.1) Folding, wrap around pocket book, blue buckram. Title is embossed in black ink. Booklet contains large amount of information on RAF basic subjects if navigation, liaison signalling, ranks, aircraft markings or worlds air forces, camping, 142 pages. .2) Amendment List No's dated 1933.Centre: “RAF Pocket Book 1932” Top right: “AP 1081”books-military/reference, military history-air force, raf

The sample of steel from which the S.S. Julia Percy’s boiler was made has been tested, according to the attached label. The test involved heating the steel to blood red temperature (or dark red colour) then dipping it into water and bending it when it was cold. A “very severe test for quality” was written on the ticket by T.H. Osborne. (Mr Thomas Hamilton Osborne was the secretary for the Western Steam Navigation Co, established in Warrnambool in 1886. The company’s office was on the corner of Timor and Liebig Streets in Warrnambool and its north-western wall is now part of the current Warrnambool Regional Art Gallery. ) Cold bending of steel in a press or through rollers is the typical method of curving steel for construction. The steel needs to be manufactured in such a way that it is strong enough yet still flexible enough not to crack when bent or rolled. The boiler on the Julia Percy could have been a Scotch Boiler, a design introduced in the 1870’s and still being used today. This design was more robust that previous boilers, generating higher working steam pressures. The design incorporate greater ability to roll iron plates, leading to greater strength, thicker plating and fewer riveted joints. They were originally made of iron then later incorporated steel sections until they were entirely constructed of steel. Many examples of this type of boiler can be found on wreck sites. Shipping was the cheapest and most practical means of carrying produce and goods during the period 1840-1890. Regular domestic steamer services commenced in the Warrnambool district in the late 1850’s and by 1870 the passenger trade was booming. Produce was loaded from the jetty into ‘lighters’ (small boats), which took it to the ships at anchorage in the bay. Passengers were taken to the ship’s side then climbed aboard up ladders or gangways. The coming of the railway in October 1889 meant the gradual decline and end of the steam shipping era. Originally the ship was known as the SS Julia Percy and was later renamed as the Leeuwin. She was an iron passenger-cargo steam ship built in Glasgow by Thomas Wingate for the Warrnambool Steam Packet Company, which commissioned the ship for the steamship trade in Victoria’s western district. She was first registered in Warrnambool, Victoria in 1876. At one point in time the Julia Percy would sail from Warrnambool to Melbourne every Friday and return from Melbourne to Warrnambool every Tuesday. The cost of a return ticket for a Saloon Fare was £1.0.0. She would sail “if practical and weather permitting”. The Julia Percy changed hands several times. Her next owner was the Western Steam Navigaiton Co of Melbourne (1887). It was the manager of this company, Mr. T.H. Osborne, who tagged ths steel sample above. Melbourne Steamship Co became the next owners (1890), followed by William Howard Smith and Sons (1901) for use in Queensland coastal trades, then she was bought by George Turnbull in 1903 and used for local mail contract in Western Australia. She was sold to the Melbourne Steamship Company Ltd. (1906) and re-named the Leeuwi but continued in her Western Australian coastal run. She was converted into a coal hulk in Melbourne in 1910 as a result of damaged caused when she was driven against the jetty at Dongara during a gale. The ship was eventually dismantled and scuttled in Bass Strait on 28 December 1934. The steel sample is significant for its association with the wreck of the Leeuwin (Julia Percy), which is on the Victorian Heritage Register. It is historically significant for being a rare artefact that has potential to interpret aspects of western Victoria’s 19th century steamship trade and Victorian cultural history, including the testing and manufacturing process associated with steam power. Leeuwin is listed on the Victorian heritage Register as being historically significant ‘as one of only four wrecks of steamships in Victorian waters associated with the western district of Victoria’s coastal steamship trade. Her registered number is VHR S413. A sample of the steel from which the boiler of the "SS Julia Percy" (later named Leeuwin) was made. The piece of steel is a ‘C’ shape with the ends almost meeting. A luggage ticket is tied onto the steel and has an inscription on it. The steel is rusty.Ticket with typed information “Steel of which the Boiler of the “Julia Percy” (Warrnambool Steam Navigation Co) was made. TEST: Made Blood hot or Dark Red then dipped into water and bent cold. A very severe test for quality T.H. Osborne. Below these words is the hand written inscription in black “FM 151 / 9.75” julia percy, leeuwin, steel, boiler, steam ship, metal testing, western steam navigation co., flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, t.h. osborne

This shows the S.S.Wannon turning in the specially widened part of the river called the "turning basin" before slipping into her berth at the Belfast and Koroit Steam Navigation Company wharfBlack and white photograph of SS Wannon turning in the Moyne Rivership, boat, sea, moyne river, belfast and koroit steam navigation company, turning basin

also Black and white copy 10 x 12|also Sepia toned copy 10 x 15Sepia toned small format postcard of the steamer Gippsland leaving Kalimna Jetty, Gippsland Lakes Victoria, also showing boat ramps beside jetty, three rowing boats moored at lower landing, persons pushing trolly along jetty, Navigation light on jetty, rustic jetty and small boat in background. Lakes Entrance VictoriaKalimna Jetty Gippsland Lakesjetties, waterways, topography

Reprinted from Rev. Alfred Maher's photo album, Anglican Church Archives, Sale, VictoriaBlack and white photograph of Nyerimilang Jetty, Gippsland Lakes. It shows a short jetty with boat landing, navigation light and storage shed on jetty, boatshed on bank. Small motor car beside boat shed. Distant view across lake to eastern point of Flanagan Island, Fraser Island and Rigby Island. Lakes Entrance Victoriajetties, restaurant, boats and boating, waterways, topography

The SS Maloja was a passenger liner operated by The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation between 1923 and 1954. The ship was requisitioned by the Admiralty for service as an Armed Merchant Cruiser upon her arrival at AdenB & W landscape photograph with view from the dock of nearside port bow and superstructure of a moored ship. Men at dockside level are loading or unloading with net in foreground. railway vehicles are lined alongside under a shed. A faint series of letters can be made out near the portholes towards top of bow. This could be name of the vessel. Handwritten in black ink beneath lower edge of image on album page as "P O Maloja" (this may be misnamed) see notes belowsteam ships, world war 2, p.o. maloja, ss maloja, p & o, peninsular and oriental steam navigation company, fan album

The Stars and Compass Trophy was donated by Richard Hawkins in 1998 (the Year of the Oceans) to encourage the use of traditional navigation skills by yachts at sea. See attached document for more extensive background informationnavigation, hawkins

Another example of a painted white cane, made from a tree branch stripped of lateral buds, but with a metal tip indicating its primary use as a navigation device rather than a support stick.Wooden white cane with crooked handle with metal tipassistive devices, white caned

This Dollond Day or Nigh telescope was designed to be used in any light conditions, as its name implies. Telescopes are optical instruments designed to make objects appear to be larger or closer. The discovery of the first telescope in 1608 can be attributed to Hans Lippershey of the Netherlands when he discovers that holding two lenses up some distance apart bring objects closer. He applies for a patent on his invention and this becomes the first documented creation of a telescope. Then in 1668, Newton produces the first successful reflecting telescope using a two-inch diameter concave spherical mirror. This opened the door to magnifying objects millions of times far beyond what could ever be obtained with a lens. It wasn’t until 1729 that Chester Moor Hall develops an achromatic lens (two pieces of glass with different indices of light refraction combined produce a lens that can focus colours to almost an exact point resulting in much sharper images but still with some distortion around the edges of the image. Then in 1729 Scottish instrument maker James Short invents the first parabolic and elliptic, distortion-less mirror ideal for reflecting telescopes. We now come to John Dollond who improves upon the achromatic objective lens by placing a concave flint glass lens between two convex crown glass lenses. This had the effect of improving the image considerably. Makers Information: John Dollond (1707-1761) London England he was a maker of optical and astronomical instruments who developed an achromatic (non-colour distorting) refracting telescope and practical heliometer. A telescope that used a divided lens to measure the Sun’s diameter and the angles between celestial bodies. The son of a Huguenot refugees Dollond learned the family trade of silk weaving. He became proficient in optics and astronomy and in 1752 his eldest son, Peter joined his father in an optical business, in 1753 he introduced the heliometer. In the same year, he also took out a patent on his new lenses. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in May 1761 but died suddenly in November and his share in the patent passed to his son Peter. In subsequent squabbles between Peter and the many London opticians who challenged his patent, Peter’s consistent position was that, whatever precedents there may have been to his achromatic lenses, his father had independently reached his practical technique on the basis of his theoretical command of Newtonian optics. As a result of maintaining his fathers patent, Dollond s became the leading manufacturer of optical instruments. For a time in the eighteenth and nineteenth century the word 'Dollond' was almost a generic term for telescope rather like 'Hoover; is to vacuum cleaner. Genuine Dollond telescopes were considered to be amongst the best. Peter Dollond (1731-1820) was the business brain behind the company which he founded in Vine Street, Spitalfields in 1750 and in 1752 moved the business to the Strand London. The Dollonds seem to have made both types of telescopes (reflecting and refracting), possessing the technology to produce significant numbers of lenses free of chromatic aberration for refracting telescopes. A Dollond telescope sailed with Captain Cook in 1769 on his voyage to observe the Transit of Venus. Thomas Jefferson and Admiral Lord Nelson were also customers of the Dollonds. Dollond & Co merged with Aitchison & Co in 1927 to form Dollond & Aitchison, the well-known high street chain of opticians, now fully part of Boots Opticians. They no longer manufacture but are exclusively a retail operation.    John Dollond's experiments in optics and how different combinations of lenses refract light and colour gave a better understanding of the divergent properties of lenses. That went on to inform and pave the way for the improvement of our understanding of optics that is represented today. Dollond was referred to in his time as the "Father of practical optics" as a leader in his field he received many prestigious awards. The telescope in the collection is a good example of one of Dollond's early library telescopes. Its connection with one of England's 18th century pioneers in optical development makes it a significant and an important item to have within the collection.Telescope: Dollond's Telescope, Day or Night model navigational instrument. Telescope is mounted on wooden tripod stand that has folding legs. Brass telescope with leather sheath over barrel, adjustable angle fitting with brass wing nuts that join the legs to the top frame, which is then joined to the telescope pole by an adjustable screw fitting. Manufactured by Dollond, London. Inscription reads "Dollond London, Day or Night" and "DOLLOND LONDON"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, telescope, dollond, dollond london, day & night telescope, floor-standing telescope, optical instrument, john dollond, peter dollond, achromatic telescope, heliometer, light refraction, instrument maker, lens, transit of venus, astronomical telescope, concave lens, library telescope, dollond telescope, day or night, day or night telexcope, scientific instrument, navigation, navigational instrument, astronomy

Hand coloured postcard showing the S S Gippsland leaving Kalimna Jetty. Jetty has two sheds on north end of jetty belonging to Kalimna Hotel. Navigation light on south end of jetty. M V Sagitassein lower right corner of photo. Jemmys Point in background with road cutting visible. Kalimna Lakes Entrance VictoriaKalimna Jettyships and shipping, waterways, islands, jetties

Henry Sutton was born in Ballarat into the musical Sutton Family. He is known as an important Australian inventor. Photograph of Hertford Lock. lockkeepers house. A lock is a device used for raising and lowering boats, ships and other watercraft between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. Hertford Lock is situated on the River Lea on the eastern side of Hartham Common, Hertford in the English county of Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by British Waterways and is the first lock of the River Lee Navigation.henry sutton, glass plates, photography, swans

The papers in this work are focused on Thomas Brassey (1836-1918) who was born and educated in England. They include the period 1871-1894, before he accepted the position of Governor of Victori, Australia, in 1895. During that time, he'd won a seat in parliament, which he held for 18 years, and for periods was a civil lord and parliamentary secretary for the Admiralty. He was passionate about the sea and addressed his naval and maritime concerns in public lectures, letters, pamphlets and books. He was also for a time lord-in-waiting to Queen Victoria and president of the Institute of Naval Architects. This book is from Flagstaff Hill's ‘Pattison Collection’, a collection of books and records that was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute, which was founded in Warrnambool in 1853. It was edited by Captain S. Eardley-Wilmot, and published by Longmans, Green and Co. of London. The Longmans, Green and Co. was originally founded in 1724 in London by Thomas Longman under the name Longman. In August of that year, he bought the two shops and goods of William Taylor and set up his publishing house there at 39 Paternoster Row. The shops were called Black Swan and Ship, and it is said that the 'ship' sign was the inspiration for Longman's Logo. After many changes of name and management, the firm was incorporated in 1926 as Longmans, Green & Co. Pty Ltd. The firm was acquired by Pearson in 1968 and was known as Pearson Longman or Pearson PLC. Interestingly, the logo in some books, such as “Steam Turbines 2nd edition, published in 1922” has the year “1724” but the logo in books such as “Advanced Agriculture, published in 1894” has the year “1726” in the logo.The book is significant for publishing historical papers and addresses by Lord Thomas Brassey, former Governor of Victoria before Australia’s Federation. Brassey was passionate about naval and maritime matters in public and government capacities. The work is important for its connection with the publisher Longmans, Green and Co., of London, a firm that has been established for over two centuries, renowned for publishing encyclopedias, dictionaries, books on English grammar, textbooks, poetry, reference books, novels, magazines and more. The book has additional importance for its connection to the Pattison Collection, which, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institutes’ Collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and its important role in people's intellectual, cultural and social development throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance.Papers and Addresses Mercantile Marine and Navigation from 1871 to 1894 Author: Lord Brassey Arranged and Edited Captain S. Eardley-Wilmot Publisher: Longmans Green and Co. Date: 1894 One of a set of six books. Part of the Pattison Collection. Green hardback cover with embossed gold text and label on spine. Inscriptions include a label on the spine, stickers and black handwriting.Label "PAT 359 BRA" Sticker "Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Library" Sticker "Corangamite Regional Library Service" Handwritten text on Fly "(crossed out) G 469 231" and "M" "2397"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, pattison collection, ralph eric pattison, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, mechanics’ institute library, warrnambool library, free library, corangamite regional library service, longmans green and co., thomas longman, paternoster row london, thomas brassey (1836-1918), lord brassey, earl brassey, governor of victoria, politician, civil lord of the admiralty, publicist, naval affairs, maritime affairs, public lectures, parliamentary addresses, author, lord-in-waiting to queen victoria, president of the institute of naval architects, captain s. eardley-wilmot, papers and addresses, mercantile marine and navigation, 1871-1894

The VOC sent its trading ships to the (then) Dutch East Indies to collect spices and other goods. In the 17th century accurate navigation was not always possible and ships might end up on the wild, unchartered West Australian coastline. Item recalls the fact that the WA coast was unintentionally visited by Dutch ships during the 17th and 18th centuries. Because the coast was so unattractive the Dutch did not try to settle the country.Large rectangular timber plaque with scalloped edges depicting historic shipwrecks of Western Australia.An insert reads: "Historic Shipwrecks of Western Australia (Protected as of 1983). Coastal cities are marked with their names and dots along the coastline indicate wreck sites. Most are named and dated; others marked as unidentified. An inset map deals with the area around Fremantle and shows a large number of wrecks. A separate typed notice attached to the map identifies the five known Dutch wrecks - all ships of the VOC - Vereennigde East Indian Compagnie (Dutch East India Company). Further than that there are a distance scale and a compass.

The sculptural installation was a gift from the Portuguese government and presented to Warrnambool City Council. The sculptor, Jose Nuncio, completed the work in 1999, and it was inaugurated at Warrnambool in 2001. Prince Henry the Navigator founded a school of navigation in Sagres, Portugal. This led to navigation techniques that made the 15th century voyages of discovery possible. The vision of Prince Henry brought together ship builders, cartographers, instrument makers and mathematicians. Vasco de Gama rounded the southern tip of Africa and sailed across the Indian Ocean to India in 1496. This started a new era of trade and exploration, expanding the boundaries of the known world, and linking the east with west.Six colour photographs of a sculptural installation at Warrnambool. Busts of Vasco De Gama and Prince Henry the Navigator feature in the installation. Images also include two informative plaques containing information on De Gama and the Prince.warrnambool, exploration, navigator, de gama, prince henry the navigator, portugal, portuguese, david atkinson, john pandazopoulos

An Open Air Campaigner entertains a group of children at Garden City reserve. Behind him, the inland ship navigation Beacon is on the left and the BO building to the right. This building was used for several years in the 1980's as the location for the Port Melbourne Library.B & W photograph of Garden City Reserve with Open Air Campaigner.built environment - industrial, built environment - recreational facilities, beacon, open air campaigners, port melbourne free library

Bass Strait passenger ship Nairana. Built for Bass Strait ferry operator Huddart Parker & Co. Ltd. of Melbourne during World War One, the Nairana was requisitioned by the Royal Navy and completed as a seaplane carrier, HMS Nairana. Serving from 1917 to 1920 participating in the capture of Archangel during the Bolshevik Revolution. After 1920 she was decommissioned as a seaplane carrier and returned to her Australian owners crossing Bass Strait until she was laid up in 1948. Just off Port Phillip Heads on April 12 1936, a strong wave struck the Nairana, tipping her over for two minutes before she righted herself again. During the horrifying two minutes, four people were drowned, and eight people were injured. The ship was reportedly carrying roughly one tonne of concrete in the hull when she tipped. Reports from the local papers said that it was a tidal wave meanwhile others were saying it was either an earthquake or a total lie. A later paper said that the ship had been caught in a rip at the mouth of the bay, causing the tragedy. The S.S Nairana, was sold for £4,000 (over $170,200 in today’s money!) in 1951 after two years of being stranded on the beach at Port Melbourne, when the moorings broke one night during a storm and drifted ashore, causing her to wreck.Items associated with the TSS/HMS Nairana in its military and civilian roles and items relating to Capt. JF Spence, navigation Officer and possibly later the captain who sailed with the Nairana out of Plymouth after WWI. .01 Barometer and Clock from Dining Saloon .02 Commemorative plaque describing the HMS Nairana's WWI service with timber mount for plaque with information sheet attached. .03 Clock Key .04 Two 2 Log books owned by Capt. Spence containing the navigation calculations for the journey from Plymouth to Melbourne. .05 Huddart Parker hat badge [Capt. JF Spence].Barometer and Clock from dining saloon, TSS Nairana 1917 - 1951 Clock Key - 4 50-No9 Hat badge - HPtss nairana, wwi, bass strait, huddart parker, capt. spence

A ship's rudder indicator is used for measuring the angle of slope or pitch of the vessel. The information can be used to adjust the steering of the ship to give safe navigation. The rudder indicator transmitter once contained in this box was battery operated, according to the label inside this box. Box, wooden, used to store a battery operated Siemen's ship's rudder indicator. Made in the United Kingdom. Descriptive leaflet glued inside hinged lid. Lid secured by hooked catch. Brass latch. Metal mounting plate. Hole drilled in back. Dovetail joints. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, siemen's brothers london, siemen's rudder indicator box, nautical instrument for measuring pitch or slope, scientific instrument box, navigational instrument box

This is a set of 31 photographs of Army Survey Regiment personnel undertaking regimental training in the Wellsford Forest, Bendigo, c1988. The aim of the training was to provide personnel a practical knowledge of infantry and minor tactics at the section level, navigation and map reading, RATEL and Survival in the Field. This is a set of 31 photographs of the Army Survey Regiment undertaking regimental training in the Wellsford Forest, Bendigo. c1988. The photographs were printed on photographic paper and negatives are on 35mm film. They are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 300 dpi and negatives at 96 dpi .1) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified personnel. .2) - Photo, black & white, c1988, CPL Terry ‘TJ’ Wicker 3rd from right. .3) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified personnel. .4) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified personnel. .5) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: CPL Steve Coulson, unidentified. .6) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: SPR Kerron South, unidentified – radio, unidentified personnel, SPR Wally Twidale. .7) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified – radio, .8) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: CPL John Bettridge, SPR Wally Twidale, SPR Shane ‘Soupy’ Campbell. .9) - Photo, black & white, c1988, SPR Kerron South .10) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: unidentified, CPL Terry ‘TJ’ Wicker, unidentified. .11) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified personnel. .12) - Photo, black & white, c1988. .13) - Photo, black & white, c1988. .14) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: unidentified personnel, SPR Kerron South .15) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified, CPL Terry ‘TJ’ Wicker, unidentified. .16) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: unidentified personnel, SPR Jim Ash. .17) - Photo, black & white, c1988, MAJ Rene van den Tol .18) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: WO2 Pat Lumsden, SPR Sue (Foote) Bourne. .20) - Photo, black & white, c1988, vehicles. .21) - Photo, black & white, c1988, tentage. .21) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: MAJ Roger Rix, CAPT Dave Sankey, MAJ Bob Roche, unidentified. .23) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: WO2 Alan Bunn, unidentified. .24) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified personnel. .25) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified personnel. .26) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified personnel. .27) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: unidentified personnel, WO2 Rob Bogumil. .28) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified personnel. .29) - Photo, black & white, c1988, unidentified personnel. .30) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: SPR Sue (Foote) Bourne, SPR Tracy (Parker) Ash. .31) - Photo, black & white, c1988, L to R: SPR Tracy (Parker) Ash, SPR Sue (Foote) Bourne..1P to .31P – No personnel are identifiedroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr

A sextant is an astronomical instrument used to determine latitude and longitude at sea by measuring angular distances, especially the altitudes of the sun, moon, and stars. It is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument and used mainly by sailors to measure the angular distance between two visible objects. The name comes from the Latin sextans, or “sixth part of a unit,” because the sextant’s arc can be 60° or 120° of a circle depending on the model used. The primary use was to measure the angle between an astronomical object and the horizon for the purposes of celestial navigation. The estimation of this angle is known as sighting or shooting the object, or taking a sight. This angle and the time when it was measured is used in order to determine Greenwich Mean Time and hence longitude. Sighting the height of a landmark on land can also give a measure of distance from that object. History: The development of the sextant was as an improvement over the octant, an instrument designed to measure one's latitude. The octant was first implemented around 1731-present but can only measure angles up to 45°. As larger angles were needed to allow the measurement of lunar objects - moon, stars and the sun - at higher angles, the octant was superseded by the sextant. The sextant is a similar instrument but better made and allows larger angles from 60° to 120°. This improvement allows distances to be accurately calculated thereby giving longitude when used with a chronometer. The sextant was derived from the octant in 1757, eventually making all previous instruments used for navigational positioning obsolete. The sextant had been attributed to by John Hadley (1682–1744) and Thomas Godfrey (1704–1749), but reference to the sextant was also found later in the unpublished writings of Isaac Newton (1643–1727). Earlier links can be found to Bartholomew Gosnold (1571–1607) indicating that the use of a sextant for nautical navigation predates Hadley's implementation. In 1922, the sextant was modified for aeronautical navigation by Portuguese navigator and naval officer Gago Coutinho. It should be noted that the octant and quadrant are in the same family as they were, and all are, regarded as sextants. The sextant is representative of it's type and although not fully complete it demonstrates how 18th,19th and 20th century mariners determined their latitude and longitudinal to determine their position on a chart, allowing them to navigate there way across the world's oceans. It also demonstrates the skill and workmanship of the early instrument makers that operated scientific instrument businesses from London and other areas of England to provide most of the navigational instrumentation used by commercial and military navies of the time.Sextant with square, fitted box of polished wood, "Hezzanith" brand. Box contains many parts for the sextants use. On certificate "Heath & Co, London. Sextant Number Y 822". Catch on lid "DEFIANT LEVER" and "PATENT NUMBER 187.10". Maker's certificate is attached to the inside of the box.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, sextant box, sextant, hezzanith, heath & co, navigational instrument, george wilson heath, astronomical instrument, instrument manufacturers, scientific instrument, navigation, celestial navigation, octant, quadrant, lunar navigation

Air Navigation Facility, Palara Court Montmorency, is made up of a tower and brick building surrounded by wire fences. It is sited in parkland at the end of Palara Court close to the Plenty River Trail. Warning signs are placed on the fences, including: "This facility is provided for the control and guidance of aircraft".Digital copy of colour photographair navigation facility, air control, palara court montmorency