index, ill, maps, p.125.non-fictionA history of the Oakleigh to Fairfield 'Outer Circle' railway in Melbourne Victoria.railroad construction - victoria - history, outer circle railway - victoria - history

This specimen was recovered from Mica Schist, Canada. Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of CuFeS2. Its name derives from the Greek words for copper (chalco-) and brass (pyrite). It can be found in shades of yellow, green and grey, and, when exposed to acid, it can change to purple, blue, violet and yellow tones. Weathering can cause loss of its metallic luster and its brass-yellow colour. Chalcopyrite forms under various conditions, with the most significant deposits being hydrothermal in their origin. It is known globally as the most important ore of copper for thousands of years, and is thus considered a very important mineral formation. Given its golden appearance, it is often confused for the mineral gold, earning it the popular reputation as 'fool's gold' or 'yellow copper'. However, it can be straightforwardly distinguished from gold; the latter is soft, with higher specific gravity and a yellow streak, whereas chalcopyrite is brittle, easily scratched by a nail, and has a greenish grey streak. Copper was the first metal that was used by people. It was discovered by the Neolithic man about 9,000 years ago and it gradually replaced stone as it was easier to be shaped. In Australia, search for copper began after the European settlement, leading to the discovery of substantial deposits, like the one at the Olympic Dam in South Australia, which is regarded as one of the largest copper deposits in the world. Chalcopyrite has been used for copper since smelting processes began approximately five thousand years ago. Although by no means rare, this the specimen of this mineral can be used to reflect a wider history of industrial uses of copper for a significant portion of human history. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized copper iron sulfide mineral of brass yellow, often with an iridescent tarnish, with greenish-black streak and submetallic luster. Chalcopyrite can be formed in several ways, including crystalizing from accessory minerals in igneous rocks, or from magma or within volcano sulfide deposits. Most commonly, chalcopyrite are found in hydrothermal conditions, where it forms in hydrothermal veins. As a member of the tetragonal crystal system, it often takes the shape of tetra-headed crystals, often with striations along the sides of the crystals. #18 Copper pyrites/(chalcopyrite) in/Laurentian Slate/(page 315 of inventory)/page missing from/descriptive catalogue/ Other label: 81 /fool's gold, chalcopyrite, mineral, rock, geology, geological, hydrothermal, neolithic, european settlement, olympic dam, south australia, stone, deposits, specific gravity, greenish grey streak, brittle, mineral gold, metallic luster, cufes2, greek words

ill, maps, p.58.non-fictionA brief history of the railway station at Gordon on the Melbourne to Ballarat line from its construction to its restoration by the Australian Railway Historical Society Victorian Division.railroad construction - victoria - history, ballarat railway - victoria - history

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.104.non-fictionA history of the company which operated from 1906 to 1927, supplying firewood to Bendigo. Includes details of rolling stock and the line. Includes illustrations. Toobaroc is in the Shire of Mitchell local government area.fuelwood industry -- victoria -- tooborac -- history., logging railroads -- victoria -- tooborac -- history.

bib, ill, maps, p.49.non-fictionA history of problems building the railways in South Australia.railway construction - south australia - history, railway construction - australia

bib, ill, maps, p.184.non-fictionA thesis for the degree of Master of Arts at Melbourne University on the history of railway engineers and their relationship with Victorian politicians in the period 1852 to 1881.railway construction - australia, railway construction - victoria - history

ill, maps, p.40.non-fictionA promotional book by the Western Australian Government Railways about progress in the railways over the last 85 years up to 1963.railway history - western australia, railway construction - australia

ill, maps, p.32.non-fictionA promotional book by the Western Australian Government Railways about progress in the railways up to 1966.modern railways - western australia, railway achievements - western australia

ill, maps, p.88.non-fictionA pictorial history of the last 125 years of the Tasmanian Railways up to 1996.railway history - tasmania, railway history - australia

Index, ill, maps, p.72.non-fictionA list of railway and tramway societies preserving and operating rollingstock and rail and tram heritage in Australiarailway and tramway preservation - australia, rail and tram preservation societies - australia

Index, ill, maps, p.112.non-fictionThe annual directory of rail and tramway preservation in Australiarailway and tramway preservation - australia, rail and tram preservation societies - australia

Index, ill, maps, p.63.non-fictionA list of Australian tourist railways and museums in 1993railway and tramway preservation - australia, tourist railways and museums - australia

Index, ill, maps, p.96.non-fictionA list of Australian tourist railways and museums in 1994railway and tramway preservation - australia, tourist railways and museums - australia

Index, ill, maps, p.104.non-fictionA list of Australian tourist railways and museums in 1995railway and tramway preservation - australia, tourist railways and museums - australia

Index, ills, maps, p.143.non-fictionA list of heritage railways and museums in Australia in 1997railway and tramway preservation - australia, tourist railways and museums - australia

Index, ills, maps, p.320.non-fictionA list of heritage railways and museums in Australia in 2010railway and tramway preservation - australia, tourist railways and museums - australia

ill, maps, p.32.non-fictionDetails of the rollingstock collection at the Australian Electric Transport Museum - St Kilda South Australiatramway museum - south australia, railway and tramway preservation - australia

ill, maps, p.20.non-fictionThe history and rollingstock collection of the Hotham Valley Tourist Railway in Pinjarra Western Australiarailway and tramway preservation - australia, hotham valley tourist railway - western australia

ill, map, p.44.non-fictionThe history and rollingstock collection of the Hotham Valley Tourist Railway in Pinjarra Western Australiahotham valley tourist railway - western australia, tourist railways and museums - australia

ill, maps, p.7.non-fictionA description of the Hotham Valley Tourist Railway from Pinjarra to Boddington and the rollingstock and locomotives.hotham valley tourist railway - western australia, tourist railways and museums - australia

ill, maps, p.12.non-fictionA short history and rollingstock collection of the Hotham Valley Railway in Pinjarra Western Australiarailway and tramway preservation - australia, hotham valley tourist railway - western australia

ill, maps, p.72.non-fictionDetails of the locomotives and rollingstock at the Dorrigo Steam Railway & Museum in Northern NSWdorrigo steam railway & museum - nsw, tourist railways and museums - australia

maps, p.55.non-fictionA submission to the Government of New South Railways about the future of the New South Wales Rail Transport Museum at Enfield Sydney NSWenfield railway museum - sydney nsw, tourist railways and museums - australia

Index, bib, ill, map, p.114.non-fictionThe story of the break in railway gauge in Australia and the various attempts that have been made to overcome it.railway gauge - australia, railways - australia - history

ill, maps, p.23.non-fictionAn illustrated guide to the locomotive & rollingstock collection of the Australian Railway Historical Society (Vic Division) Railway Museum in 1964.arhs railway museum north williamstown - victoria, tourist railways and museums - australia

ill, maps, p.31.non-fictionAn illustrated guide to the locomotive & rollingstock collection of the Australian Railway Historical Society (Vic Division) Railway Museum in 1968.arhs railway museum north williamstown - victoria, tourist railways and museums - australia

ill, maps, p.31.non-fictionAn illustrated guide to the locomotive & rollingstock collection of the Australian Railway Historical Society (Vic Division) Railway Museum in 1962.arhs railway museum north williamstown - victoria, tourist railways and museums - australia

ill, maps, p.56.non-fictionAn illustrated history of the Vintage train operations in Victora.the vintage train - victoria, tourist railways and museums - australia

ill, maps, p.32.non-fictionAn illustrated history of the Vintage train operations in Victora.the vintage train - victoria, tourist railways and museums - australia

ill, maps, p.6.non-fictionIllustrated history of the Belmont Common Railway in Geelong & a description of their locomotives & rollingstockthe belmont common railway - geelong, tourist railways and museums - australia