This bellows was used at the Warrnambool Racecourse by Master Farrier, Brian Chapman (1931-2017), during the 1970s but its history before then is still being investigated. The bellows have continued to be used from 1978 at Flagstaff Hill's blacksmith's workshop. Even today, in 2021, this same bellows are used by a volunteer blacksmith as he demonstrate the skills and tells of the importance of the blacksmith trade to colonial Australia. This 1860s double-action bellows is a typical form of blacksmith's or shipsmith's bellows. The end is forge-fitted with an iron nozzle or tube, called a tuyere or Tue iron, which concentrates the air to fan the fire or furnace. Tuyeres were traditionally made of cow horn. The double-action design of this bellows efficiently moves air both in and out of the chambers in the one movement of the long handle. The bellows was manufactured by John C. Onions of Birmingham, England, between 1862 and 1875. The stamp with the text, Gold Medal 1862, was also used on the business’ advertising. In 1875 the company was registered and began using the name John C. Onions Limited. JOHN C. ONIONS - John C. (Collingwood) Onions (1841-1904) was the son of a bellows maker of the same name. Onions (born 1841) and his wife Helen married in 1867 and they named one of their children John Collingwood Onions (1868-1913), as was the family tradition. He was well known as a Birmingham manufacturer of patented bellows and other forge-related equipment. He sold to the wholesale and retail markets for both local and overseas customers, including the British colonies. An 1862 advertisement points out that John C. Onions was a “Bellows manufacturer and contractor to Her Majesty’s Honourable Board of Ordinance” and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French [Napoleon Bonaparte]”. The advertisement includes a sketched portrait of the Emperor Napoleon III, and an Imperial Autograph Letter dated May 23, 1854, from Napoleon, Palace of the Tulleries to Mr J C Onions of Bradford Street, Birmingham. In 1863 the company registered a patent on portable forges. In 1871 there were eight employees. John C. Onions Limited became a registered company in 1875. In 1876 an advertisements included that the company were smiths for hearths and tools in general and showed a row of six medallions including one with “Napoleon III, Emperor” and his portrait, and another “ _ _ _ 1862 MEDAL”. Their advertising motto was “For Excellence of Quality”. In 1885 the company merged with William Allday and Sons to become Allday and Onions. This mid-19th century bellows has local historical significance as it were once used by blacksmiths at the Warrnambool Racecourse in the annual racing event that continues today. This bellows is significant as a working example of equipment used in the 1800 and 1900s in the trace of blacksmiths and other metal working smiths. The bellows is technologically significant as it shows the progress from simple bellows to the double-action bellows, a time saving and efficient improvement. The manufacturer John C. Onions is historically significant as a family business that began in the 1600s and continued up until the 1980s.Bellows; large, oval, mechanical double-action smith’s bellows, manually operated, in working condition. The paddles of wood that form the top, middle sections and base of the bellows have flexible leather pieces attached firmly between them, forming airtight double lungs. Cut-outs in the panels allow the bellows to fill with air then force it out. A long handle is connected to pump the bellows and control the quantity and force of the air. The blasts of air are forced through the metal nozzle or tuyere at the end of the bellows and into the forge’s fire. Inscriptions are impressed into the wood on the upper paddle or board of the bellows. There are three circular stamps containing text. Text impressed in the wooden upper paddle of the bellows has been assumed to read “JOHN C. ONIONS, PATENTEES & MANUFACTURERS, BIRMINGHAM””?” “EXTRA” “AWARDED FOR EXCELLENCE OF QUALITY”, made from the following readable text :- “JOHN C ONIONS“ “PATENT - - - & MAN - - - - - - - - -“, “BIR - - - - HAM“, “ _ ERA - - - - “- XTRA-“, “- - - - - - - FOR EXCELL-“ “OF - - - - ITY” Text in the stamp “ - - ECE - - “, “ - - - - - / 1862 / MEDAL”, “- ITY” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, john collingwood onions, john c onions, allday and onions, bellows, smith’s bellows, 19th century bellows, double-action bellows, double-acting bellows, double lung bellows, double chamber bellows, blacksmith tools, blacksmith trade, blacksmith craft, blacksmith equipment, forging equipment, john c onions patented double-action bellows, brian chapman, warrnambool racecourse, blacksmith, shipsmith, iron smith, mechanical bellows

Copy photograph of a postcard featuring Victorian Railways Tram No. 2 at Elwood Depot. Based on the photo on page 6 of The Brighton Electric Line by Leon Marshall Wood, it is one of the original fleet which destroyed by the depot fire on 7/3/1907. See item 1351. Has the driver and possibly a conductor on the platform. Shows both destinations of St Kilda and Brighton. Yields information about the first VR tram No. 2 at Elwood DepotBlack and white copy photograph of a postcard with remnants of adhesive tape on the rear.tramways, vr trams, elwood depot, st kilda brighton, tram 2

Book - Rexene embossed covers, with title embossed in Gold, "Hawthorn Tramways Trust - Rules, Regulations and By-Laws" and "By-Law, No. 1" in top left hand corner. Four sections, stitch bound, 64 pages plus inside covers, printed by J.J. Miller Print Co. Pty Ltd., 19-25 Russell St, Melbourne. See page 58 for date of Board Resolution for By-Law - 2 March 1917 On first page, has details of who the book is loaned to, Name and Employed as. Provides the Rules and Regulations of the Trust concerning Accidents, fire, general instructions, signals, uniforms, staff working, pilot working, special instructions to Motormen and Conductors, tickets, tolls and charges. Details By-Laws, 1916. On page 58 has the Seal of the Trust and those who signed the document and on page 59, as List of doctors along each line, ambulance, Hospital and Telephone directory of senior officers. Signed by D. H. Dureau, J.V.M. Wood, F. F. Read and A. M. Hislop. Extract re Staff and ticket rules added 19-12-2016.1916 in ink in top left hand corner, inside cover.trams, tramways, hawthorn tramways trust, htt, motormen, certificates, rules

A steam boiler like this late 18th century boiler, is often called a colonial boiler. Steam boilers were used in factories throughout Australia, mounted over similar designs of brick furnaces. This heat from the fire travels through the tubes in this fire tube boiler and the water heats as it circulates around them. Another kind of boiler is a water tube boiler, in which the water is inside the tubes and the heat of the combustion surrounds the tubes. The boiler in our collection burned wood as fuel but others of this design could also burn coal, coke, gas and liquid fuels. The boiler was made by T & F Johnson, boilermakers. In 1922 their factory was located at Coventry Street, South Melbourne. They were still advertising their 'Colonial, multi, vertical boilers, all sizes' at the same address in 1934. The connected pressure gauge, made in London by Dewrance, measures 0 to 400 pounds per square inch. John Dewrance is renowned as a pioneer of the steam locomotive in the early 19th century. He founded John Dewrance & Co. in South London in 1844. His son Sir John Dewrance took over in 1879. In 1939 the company became a subsidiary of Babcock & Wilcox, and was eventually owned by Emerson. How the boiler works: - A boiler is about two-thirds filled with water and heat is applied, in this case in the form of burning wood. The heat is transferred through the metal of the boiler to the water. When the water boils the steam rises to the top, and as it escapes from the boiler the steam pressure builds up in the steam space to later be released to do work; drive machinery such as ship and train engines, turbines, presses, wheels, and driving belts to operate looms and saws. The heat associated with the boiler can be used for preserving food, sterilising, factory manufacturing processes, and steaming wood for shipbuilding. Every boiler has several components fitted for safe operation: - - Safety valves - Gauge glass - Pressure gauge - Main steam stop valve - Water check valve - Blowdown valve - Manhole doorThe boiler is a significant item that gives us a snapshot of early Melbourne's industrial history. It is an example of the technological advancement during the Industrial Revolution where steam-driven machinery and motors could perform tasks more efficiently than manual labour. The makers were one of many boilermaker businesses in Melbourne during the early late-19th andearly 20th centuries. The maritime trade and skills of boilermaking are still learned and applied today. The Dewrance steam pressure gauge connected to the boiler was made by the London firms foundered by John Dewrance. He was renowned for developing the steam locomotive in the early 19th century.Boiler; a horizontal cylindrical underfired steam boiler. It is a multi-tubular design and is timber plank-clad, with brass fittings and pressure gauges. The boiler has an iron door at one end with a metal chimney above it. It is installed over a brick-enclosed solid fuel furnace. Two large, wood-mounted pressure gauges are connected to the boiler and have inscriptions. An inscription is on a red, cast iron plaque above the boiler door. The boiler's maker is T & F Johnson, South Melbourne. One of the pressure gauges was made by Dewrance, London..Maker's plate: "T & F JOHNSON / BOILERMAKERS / SOUTH MELBOURNE" Pressure gauge: "POUNDS PRESSURE / PER [square] INCH / DEWRANCE LONDON"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, boiler, multi tube boiler, steam boiler, steam technology, underfired boiler, horizontal boiler, timber clad boiler, steam power, industrialisation, boilermakers, south melbourne, dewrance, john dewrance, pressure gauge, dewrance pressure gauge, t & f johnson, london, steam engine, steam locomotive, pounds per square inch, 19th century, steam machine, johnson tyne foundry, colonial boiler, fire tube boiler

Poster, printed on coated fabric, wooden hanger on top. Yellow background, printed in red and blue. 'Code of Signals, Section 45 (19) of the Mines Act 1961. lode and alluvial mines, signals for winding' Signals: 1 stop when in motion, 1 heave up, 2 lower, 3 hold fast danger, 4 pause men coming to surface, 6 cage at liberty, 7 change tanks or cages, 8 put drum in or out of gear, 9 turn air on or off, 10 accident, 15 serious accident. Also lists firing signals. Advertisements for suppliers to mining companies around border of poster. E.g. Jaques Bros., Engineers, Coppin Street, Richmond, Melbourne. Ore and Stone Breakers manufactured in various sizes (has illustration of machine). James Hardie & Co., 581 Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Necessaries for success in mining enterprises are: Dick's original balata belting to drive your machinery with; Genuine Dodge wood split pulleys on the shafting, and fibro ciment(sic) sheets to protect you from fire. These sheets are also acid-proof.bendigo, mining, code of signals

Article transcribed from the Bendigo Advertiser, 20th August 1986.Handwritten copy of a report in the Bendigo Advertiser 19th, 20th and 21st August 1894 of an explosion and fire at the South Belle Vue Mine Enginehouse. Water pressure was a problem with their fire fighting efforts. While this was happening a messenger came to say the Engine house at the True Blue Mine was also on fire. Both fires were believed to be deliberately lit. A resident saw a man carrying a lighted torch through the bush. Notes prepared by Albert Richardson.document, gold, south belle vue mine, south belle vue mine, true blue mine, fire at the south belle vue & true blue mines, angus kennedy, mr r woods, capt houston, national ins. coy, mr cottie

BHS CollectionBendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2002. Bonding: Will Robins and Arthur, his 10th son, would travel to a hut in the bush every weekend. On Saturdays, the pair would dig for gold, and on Sundays they would catch rabbits and gather wood to take home to King Street for the fire. Photo taken in 1924.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

This iron poker is a piece of equipment essential for the open fireplaces used for 19th and early 20th century domestic heating.A long steel vintage fire poker with a turned knob handle and square reinforced pointed end. It was used to move wood and logs in an open fire.fireplace accessories, fireplaces, fire irons, pokers

The cast iron combustion stove is significant as part of the evolution of domestic cooking. Previously, cooking was mostly carried out in the outdoors on open fires, and later in fireplaces indoors. The cast iron combustion stove is significant as part of the evolution of domestic cooking. Cast iron stoves burn solid fuel such as wood or coal, and are used for cooking and warmth. The stoves have a firebox with a grate where the fuel is burned. The hot air flows through flues and baffles that heat the stove top and the oven. By the 1920s gas cookers were being introduced for domestic use, and by the 1930s electric home cookers were being offered to householders. A vintage cast iron kitchen stove set in the back wall of the Mont De Lancey Slab Kitchen. It has two steel decorative hinged doors with a handle to open and close. There is one pull out metal shelf in each compartment. Between the two doors is a round door which opens to reveal the wood box with a slatted base. This allows the ash and small coals from the fire to fall though to a pull-out tray below to be emptied outside when cooled. There is another lift-out kid to clean the ash and coals underneath.On the chimney plate 'Andrews, Patent Non Pariel' On the front of the stove below the round wood box 'C Andrews Geelong'cooking equipment, cooking stoves, fuel cooking stoves, domestic ovens

This iron poker is a piece of equipment essential for use in open fireplaces or in wood stoves which was used for 19th and early 20th century domestic heating or cooking.A long steel vintage fire poker with a small finger loop at the end of the handle and a bent hook shape at the end. It was used to move wood and logs in an open fire.fireplace accessories, fireplaces, fire irons, pokers, fuel cooking stoves

A spiral bound volume including colour topographic maps and illustrations of North East Victoria. The cover features a collage of colour photo of North East Victoria including a CFA firefighter in a truck with members of his family beside it. The book also features a key map, explanation of map references and symbols, localities index. Alphabetical road indexes for Wodonga, Albury, Wangaratta and Benalla as well as township maps and alphabetical road indexes for smaller communities are included.The CFA North East Rural Directory for Regions 23 and 24 was designed to assist fire brigades and other emergency services in responding to calls in the North East region of Victoria. Its purpose was to minimize response times to emergency situations by providing accurate and detailed information about all of the localities in the regions. District 23 is based at Wangaratta and Extends as far south as Woods Point. District 24 is centred in Wodonga and extends past Corryong to the New South Wales border following the Murray River. It also includes Falls Creek and Mount Hotham.emergency management north east victoria, cfa region 24, cfa wodonga, cfa region 23

James Woods No NX29622, born Wee Waa NSW enlisted in the 2nd AIF on 10.6.40. Serving in the Middle East with 2/2nd Machine Gun Batt he was awarded the Military Medal for " Conspicious and outstanding control of fire during the period 10 July - 2 August in the Tel El Eisa area". WIA with GSW's to chest and back he was discharged medically unfit on 4.6.43 with the rank of Cpl.Medal set, brass plate mounted, set of (6) re H.J.Woods 1. Military Medal. 2. 1939-45 Star, not engraved but original. 3. Africa Star, not engraved but original. 4. Defence Medal. 5. War Medal 1939-45. 6. Australian Service Medal 1939 - 45"NX29622 Cpl H.J.Woods. AIF"medals, military, bravery, history

Reproduction unglazed ceramic bust.Engraved on back: "The Rev John Wesley M.A. Fellow of Lincoln College Oxford and founder of Methodism. He sat for this bust to Mr Enoch Wood, Sculptor Burslem 1781 and died in 1791 aged 88 years". "Is not this a brand plucked out of the fire".john wesley, methodism, lincoln college oxford

Framed (brown wood) caricature of Aileen Reed (wife of Alan Reed) in a red bikini against a background Map of North and South CarolinaAILEEN REED XXXXX KEPT THE HOME FIRES BURNING JUNE 1968framed picture, alan reed