Poster - featuring a photo of a cable tram in Elizabeth St at Pelham St, 12 small cable tram tickets and four bell punch tickets, along with a leather button ticket pin holder and four safety pins. Items placed on a large sheet of cardboard with a green overlay. The photo, pin holder and four small tickets and the bell punch strip tickets glued onto a off white sheet with brass folded pins securing the items to the green card. The rest of the tickets glued to the green card. Underneath is a small sign with the words in blue and red colours "Cable Tram Conductor's Ticket Pins". Photo - grip car - well loaded showing destination of Brunswick and a sign on the side "Direct to Football". Behind the Gripman is a conductor. Bogie cable trailer 480. In the background is the building on the corner of Elizabeth St and Pelham St (still there in 2018) and in the background is Evan Evans the flag makers building. 192H x 248W - has silver fish damage along top edge, lifting in the top left hand corner from the backing sheet and minor edge damage. Dirt marks Small Tickets from Top left hand to Bottom right hand. Tickets 1, 4 to 8 - torn from a strip - pre-purchased? Tickets 9 to 12, torn from a block. Each Ticket has been separately imaged. T1 - 1 1/2d City Tram ticket - Trip Slip -MTO-Co - pink card with purple ink - faded, punched - 27H x 59W T2 - Transfer, MMTB, from Carlton and Prahran lines to other lines as indicated by punch marks with times by the quarter hour - green print on off white card - 31H x 71W - faded. T3 - as above - but not so faded, part town in bottom left hand corner. T4 - 1 1/2d - cable tram section ticket - MMTB - brown print on yellow card - not punched - 24H x 58W T5 - as for 1 - but MMTB - green print on yellow card - heavily creased - 26H x 57W T6 - similar to 5, smaller dimensions and not heavily creased. T7 - 1 1/2d general ticket - detailing lines or section - red ink on pink card - 26H x 56W T8 - 2d - MTCo - Adult or two children under 12, single, black ink on blue card - 24H x 58W T9 - Prahran and Toorak cable tramways check ticket - transfer - conditions on ticket - has 114 in top right hand corner, orange paper, black ink, MMTB - 36H x 67W. T10 - Carlton and Prahran - as for 9, with 17 in top right hand corner, grey paper with black printing - 38H x 65W. T11 - Carlton, N. Carlton, Prahran, St Kilda - as above - 105, brown paper, black ink - 38H x 65W T12 - as for 9, but with 74 in top right hand corner - 35H x 71W Strip tickets - left to right S1 - 1 1/2D, bell punch type - 15 fares - purple card black printing - Up ticket - 182H x 39W S2 - ditto - down direction, no conductor details - 182H x 37W S3 - ditto - 3d, Up direction, orange card, black print - 182H x 39W - has some dirt marks S4 - ditto - 3d down direction - 138H x 38W - has some dirt marks. Leather buckle - cut leather with a strip to secure the pins - button hole on the base with four safety pins placed into it. Pins have rust marks and general deterioration. Leather - 90H x 45W, pins - 3 about 90H x 25W and one 55H x 16W. See Reg Item 1923 for the use of the pins and leather buckle.trams, tramways, cable trams, brunswick, elizabeth st, football, tickets, conductors, mmtb, mto co, transfer tickets, tram 480, trip slips

Sign - metal strip, with folded edges, 8 countersunk screw holes (some offset compared to the top ones), painted cream back with black letters "Never get on or off while the car is in motion / Call attention of Conductor or Gripman to stop the Car."trams, tramways, signs, cable trams, conductors, passengers, gripmen

Contract document contained within a manila file cover titled "Contract - Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Co. for Additions to Car Shed at Brunswick 1910". Comprises: 1 - three preprinted "Articles on Contract" completed in ink for the relevant contract clauses for the builder - Wilson Sly of Elsternwick by the Architect Inskip & Kemp. for the sum of 397 pounds, dated 14/5/1910. 2 - 7 ruled sheets with TE watermark and a hand written specification for the work with pencil notes. Signed by Wilson Sly and H.A. Wilcox Secretary of the MTCo. 3 - Sheets pinned together with a brass nickel plated clip in the top left hand corner.trams, tramways, brunswick, brunswick depot, mto co, construction, depots, cable trams

Listing of various ACTS of Parliament that affected the MMTB etc. .1 - List of "Tramway Acts since 1890" - 5 full foolscap ruled sheets, but only one half used - hand written listing all tramway Acts including country tramways (railways) from 1890 to 1958. .2 - one sheet as above - titled "Motor car Acts" - c1915 to 1951 .3 - one sheet as above - titled "Acts relating to Omnibuses" .4 - three sheets as above titled "Acts relating to tramways'" - summary sheet 1883 to 1955' .5 - one sheet as above titled "Tramway Act on Tramway board specifically mentioned or reference in another Act" e.g. the Spencer St bridge Act.trams, tramways, mto co, cable trams, parliament, acts of parliament, order in council, regulations, mmtb, tramways, railways, buses

See image 2085i4 for tender re brake blocks detailing the type of cast iron and the Brinell hardness.Demonstrates MMTB tender documents of 1923.Manila colour file marked "Specifications" containing 25 different specifications of the MMTB 1922 to 1925. Not all dated, generally foolscap sheets either pinned or stapled. Dated Tender No. For supply of: 30/6/1925 157 Steel castings Not dated Ballast Hopper trucks 1923 Steelwork for electric and cable tramway crossings Pamphlet Monier Pipes and box culverts Pamphlet Monier – septic tanks and aerators Not dated 229 Purchase of removal of cottages 101 to 107 Bouverie St Carlton Not dated Side tipping ballast trucks 18/7/1923 226 Brake shoes - see pdf file for a full scan 18/7/1923 222 Steel tramway tyres 18/7/1923 220 Concrete Mixing Plants Not dated 219 Dressed wooden poles 9/5/1923 215 Bricks 19/4/1923 214 Reinforced Concrete fencing posts 20/3/1923 213 Tramway steel wire ropes 28/3/1923 212 Painting exterior of 673 Bourke St Melbourne Not dated 210 Alterations to offices at Rathdowne St depot Not dated 202 80lb steel rails and fishplates 5/1/1923 198 GE201 Motors 6/12/1922 197 Hydraulic pit jacks 6/12/1922 195 Supply of Low tension feeder cable Not dated 194 Supply of high tension cable 4/12/1922 188 Supply of hard drawn trolley wire 6/11/1922 186 Dressed wooden poles 20/11/1922 182 Steel Poles 20/12/1922 171 Erection and completion of new car depot Glen Huntly Roadtrams, tramways, mmtb, tenders, specification, trackwork, motors, cables, poles, ballast wagons, glenhuntly tram depot, brake blocks

Timetable printed on manila coloured car, folded into three, with red and black ink, titled "Timetable of first and last trams". Gives details of the first and last services from the City for each street and the respective terminus. Has details for cable trams and the Footscray services. Has details of Wattle Park. See Reg Item 1751 for an April 1951 version and 899 for a 1946 version.trams, tramways, timetables, first tram, wattle park

Timetable - 36 pages, printed on off-white paper, cover printed on pink paper, centre stapled titled "Victorian Tramways Guide" for October 1917. Details the timetables for the Tramway Board, Northcote Council, PMTT, NMETL, HTT, MBCTT and the VR Brighton line. Gives details of fares, routes, signs, first and last cars. Middle page - has a map and details of a Round trip and shows other lines and change points. Foldout map included on the inside rear cover, showing tramways, railways and rivers. Has many advertisements for the re-election of Sir Frank Madden (he was not re-elected - see http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member/details/569-madden-frank - accessed 30-12-2016). Polling day 15/11/1917. Has adverts for: Commercial Union Steel Castings Proprietary Limited Myer's Country of Bourke Permanent Building and Investment Society Prohibition - Canada, USA Royal Insurance Company Australian Ladies Commercial College Incley Frederick Collis Tramways Advertising Co. Stott's Business College Chambers and Seymour W. M Richards Huttons Ham Sterling Preparationstrams, tramways, timetables, melbourne, nmetl, vr, cable trams, htt, pmtt, map, advertising

Preprinted form - ruled in blue lines both vertically and horizontally, titled "Inspector's Report", for both the cable and electric tramways. Provided information on cautions issued to the crews for minor breaches of the rule for a fortnight ending. Has space for name, occupation, date, car number, time and offence with space for a signature. Watermarked paper "CWC" Form Number M6383 8/31 Form 32Atrams, tramways, inspectors, reports, cable trams, rules

Magazine - 32 pages - black and white - "Petroleum Gazette", Vol 16, No. 4, December 1970, containing a 7 page article on Melbourne's cable trams, titled "Hold on Around the Curve Please". Has a photo of Alf Twentyman, various photos, Alf's acquisition of a cable tram set, how the system worked, and the trammies or crews who worked them Published by the Petroleum Information Bureau (Australia). Also contains items on floating aerodromes, oil search in New Zealand, road tankers, plastic cars and ultrasonic sound to find pipe defects and general news.In ink "P114-120" on top right hand corner of the cover page.trams, tramways, cable trams, melbourne, mto co, mtt

Report or List - photocopy of original document printed on A3 sheet - titled "Destination Signs Cable Lines", listing the type of signs and destination names for each of the 8 depots. Notes the type of signs fitted to the both cars and dummies, whether canvas rollers or board and where fitted. Dated 5/8/1932.trams, tramways, cable trams, destination roll, destination indicators, mmtb

Handwritten copy of a MMTB circular titled "Rolling stock requirements cable system - particular requirements during and after conversion of the Brunswick cable line". Gives depot name, present requirement, requirement when Brunswick service is cut back to Victoria St, Lonsdale St, when complete to Moreland Rd and cars in stock on 24/8/1935. Gives service requirement, spares and totals. Second sheet lists tramcar requirements, disposal notes and bogies car to be retained for sale. Not known when made.trams, tramways, brunswick depot, cable trams, conversion, mmtb

Postcard - photo of Chapel St Prahran looking south along Chapel St towards the intersection with Commercial Road with the Jacob Read drapery business or the Charles Moore and Company department store - now the Pran Central complex in the view. Has a number of horse drawn vehicles, some motor cars and a cable tram in the view. Divided back with spaces for Correspondence, address and stamp. Stamp area has "Printed in county of Saxony" and number 3949 in bottom right hand corner. Published by Valentines & Sons Publishing Co. Melbourne and Sydney.trams, tramways, cable trams, commercial rd, malvern rd, chapel st, horse drawn vehicle

Set of 16 Notice Papers or Meeting Agendas - sent to Trust Members and others for The Melbourne Tramways Trust for period April 1886 to November 1890 as listed below. Printed by Ferguson and Moore or Edgerton and Moore for the Trust. Signed by the Secretary. Covers construction arrangements, appointments, financial, loans, debentures, legislation, arrangements with the Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Company and other organisations including banks. Notes are the principal items shown in the Orders of the Day. Printed by Fergusson and Moore or Edgerton and Moore - different name on the 17/1/1890 meeting. 1886 – 1887 – Thomas O’Grady and T. Hamilton remain as Chairman and Secretary respectively. Meeting No. Date Notes 5 16/4/1886 Wages, supplier payments, accept tenders for mechanical stokers, construction of Carlton line, notice to construct a siding in Wellington Parade and purchase of land for the Brunswick Engine house. 1888 – 1890 – Cr. C.H Jennings Chairman, T. Hamilton Secretary Meeting No. Date Notes 3 17/1/1890 Wages, supplier payments, accept tenders for crossings, railway crossings, cement and that the Hawthorn House is completed and ready for traffic. 4 24/1/1890 Special meeting to consider communication from MTCo re opening of the Hawthorn horse tramway. 5 14/2/1890 Wages, supplier payments. 6 14/3/1890 Wages, supplier payments, dispute with David Munro over fine for the Hawthorn bridge and Collingwood council seeking to widen approach to Victoria St bridge. 7 18/4/1890 Wages, supplier payments, wood blocking of Hawthorn and Victoria bridge lines. 8 16/5/1890 Wages, supplier payments, proceed with Victoria Bridge approaches. 9 13/6/1890 Wages, supplier payments, reappointment of C. W. Ellis as auditor, protect Trust interest in reference to the Hoddle St tramway bill. 10 11/7/1890 Wages, supplier payments including hire of horses for threading of cable. 11 8/8/1890 Wages, supplier payments, call tenders etc for St Kilda Esplanade line. 12 5/9/1890 Wages, supplier payments 13 3/10/1890 Wages, supplier payments, letting of tenders for track materials, 2nd crossover for cars in Spencer St. 14 31/10/1890 Wages, supplier payments, acceptance of tenders for Esplanade line. 1890 – 1891 – Cr. C.H Jennings Chairman, T. Hamilton Secretary Meeting No. Date Notes 1 19/12/1890 Wages, supplier payments, accept of tenders for Esplanade including engines. 15 3/11/1890 Special meeting to consider letter from St Kilda council re widening of the Esplanade. 16 28/11/1890 Wages, supplier payments, accept of tenders for Esplanade including engine house and cable. For a word version - see: \dbtext\hawthtramcoll\images\htd2003doc.doctrams, tramways, mtt, cable trams, melbourne tramways trust, construction, finances, mto co

Pamphlet titled: "Trolley Festival – The past is present on market street" Produced by the Market Street Railway Company, San Francisco, features photo of a Melbourne tram owned by them. “Historic Cars of the Trolley Festival”, Melbourne Marathoners (1928-30), former MMTB trams #496 and #648. Tram #648 has since been sold to Sacramento Western Railway museum Trolley Festival ran from 1983 to 1987 due to cable tram track replacement.trams, tramways, usa streetcars, usa trams, usa tramways, w2 class, w5 class, tram 496, tram 648

Digital Memory module, or Portable Memory Key, equivalent in type to a USB stick, black plastic with sliding mechanism to protect 8 copper contact strips with a digital memory area at one end. Stamped into the memory area part number "109 13858 512K KDM", indicating it had a memory storage of 512Kb. Above the number are the remains of a white bar-code label. Has as key type appearance. .1 - Numbered in white numerals "08330705" .2 - ditto "120703350" Advised by Adam Chandler 20-11-2017: They were used by tram and bus drivers. The PM (portable memory) key was issued to each driver. At the start of a shift, the driver would put it into a cream-coloured terminal at the sign-on point (starter's office in the depot) and transfer their shift information onto the key. Once the driver reached the vehicle, they put the key into the black-coloured terminal (tram driver's keypad - TDKP or bus driver's keypad) to upload the shift data to the vehicle. This was also the method used to transfer the 'blacklist' of periodical passes that had been stolen or misappropriated to each vehicle. IE if an annual Metcard had been stolen, once the holder reported it to Metcard they would blacklist the ticket number and this would be sent out to every depot and piece of equipment. From memory there were 100 slots in the blacklist. When a tram driver was finishing their shift (either being taken or running in) they would transfer all of the validations and ticket sale information to the PM key by inserting it a few minutes before the end of shift and downloading all of this data from the vehicle. They would then be required, on arriving back at the starter's office, to insert the key in the cream coloured terminal once more and copy all of the information across to the main system. Bus drivers also issued tickets from their BDKPs so the black PM key was also used for ensuring the accounting information was copied across to the main system. My memory might be faulty but I recall using them at railway stations with the Booking Office Machines (for starting and finishing shifts). No transfer of ticket issuance data however, as there was a computer equipment cabinet at each railway station with a DSL or cable link back to the OneLink central computers (in the revenue clearing house) I don't know what happened with the MTH cars on the Stony Point rail line but I could presume that there was a cabinet with a TDKP equivalent in it and a similar procedure for start and finish of shift.trams, tramways, ticket machines, metcard

Photo of a cable tram set - at the corner of Collins St and Spring St. The saloon trailer is No. 73. The grip car is yet to be fitted with stanchions on its sides and does not have roof mounted destination signs on either vehicle. The trailer car is in the original company livery. In the background are the Victorian Government Treasury Building along with No. 1 and 5 Collins St, the facades of which remain in Collins St. Photo possibly soon after the cable line opened on 2-10-1886.Yields information about cable trams in Collins St and the buildings on the corner of Spring and Collins Sts. Black and white photograph on paper."Collins St E M" in bottom right hand corner.trams, tramways, cable trams, collins st, tram 73, spring st

An interim report by the Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) concerning the replacement of cable tramways in Melbourne, whose capacity was predicted to be incapable of coping with future demand. In light of some opposition to electrification via overhead wires, several schemes were outlined, including a conduit system, surface contact system, battery cars, petrol cars, petrol-electric cards, motor buses, and trolleybuses. In the conclusion, the MMTB asserted that all schemes other than overhead electrification are not optimal to serving the city, and remained committed to use overhead wires.A document that clearly shows the commitment of the now-superceded public transport agency (MMTB) to electrify the Melbourne tram network.Interim Report - MMTB - Upon the General Scheme for the future development of Tramways in Melbourne and Suburbspublic transport, mmtb, tramways, electrification, electricity

Bell cord - for a grip car bell - consisting of a wooden turned handle fitted with a screw at the bottom, a length of sash cord and a cast iron end to which the rope has been glued or fastened into.trams, tramways, cable trams, grip tram, gripmen, bell

Radio transcript - 12 foolscap sheets, typed. Although not named, appears to have been prepared for or by Mr. Strickland describing "inside information regarding tramcars". Notes cable trams, conversion, sale of trailers and dummies or grip cars, the variety taken over from the trusts, design of new cars (180 in service at the time of the report), open cars vs closed cars, seating and standing capacity, speed, braking system, step heights, destination signs, lifeguards. Gives a description of Preston Workshops, finishing soon, description of the tramcar construction, roofing, painting, sourcing of materials, timbers, cost per tram of 3250 pounds, depots, breakdowns, overhauls, workshops, collision repairs in 1925, construction of 10 safety cars. Vicsig.net gives that X1 461 entered service in Sept. 1926. Pinned to the file by Robert on the rear of TMSV Raffle ticket is a note "Electrical Engineer 15/7/26 p35 "C. H. Wickham gave recent address broadcast on 3LO"In blue pencil in top left hand corner appears to be "Wickham"trams, tramways, tramcars, preston workshops, new trams, sale of trams, cable trams, destination roll, tram brakes, tramcar equipment, x1 class, w class, depots, radio stations

Report - 6 quarto pages, typed, untitled. Dated Oct. 1940. Looks at the history of the cable tram system until its closure in 1940. Appears to have been drafted for a newspaper article as it quotes the Chairman "Mr Bell". Outlines the history of the system, the formation of the Melbourne Tramways Trust, its work and the work of the company, finances, loans, opening dates, construction and timing of the closure of the Bourke St route. Car set No. 1 - "might find its way into a museum" Notes the services of the long serving cable tram employees - Conductor G E Andrew from Clifton Hill, Conductor G. Bresnahan - Northcote, Gripman B. McMahan Clifton Hill and Conductor A. Ogden. Details the history of the Northcote line itself, Northcote Council, current employment conditions.trams, tramways, cable trams, closure, employees, conductors, gripmen, northcote, city of northcote, clifton hill, mto co, mtt

.1 - Report - duplicated foolscap sheet titled "Approximate data as to Population, Valuation and Car Mileage run in the 28 Municipalities which constitute the Tramway "Metropolis"", setting out the information as of 31/12/1919 population, valuation as at 30/9/1919 and cable and electric mileage as at 30/6/1920. Dated 20/7/1920. 2 copies held. .2 - Report single foolscap sheet titled "Approximate percentages of surplus profits for the year ended 30th June 1920 which would be obtained by adopting any of the following basis", setting out for each municipality on the basis of population, valuation, tram mileage, one third each or 40 / 40 /40 or the length of single track in each. Has a note re Northcote. Dated 23/7/1920.trams, tramways, mmtb, finances, cable trams, councils, city of melbourne

Memo, duplicated on a cut sheet titled "Notice to Line Managers", dated 14/1/1920 requesting that all register numbers for all dummies (grip car) and cars be removed and returned to the car repair shop. Most likely the result of the City of Melbourne not registering the tram cars like a taxi or hackney carriage. Signed by W. O Strangward stamp or machine stamp.trams, tramways, mmtb, cable trams, regulations, grip tram

.1 - Legal document - tender document - typed carbon copy titled "Supply and Erection of gates and paling fence and repairs to existing fences at the Royal Park car shed" with specification for the work, dated 25/3/1920 asking for prices - single sheet to be returned to the Secretary. .2 - same document but the lower portion has a price and name of the tenderer, John Broderick of Napier St Footscray, for 21 pounds. Dated 7/4/1920.trams, tramways, mmtb, cable trams, royal park, tenders, depots, zoo tram

Photographs, Black and White, Group Photo of the depot, staff, crew and tramcar 32 with two horses of the Hawthorn horse tramway. In the background is the horse tram depot with a clock on the wall. There are 8 uniformed men and four men in suits either standing or seated in front of the horse tram No. 32. The tram has the route painted on the board above the windows "Burwood Rd, Power St Riversdale Rd" and "Connecting with Richmond Cable tramway" above that.In ink on the rear: Keith Kings stamp and number S-A-1139 "Melbourne MTOCo Co, Horse Tram 32, Riversdale Road, Auburn at Car Shed" and "Ex F. B. Broadbent Collection"trams, tramways, horse trams, hawthorn, auburn road, depots, group photo, tram 32

.1 - Memo on foolscap sheet dated 19/1/1920, titled "Memo for Batterymen - Loading of Motor Generator Sets" issued by the Electrical Foreman to cable tram depots to charge the battery lights for cable trams advising the requirements to keep loads and voltages at a specified level and the recordings to be made of the equipment. .2 - form - foolscap sheet titled "Reading recorded in testing level of Generator Set at..... Car shed", for recording balance or level using a spirit level of the armature shafts. Two copies of each held.trams, tramways, mmtb, cable trams, lights, tramcars, batterymen, maintenance

Set of two agreements dated 23/4/1920 between the MMTB and the Australian Tramway Employees Association .1 - two foolscap pages - pinned in top left hand corner - sets out that the MMTB has taken over from the Tramway Board, annual leave, wages, continuous service, pay rates, car repair sheds, variations, employees and signature block - Alex Cameron, H. Bell and W. O Strangward for the MMTB and John Abfalter and T. Jewell for the ATEA. .2 - three foolscap pages - pinned in top left hand corner - refers to the various Acts that formed the Board and Arbitration Act, the PMTT, Northcote council, MBCTT, carrying past agreements forward, minimum wages for cable trams workers, juniors, cost of living adjustments and application of the agreement. Signature block - Alex Cameron, Ernest Willis, and W. O Strangward for the MMTB and John Abfalter and T. Jewell for the ATEA.trams, tramways, mmtb, unions, agreements, legal agreements, tramway board, workshops, cable trams

Set of two valuations of the Car Houses or depots owned by MTO Co. titled "Valuation etc of Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Co's freehold properties". Details the location, book value, municipal valuation, J Buchans & Co land separated for land and buildings and the company claims. One sheet on double foolscap, typed carbon copy and the other on a foolscap sheet with out the company's claim amount. Has a note regarding the company's head office in Bourke St and the Victoria St Feed Works. Two copies held.trams, tramways, mto co, winding houses, depot, cable trams, property, horse trams, head office

Tender document - two foolscap sheets, carbon copies, titled "Tramway Board - Lighting of the Board's cars - Particulars of the Board's requirements". Gives the tram car numbers to be lit (1014 in total), from either electricity, acetylene or other method. Information required to be provided, guarantees, testing or trial and a contract rights. Signed by W. O. Strangward as Secretary. Two copies held.Second copy has the stamp "Copied to Board etc" and dated 28/8/16 in ink.trams, tramways, tramway board, cable trams, tenders, contracts, equipment, lights

Memorandum, half foolscap sheet, on Tramway Board Melbourne letterhead, dated 8/1/1920 to all line managers titled "Car Lighting" advising the Mr T Dawe will give instructions to Batterymen in the operation of the motor generator equipment and car lighting equipment. Signed by the Secretary, W. Strangward using a stamp. Two copies pinned together.trams, tramways, tramway board, cable trams, batterymen, depots, tram equipment

Used by a cable tram conductor to record the number of 2d fares collected from passengers. The Bell punch recorded the number of times a hole was punched in the slip. They were used by the cable trams until the mid-1920s when they were phased out and replaced by "flimsy" paper tickets. The item has been punched many times. Printed for the Tramway Board (1916 to 1919). Has space for 44 journeys. On one side, has space for the name Line, Date, Badge, car, time of starting, and signature, if a student conductor. Printed for use in the down direction. See item 7425 for an example in the Up Direction.Demonstrates a Cable Tram tram Conductors record of the trips sold/fare collected.Ticket - Trip Slip - cable tram Bell Punch type - grey card, 2d fare.See abovetrams, tramways, tickets, cable trams, bell punch, tramway board, tb