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Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Ballarat College of Advanced Education Handbook, 1981, 1981
Ballarat College of Advanced Education is a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia.Red, Yellow and white soft covered handbook for the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. handbook, subjects, history, staff, ballarat college of advanced education, student union, regional colleges of australia -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Ballarat College of Advanced Education Handbook, 1982, 1982
Ballarat College of Advanced Education is a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia.Black,Grey and white soft covered handbook for the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. handbook, subjects, history, staff, ballarat college of advanced education, international students, visas, student union -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Ballarat Teachers' College Handbook and Song Book
Students at the Ballarat Teachers' College would sing the songs in the songbook regularly. The Ballarat Teachers' College was established after the Victorian State Government and the State Education Department decided to establish two provincial teachers' colleges, at Ballarat and Bendigo. On 04 May 1926 W.H. Ellwood (Principal), Miss A. Bouchier, and Mr A.B. Jones, welcomed the first enrolment of 61 students to undertake the one year course. In 1927 the College moved to the former Ballarat East Town Hall in Barkly Street, which was remodelled for their use. It closed in December 1931 due to the Great Depression. In 1946 Ballarat Teachers' College reopened and relocated to the Dana Street State School. The building used by the Teachers' College was the original bluestone building facing Doveton Street South. It was originally planned to open as a women's college, for whom the residence at 130 Victoria Street was purchased, but the decision was made to admit resident men from Ballarat. Mr T.W. Turner was appointed as Principal in 1951 and directed the introduction of a two year course for the Trained Primary Teachers' Certificate. The former one year course was terminated at the end of 1951. In 1958 the College was relocated to a custom built facility at Gillies Street, in close proximity to the Ballarat Botanical Gardens. Numbers increased with the introduction of the Trained Infant Teachers' Certificate course under the guidance of Mary Egan. With the introduction of a three year Diploma Course in 1968 accommodation became cramped. The introduction of the Diploma of Teaching (Primary) led to the Trained Infant Teachers' Certificate being discontinued in 1969, and the end of the Trained Primary Teachers' Certificate in 1969. Secondary Art and Craft students began studies at Ballarat Teachers' College in 1969 under Mr Ted Doney. In 1971 Mr D. Watson was appointed Principal. The State College of Victoria was proclaimed by Order in Council on 24 July 1973, and Ballarat Teachers' College became a constituent college of the State College of Victoria, and was known as State College of Victoria, Ballarat. By 1975 the College moved to Mount Helen as part of the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Pre service teachers currently undertake their studies on the Mount Helen Campus of Federation University. ("Ruffians Attempted to Carry of the School Tent: A History of State Education in Ballarat", 1974, p73-4.) 2 blue covered Ballarat Teachers' College Books, 1) Handbook of rules and songs. 2) Songbook.Inside front cover 'Monica Miller' autographs in inside book pages from the reunion on 1. 9. 1960 of BTC 1930ballarat teachers college, monica miller, extra muros, w h ellwood, entertainment, ellwood, ballarat teachers' college, music -
Federation University Historical Collection
Programme - Card, Ballarat Teachers' Reunion Souvenir, 1933, 1933
This card was used by John McNaughton, student of the Ballarat Teachers' College in 1929. The Ballarat Teachers' College was established after the Victorian State Government and the State Education Department decided to establish two provincial teachers' colleges, at Ballarat and Bendigo. On 04 May 1926 W.H. Ellwood (Principal), Miss A. Bouchier, and Mr A.B. Jones, welcomed the first enrolment of 61 students to undertake the one year course. In 1927 the College moved to the former Ballarat East Town Hall in Barkly Street, which was remodelled for their use. It closed in December 1931 due to the Great Depression. In 1946 Ballarat Teachers' College reopened and relocated to the Dana Street State School. The building used by the Teachers' College was the original bluestone building facing Doveton Street South. It was originally planned to open as a women's college, for whom the residence at 130 Victoria Street was purchased, but the decision was made to admit resident men from Ballarat. Mr T.W. Turner was appointed as Principal in 1951 and directed the introduction of a two year course for the Trained Primary Teachers' Certificate. The former one year course was terminated at the end of 1951. In 1958 the College was relocated to a custom built facility at Gillies Street, in close proximity to the Ballarat Botanical Gardens. Numbers increased with the introduction of the Trained Infant Teachers' Certificate course under the guidance of Mary Egan. With the introduction of a three year Diploma Course in 1968 accommodation became cramped. The introduction of the Diploma of Teaching (Primary) led to the Trained Infant Teachers' Certificate being discontinued in 1969, and the end of the Trained Primary Teachers' Certificate in 1969. Secondary Art and Craft students began studies at Ballarat Teachers' College in 1969 under Mr Ted Doney. In 1971 Mr D. Watson was appointed Principal. The State College of Victoria was proclaimed by Order in Council on 24 July 1973, and Ballarat Teachers' College became a constituent college of the State College of Victoria, and was known as State College of Victoria, Ballarat. By 1975 the College moved to Mount Helen as part of the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Pre service teachers currently undertake their studies on the Mount Helen Campus of Federation University. ("Ruffians Attempted to Carry of the School Tent: A History of State Education in Ballarat", 1974, p73-4.)Printed card with a black and white photo of the Ballarat Teachers' College (former Ballarat East Town Hall).ballarat teachers' college, mcnaughton, john mcnaughton, former ballarat east town hall, ballarat east gardens -
Federation University Historical Collection
Object - Pewter Plate, Pewter Plate from City University College of Science and Technology, 2011
Pewter plate mounted on a wooden background with stand for display. The plate was from City University College of Science and Technology for the Convocation Ceremony 13th November 2011.University Crest with City University College of Science and Technology for the Convocation Ceremony 13th November 2011 underneath.royal selangor, city univesity college of science and technology, convocation ceremony, pewter plate -
Federation University Historical Collection
Object - Pewter Plate, Pewter Plate from Unity College International in recognition UB Malaysian Graduation 25th October, 2009, 2009
Pewter plate mounted on a wooden background with stand for display. The plate was from Unity College International in recognition UB Malaysian Graduation 25th October, 2009. University Crest with Unity College International in recognition UB Malaysian Graduation 25th October, 2009. Underneath.royal selangor, unity college international, convocation ceremony, pewter plate -
Federation University Historical Collection
Sticker, Ballarat College of Advanced Education 10th Anniversary Sticker, 1986
Ballarat College of Advanced Education is a predecessor of Federation University Blue and white sticker for the 10th Anniversary of the Ballarat College of Advanced Education, July 1986ballarat college of advanced education, 10th anniversary, sticker -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book - Scrapbook, Ballarat Teachers' College Scrapbook, 1967
Ballarat Teachers' College was a predecessor institution of Federation University.A large scrpbook with photos, ephemera and other examples of life at Ballarat Teachers' College in 1967.ballarat teachers' college, scrapbook, alumni -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, Walter Scott, England under Victoria, Prior to the book prize given on December, 1890
This book was awarded to Lucie Mary Marshall in 1890 as first prize in Botany. Lucie enrolled at Clarendon Ladies' College in 1882 at the age of 8. In the original register father's name is listed as Samuel, and under parent/guardian address is listed: Mrs Williams 5 Dana St Mrs Wright Armstrong St L. Edwards Mair St. It also notes that Lucie married and became Mrs. Walt Davies residing in Warrnambool. Presbyterian educators placed great value on a classical education matched with diligence in study. Book prizes were highly regarded and academic success admired. In the school’s early years prizes were ordered direct from London and had the school crest embossed in gold on the front or back cover. Many of the prizes given in early years were returned to the school to equip the Weatherly Library when it opened in 1936.Bound in red cloth with gilt and black illustrations on front cover and spine. Pages gilt edged, black and white and color illustrations throughout. Detached spine and pages, foxing on pages. Donation label and Clarendon Presbyterian Ladies' College stamp on second page, (see acquisition notes). 648 p.Book plate inside front cover: Clarendon Ladies' College,/ BALLARAT./ First PRIZE./ Botany Class I./ AWARDED TO/ Lucie Mary Marshall./ R. KENNEDY,/ PRINCIPAL./ December 1890.lucie-mary-marshall, book-prize, 1890, botany, clarendon-ladies'-college, samuel, mrs-williams, mrs-wright, l-edwards, mrs-walt-davies. -
Greensborough Historical Society
Newsletter, Greensborough Focus: 29th February 2008, 29/02/2008
News and information from Greensborough College Term 1 2008. Includes some House Swimming Sports results.8 page newsletter, text and images. Page 1 on College letterhead.greensborough college, greensborough focus -
Murtoa & District Historical Society and Museum
report card, Headmaster Pastor Peters, concordia college report card 1897, mid year 1897
Murtoa Concordia College 1897 I half year report certificate for student Bernhard Schultz. Results necessary to enter University of Melbourne. Murtoa Concordia was an elite school along with Scotch College (1851) Geelong Grammar (1857) Melbourne Grammar (1858) Geelong College (1851) Wesley College (18650 Xavier College 91875) Methodist Ladies College (1882) Presbyterian Ladies College (1875) Melbourne Girls Grammar (1893)possibly the only report card from Murtoa Concordia College still in existence. Shows scope of subjects taught in 1897 curriculumphotocopy of white paper bordered in black with floral and fauna in cornersmurtoa concordia college certificate for bernhard schultz I half year 1897 commercial & matriculation classcollege, murtoa, matriculation, murtoa concordia college, report card, 1897 -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, Ballarat Teachers' College
Ballarat Teachers' College is a predesser institution of Federation University Australia.A group of males students of the Ballarat Teachers' College taken at Dana Street Primary School.ballarat teachers' college, dana primary school -
Federation University Historical Collection
Scrapbooks, Ballarat Teachers' College Scrapbook, 1963, 1963
Ballarat Teachers' College was a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia. A large scrapbook, with photographs, newsclippings and ephemera relating to the activities of the Ballarat Teachers' College in 1963.ballarat teachers' college, apprentice, education, pre-service teachers, telegrams, doug nichools, mavis canty -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Coat of Arms, Clare Gervasoni, Ballarat Teachers' College Crest
The Ballarat Teachers' College is a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia. Photograph of the Ballarat Teachers' College crest on the wall of T-Building, Mount Helen Campus.ballarat teachers' college, crest, lamp -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Photograph, Christmas Day 1914 at St John's College, 1914
The Mission and the Ladies Harbour Light Guild organised many social events for seamen especially during the Christmas period. This one is one o the many events organised at the St John's College (formerly Cumloden College between 1891-1905) on 195-201 Alma Road, St Kilda East, in what seems to be the gymnasium (as per the ring hanging from the ceiling on the right). The reverend seen at the back could be Canon John Stephen Hart, successor of Canon Reginald Stephen, who welcomed the groups at the school on this occasions.The photograph depicts a group of seamen seated at tables inside a room waiting for a dinner to be served. Only one lady dressed in white is amongst them. At the back a reverend can be seen standing.Xmas Day 1914 at St John's Collegewwi, st john's college, cumloden college, dinner, christmas, lhlg, st kilda east, alma road -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Book, Victorian Readers Eight Book, Mid 20th century
This is the Eighth Reader in the series of school readers introduced in 1928 for the Education Department of Victoria and used extensively in Victorian schools in the early to mid 20th century decades. This copy was in use as a Form Two (Year 8) class set at St. Ann’s College, Warrnambool in the 1970s .This book is of general interest, being the final book in the series of school readers that were in widespread use in Victorian schools from the late 1920s to the 1950s. The book is also of interest because it was used at St. Ann’s College, Warrnambool in the 1970s and has the signatures of nine pupils who used the book at that time. St. Ann’s College, the Catholic secondary school for girls in Warrnambool in the 1970s, is now incorporated into the co-educational Catholic secondary school in Warrnambool – Emmanuel College. This is a hard cover book of 260 pages. It has a Contents page, an Acknowledgments page, reading material of prose and verse, including extracts from books of well-known authors and Notes and Explanations at the back of the book. The cover is brown with the emblem of the Education Department of Victoria on the front and the book is missing its spine covering. The book has many black and white photographs and sketches. The inscription and signatures on the first page are handwritten in black, blue and red ink.‘Form Two St. Ann’s College’ victorian school readers, history of warrnambool -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, Frederick Warne and Co, The decline and fall of the Roman Empire: Volumes I-III, Prior to the book prize awarded at Christmas, 1882
The three volumes were awarded to Fanny Cadden in 1882 for a Wanliss Prize in History in the sixth form. Fanny entered Ballarat College in 1879 at the age of 13. Her brother, Charles, entered in 1881 at the age of 14. In the original register parent/guardian is listed as Simon Cadden, and the address as Alfredton.During 1877 - 1891 Ballarat College accepted enrolments from female students. The school holds the original register of this period and notes that Fanny Cadden entered the school in 1879 at the age of 13. Presbyterian educators placed great value on a classical education matched with diligence in study. Book prizes were highly regarded and academic success admired. In the school’s early years prizes were ordered direct from London and had the school crest embossed in gold on the front or back cover. Many of the prizes given in early years were returned to the school to equip the Weatherly Library when it opened in 1936. Each volume is bound in brown half calf and marble cloth, college crest embossed on front cover with six raised bands on spine with gilt decoration and gold lettering on the second and third bands. End papers and edges marbled, volume I has a black and white frontise piece. Slight foxing on pages. Book plate only on Volume I. Volume I (000147.1): 768 p., volume II (000147.2): 803 p., volume III (000147.3): 828 p.Book plate inside Volume I front cover: college crest/ History/ Wanliss Prize,/ Sixth Form./ Awarded to/ F Cadden/ CHRISTMAS, 1882.1882, book-prize, ballarat-college, fanny-cadden, charles-cadden, simon-cadden. -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Ballarat Teachers' College Song Book, c1947
Students at the Ballarat Teachers' College would sing the songs in the songbook regularly. The Ballarat Teachers' College was established after the Victorian State Government and the State Education Department decided to establish two provincial teachers' colleges, at Ballarat and Bendigo. On 04 May 1926 W.H. Ellwood (Principal), Miss A. Bouchier, and Mr A.B. Jones, welcomed the first enrolment of 61 students to undertake the one year course. In 1927 the College moved to the former Ballarat East Town Hall in Barkly Street, which was remodelled for their use. It closed in December 1931 due to the Great Depression. In 1946 Ballarat Teachers' College reopened and relocated to the Dana Street State School. The building used by the Teachers' College was the original bluestone building facing Doveton Street South. It was originally planned to open as a women's college, for whom the residence at 130 Victoria Street was purchased, but the decision was made to admit resident men from Ballarat. Mr T.W. Turner was appointed as Principal in 1951 and directed the introduction of a two year course for the Trained Primary Teachers' Certificate. The former one year course was terminated at the end of 1951. In 1958 the College was relocated to a custom built facility at Gillies Street, in close proximity to the Ballarat Botanical Gardens. Numbers increased with the introduction of the Trained Infant Teachers' Certificate course under the guidance of Mary Egan. With the introduction of a three year Diploma Course in 1968 accommodation became cramped. The introduction of the Diploma of Teaching (Primary) led to the Trained Infant Teachers' Certificate being discontinued in 1969, and the end of the Trained Primary Teachers' Certificate in 1969. Secondary Art and Craft students began studies at Ballarat Teachers' College in 1969 under Mr Ted Doney. In 1971 Mr D. Watson was appointed Principal. The State College of Victoria was proclaimed by Order in Council on 24 July 1973, and Ballarat Teachers' College became a constituent college of the State College of Victoria, and was known as State College of Victoria, Ballarat. By 1975 the College moved to Mount Helen as part of the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Pre service teachers currently undertake their studies on the Mount Helen Campus of Federation University. ("Ruffians Attempted to Carry of the School Tent: A History of State Education in Ballarat", 1974, p73-4.) 1 blue covered Ballarat Teachers' College Books. Includes a photograph of Monica Millar in the front inside cover. Inside front cover 'Monica Miller' autographs in inside book pages from the reunion on 1. 9. 1960 of BTC 1930ballarat teachers college, monica miller, extra muros, w h ellwood, entertainment, ellwood, w.h. ellwood, ballarat teachers' college -
NMIT (Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE)
Photographs and Program: for Official Opening of Horticulture School, Collingwood Technical College 1981, Photos and Program for Official Opening of Horticulture School, Collingwood Technical College 1981
Four-sided Program, cream coloured, for Official Opening of Horticulture School, Collingwood Technical College 1981. Also two Photo albums: one of the opening event and the second includes a collection of photographs of the early days of Horticulture School.The Program: On cover: Collingwood Technical College / a College of Technical and Further Education / OFICIAL OPENING / HORTICULTURE SCHOOL /June 3rd, 1981 / 2.00 p.m. / by / THE HON. A.J.HUNT M.L.C. / MINISTER OF EDUCATIONcollingwood technical college, horticulture school, official opening program, nmit -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, Teachers' Training College Ballarat, 1930
The Ballarat Teachers' College was established after the Victorian State Government and the State Education Department decided to establish two provincial teachers' colleges, at Ballarat and Bendigo. On 04 May 1926 W.H. Ellwood (Principal), Miss A. Bouchier, and Mr A.B. Jones, welcomed the first enrolment of 61 students to undertake the one year course. In 1927 the College moved to the former Ballarat East Town Hall in Barkly Street, which was remodelled for their use. It closed in December 1931 due to the Great Depression. In 1946 Ballarat Teachers' College reopened and relocated to the Dana Street State School. The building used by the Teachers' College was the original bluestone building facing Doveton Street South. It was originally planned to open as a women's college, for whom the residence at 130 Victoria Street was purchased, but the decision was made to admit resident men from Ballarat. Mr T.W. Turner was appointed as Principal in 1951 and directed the introduction of a two year course for the Trained Primary Teachers' Certificate. The former one year course was terminated at the end of 1951. In 1958 the College was relocated to a custom built facility at Gillies Street, in close proximity to the Ballarat Botanical Gardens. Numbers increased with the introduction of the Trained Infant Teachers' Certificate course under the guidance of Mary Egan. With the introduction of a three year Diploma Course in 1968 accommodation became cramped. The introduction of the Diploma of Teaching (Primary) led to the Trained Infant Teachers' Certificate being discontinued in 1969, and the end of the Trained Primary Teachers' Certificate in 1969. Secondary Art and Craft students began studies at Ballarat Teachers' College in 1969 under Mr Ted Doney. In 1971 Mr D. Watson was appointed Principal. The State College of Victoria was proclaimed by Order in Council on 24 July 1973, and Ballarat Teachers' College became a constituent college of the State College of Victoria, and was known as State College of Victoria, Ballarat. By 1975 the College moved to Mount Helen as part of the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Pre service teachers currently undertake their studies on the Mount Helen Campus of Federation University. ("Ruffians Attempted to Carry of the School Tent: A History of State Education in Ballarat", 1974, p73-4.)Framed photograph of the staff and students of the Ballarat Teachers' College taken outside the outside of the Ballarat East Town Hall. teachers training college ballarat, ballarat teachers' college, w.h. ellwood, a.b. jones, a.r. hamono, monica miller, a.j. colo, n. larkin, k. henderson, v. mckenzie, prudence hamono, ballarat east library, ballarat east town hall, r.g. bowman, univesity women -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Photograph, Mullauna Secondary College Staff 1989, 1989
Mitcham technical School, Blackburn Sec college, Donvale High School, later Nunawading High School merged to become Mullauna Secondary College with a $5.2 million government grant 1988.Article on plan to merge at NP3009.Coloured photograph of staff at Mullauna Secondary College 1989.Photograph taken outdoors in a treed location.mullauna secondary college staff 1989. secondary colleges -
Federation University Historical Collection
Certificate, Attendance Certificate from Ballarat Teachers' College 60 year reunion, 2009
Ballarat Teachers' College was a predecessor of Federation University.Marbled yellow A4 sheet with certificate for Ballarat Teachers' College 60 Year reunion printed on it. ballarat teachers' college, margaret bennetts, 60th reunion, reunion certificate, certificate, reunion -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire: 8 Vols, 1848
Books donated to the Ballarat College Weatherly Library by W L Meinhardt in 1942. William (Bill) Meinhardt attended Ballarat College 1935 - 1945.Example of ongoing old collegian support of school. The Weatherly Library was opened in 1936 and its collection significantly established by donation or bequest of old collegians.Set of eight volumes leather bound with gold patterning on spine and cover and marbled endpapers.Book plates on flyleaf: Ballarat College crest / Ballarat College Library / PRESENTED BY / W L Meinhardt 1942.... Book plates inside front cover: St Aidan's Clergy Trainign House Ballaratwilliam-meinhardt, ballarat-college, weatherly-library, 1942 -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet - Music, The Art of Music is a Basic Way of Knowing, c1992
Ballarat College of Advanced Education is a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia. Eighteen pages booklet from the Ballarat College of Advanced Education with recorders and wattles on the cover.music, ballarat college of advanced education, peta brady, john sharpham, bob greig, david hamilton, library, ian parker, open day, daphne brewer, kevin livingston, bill pryor, big tree, tree of knowledge, nursing, derek woolley, rod hall -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Melbourne University Press, Australia In the Antarctic, 1961, 1961
Phillip Law, who is depicted in this volume, was a student of the Ballarat Teachers' College. Blue hard covered book of 432 pages. It was withdrawn from the Ballarat Teachers' College.louis charles beracchi, douglas mawson, t.w. edgeworth david, forbes mckay, ross sea, phillip law, anare station, voyages of weddell and biscoe, r.w. richards, ballarat teachers' college library, anare, antarctica, australian antarctic committee, antarctic treaty 1959, antarctic treaty act 1960, dick richards, shackleton, ernest shackleton, aurora, mcmurdo sound, endurance, antarctic explorers, mawson, alumni -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Ballarat College of Advanced Education Handbook, 1977, 1977
Ballarat College of Advanced Education is a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia.Light Blue, white and purple soft covered handbook for the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. handbook, subjects, history, staff, ballarat college of advanced education -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Ballarat College of Advanced Education Handbook, 1989, 1989
Ballarat College of Advanced Education is a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia.Campus photograph soft covered handbook, with yellow writing, for the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Sticker on front cover with the name Karen on it. Someone has tried to remove this sticker.handbook, subjects, history, staff, ballarat college of advanced education, nursing, ian gordon, e.t. oppy, kerrie cross, peter fryar, derek woolley, geoff hendy, martin westbrooke, roy schrieke, peter dalhaus, stephen carey, sue taylor, allan ballard, brian sunter, david addenbrooke, graham hawley, ian hemngway, peter sargeant, barry wemyss, george fong wah, keith moore, annette bauska, verna barry, wiliam vermeend, zigurds a. plavina, thelma rungkat, margaret stevens, c. deans, robert morrell, robert m. hook, mike gustus, ian parker -
St Patrick's College
HSC Badge 1980, c1980
This badge was given to students undertaking their Higher School Certificate at St Patrick's College in 1980. It would be pinned to the students' jumper or blazer.College crest suspended from bar which has the clasp on the back.H.S.C. 1980hsc badge, 1980 -
St Patrick's College
HSC Badge 1982, Perfection, c1982
This badge was given to students undertaking their Higher School Certificate at St Patrick's College in 1982. It would be pinned to the students' jumper or blazer.College crest suspended from bar which has the clasp on the back.H.S.C. 1982.hsc badge, 1982. -
Federation University Historical Collection
Programme, Ballarat Teachers' College Demonstration of Physical Training and Folk Dancing, 1929, 1929
The Ballarat Teachers' College Demonstration of Physical Training and Folk Dancing was held in the Ballarat Drill Hall. Instructors were Miss R. Virtue of the Education Department and Lieutenant H. Smith, P.T. Staff with the Defence Department.Folder paper programme associated with the Ballarat Teachers' College.ballarat teachers' college, ballarat drill hall, ballarat ranger barracks, mcnaughton, john mcnaughton, h. smith, r. virtue