorsworld war 1939-1945 prisoners of war, nurses

An account of the wartime experiences of Legatee Thomas White who served a term as President in 1925. This is the story of the capture and escape of Captain Thomas White, Australian Flying Corps on the Baghdad Road, Mesopotamia (Iraq), 13/11/1915. Captain White had been ordered to cut the telegraph wires behind the Turkish Lines along with his observer Captain F. Yeats-Brown from the 17th Indian Cavalry. Although they achieved their objective, the Maurice-Farman Longhorn aeroplane was damaged on landing and could not be repaired and were subsequently captured by the Arabs and local Gendarmerie. After the Arabs had beaten them up they were taken to Baghdad, escorted by the Turks and imprisoned. On 26 July 1918 Captain White escaped with Captain AJ Bott of the Royal Air Force. After making their way by sea (under very difficult circumstances) they arrived and went ashore at Odessa on the Black Sea. Odessa at the time was occupied by Austria and German troops and the Bolsheviks (the Russian revolution was under way). On 3 November 1918 they boarded a ship for Varna where Brigadier-General Ross met them, motored to Salonika, arriving 10/11/1918, then subsequently sent to Cairo. Tommy White became the third President of Melbourne Legacy in 1925-26 (Melbourne Legacy Bulletin 19/7/1990). He also went on to be the Australian High Commissioner in Britain until 1956. A story of courage, hope and endurance by Captain Thomas White.White A4 paper with black type x 14 pages.Printing ink overlap and other printing stains throughout the document. Ltee Tom White written in black biro, top of page one.past presidents, world war one, thomas white

Letter to Legatee D.J. Simonson with final quotations for catering at the Victorian Arts Centre on 2nd and 3rd October 1998. Legatee Simonson has made notes to include costs for technical work.Details the catering for the 1998 Legacy 75th Anniversary Conference in Melbourne.5 sheets typed and printed black on white, except for the covering letter which is brown and gold letterhead on cream with black typing.Various annotations in red, blue and black biro, yellow highlighter.conference, planning

produced circa 1960These dolls may have been made by Japanese sailors and gifted to the Mission. Making models is a hobbies for sailors during their long journey on board.Ornamental Japanese wooden [Kokeshi?] dolls mounted on a small wooden base; the female figure is made of one big cube, and one smaller dice, the head is round with a small headware. The male figure, a small boy, is made of one black dice and a round head wearing a pointy hat.On one face of the boy dice black ideogram is written in black ink.japanese dolls, dice dolls, japan, gift, seamen, sailors, models, hobbies

black and white photo of Jack Prendergast & Brotherblack and white photoJack Prendergast & Brother

Black wool yarn, possibly from the batch used to make the black and white National Wool Museum rug presented to Queen Elizabeth II in 1988.Black wool yarn, possibly from the batch used to make the black and white National Wool Museum rug presented to Queen Elizabeth II in 1988.weaving, spinning