This ornate cross sits at the right hand side of View of Trajan's column, Cast Courts, Room 46a, The West Court, Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Cast Courts: "When the Architectural Courts – or Cast Courts as they are now known – opened in 1873, The Builder magazine compared the experience of seeing them to a first glimpse of Mont Blanc, creating one of those 'impressions that can scarcely be effaced'. Since then, these two enormous rooms and the reproductions they contain have continued to impress and inspire visitors to the Museum. For centuries, antiquarian interest in world architecture and sculpture led to reproductions – or copies – being made of outstanding national monuments and notable sculptures. When the Museum was founded, it collected and displayed reproductions of great art and architecture from across the world in order to offer objects for study and tell a complete story of the history of art and design. Casts are made by placing several plaster moulds upon the surface of the original structure. Once hardened and removed, the moulds are then enclosed in an outer casing, the interior coated with a separating agent and the wet plaster poured in. When set, the pieces are then assembled and the joints and surfaces finished off, to make a complete reproduction of the original work. The finished product – as well as being a formidable technical achievement in its own right – enables admirers to study faithful reproductions of important monuments and works of art." Ref: https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/history-of-the-cast-courtslondon, victoria and albert museum, cast courts

A night scene on Sturt Street looking east at night during the Centenary Celebrations in 1938. The dome on the National Mutual Building can be seen in the foreground.sturt street, centenary, national mutual, ballarat, traffic

The photo was taken from the Town Hall tower. The dome of the National Mutual building is clearly visible.sturt street, town hall, streetscape, national mutual building, commerical, public, vehicle, garden

Photo was taken from the Ballarat Post Office tower. The National Mutual Building is under construction. Sign on building reads 'H.M. Theatre Farewell Concert Jessie Maclachlan'.sturt street, ballarat post office, national mutual building, h.m. theatre, streetscape, garden, trams, vehicle, commerical, public

The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of a number of men sitting around a table. They are members of the Land League Committee during a meeting in Dublin.ballarat irish, land league, land league committee, dublin

Parnell was an Irish nationalist and statesman who led the fight for Irish Home Rule in the 1880s. Charles Stewart Parnell was born on 27 June 1846 in County Wicklow into a family of Anglo-Irish Protestant landowners. He studied at Cambridge University and was elected to parliament in 1875 as a member of the Home Rule League (later re-named by Parnell the Irish Parliamentary Party). His abilities soon became evident. In 1878, Parnell became an active opponent of the Irish land laws, believing their reform should be the first step on the road to Home Rule. In 1879, Parnell was elected president of the newly founded National Land League and the following year he visited the United States to gain both funds and support for land reform. In the 1880 election, he supported the Liberal leader William Gladstone, but when Gladstone's Land Act of 1881 fell short of expectations, he joined the opposition. By now he had become the accepted leader of the Irish nationalist movement. Parnell now encouraged boycott as a means of influencing landlords and land agents, and as a result he was sent to jail and the Land League was suppressed. From Kilmainham prison he called on Irish peasants to stop paying rent. In March 1882, he negotiated an agreement with Gladstone - the Kilmainham Treaty - in which he urged his followers to avoid violence. But this peaceful policy was severely challenged by the murder in May 1882 of two senior British officials in Phoenix Park in Dublin by members of an Irish terrorist group. Parnell condemned the murders. In 1886, Parnell joined with the Liberals to defeat Lord Salisbury's Conservative government. Gladstone became prime minister and introduced the first Irish Home Rule Bill. Parnell believed it was flawed but said he was prepared to vote for it. The Bill split the Liberal Party and was defeated in the House of Commons. Gladstone's government fell soon afterwards.(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of bearded man known as Charles Stewart Parnellballarat irish, parnell, charles parnell, home rule

The letter writer G. R. Locke has read Robin Boyd's newspaper articles on early public buildings and homes. This letter tells Boyd about the historic home "Auburn House", 4 Goodall St Hawthorn, established for Robert Hepburn with land purchased in 1856. It also tells of the confusion with neighbouring house "Auburn Lodge". Since Boyd writes on early Melbourne public buildings and homes, the writer is inviting Boyd to view the house. It is not known whether Robin Boyd took up the invitation. In 1960 it was included in the National Trust Register.

James Mollison, Director of Australian National Gallery notifying John Davies that Alex Maguy, Galerie de L'elysee has been notified that they would like to view the Braque.

Department of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour CollectionDepartment of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour Collection

Department of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour CollectionDepartment of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour Collection

Department of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour CollectionDepartment of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour Collection

Department of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour CollectionDepartment of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour Collection

Department of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour CollectionDepartment of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour Collection

Department of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour CollectionDepartment of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour Collection

Department of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour CollectionDepartment of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour Collection

Department of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour CollectionDepartment of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour Collection

Department of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour CollectionDepartment of Health – National Fitness Office (Sports & Recreation) – Historical Press Release Photo - Empire Youth Day & Royals on Tour Collection

A postcard from Belfast. Part of the collection relating to John Basil McLean, who normally signs himself Basil. He returned to Australia in April 1920. The date on this card implies someone sent this a few months later from Belfast. One of the items relating to JB McLean was a vesta (match) case from Belfast (see item 01125). This postcard was with other World War 1 memorabilia that has come from Private John Basil McLean, 2nd Reinforcements, 37th Battalion, A.I.F. Possibly these were with him during his time in the First World War and kept them as a mementos. J.B. McLean (Service No. 13824) was from near Maffra, Victoria and enlisted on 22 January 1916. He embarked on 16 December 1916 for Europe. He spent time with the Australian Field Artillery (Pack Section). At the end of the war he worked for a year at the A.I.F. Headquarters in London before returning to Australia on the 'Ceramic', arriving in Portsea in 1920. His full war record is available from the National Archives of Australia (B2455, MCLEAN JBM).Postcards were a very common form of communication. They were also a common souvenir. This type of correspondence would have been familiar to the first Legatees as they had served in World War 1.Standard size postcard showing coloured image of City Hall, Belfast. Front - “City Hall, Belfast / 46398 JV” Back - “Belfast / 18.8.20 / Dear Jack, / I am just here for a / few days on holiday. It’s / charming on the outskirts, and / the scenery is great, though ‘spose / it does not come up to the Blue / Mtns. Many thanks for the book / of views. Am sure you must / have enjoyed your stay amongst / the mountains, and weren’t you / lucky in obtaining 2 months / leave. We’ve just been over this / town hall. The whole of / the interior is practically / built of white and green / marble, with some wonderful old wood carving dotted here / and there. Suppose you have / now settled down, and of course / its getting for summer with / you now. Hope you are / very well. Yours sincerely / Dorothy”souvenir, postcard

Yields information about the appearance of the intersection of Sturt and Lydiard St and Sturt St itself looking west, showing the tram track arrangements.Photographic reproduction - sepia coloured of two stereo pair images with details on the sides. Originals made by the Rose Stereoscopic of Melbourne. Printed on A4 size ink-jet printer. Set of two: 1 - Sturt St and the Lydiard St intersection, electric trams looking east from the Town Hall. Shows Mount Warrenheip. Shows the roof of a tram in the bottom edge and a tram in Bridge St. Has the National Mutual building in the view, advertising the Commercial Union Fire (insurance) and Doepel and Chandler. Another building advertiser is "Carlton Ales" Image No. 8112 2 - Sturt St looking west from the Town Hall tower. Has one tram in the distance. Shows the layout of the Sturt St central median strip.trams, tramways, sturt st, lydiard st, stereo photograph, grenville st, esco, bridge st, town hall

The illustration looks northeast from Town Hall overlooking the intersection of Sturt and Lydiard Streets, towards Black Hill and Grenville St. Has two ESCo trams in view, both with roof-mounted destinations, Post Office, and the Grenville St shelter. C1907. Has the National Mutual building in the bottom right-hand corner advertising Commercial Unity and Doepel & Co.Yields information about the intersection of Sturt and Lydiard Streets and associated buildings.Illustration cut from a magazine or publicationballarat, illustrations, post office, sturt st, lydiard st, esco

Illustration titled - "Sturt Street (looking west) with an ESCo tram turning from Sturt St into Lydiard St North from the Grenville St terminus. The tram has the destination box above the driver, c1907. A horse-drawn cart is in the view along with the Town Hall, the National Mutual building with the Jeweller's sign C Marks visible. On the left hand side is the Robbie Burns statue.Yields information about Sturt St and the associated buildings and ESCo operations.Illustration cut from a magazine or publicationballarat, illustrations, sturt st, esco, lydiard st, ballarat town hall, statues

Illustration titled - "Sturt and Lydiard Streets" Shows an ESCo tram with all the blinds drawn in Sturt St just to the west of Lydiard St. Has the National Mutual building with C Marks & Co jewelers, Craigs Hotel, and the Town Hall in the view. On the rear is another view of Sturt St, not the full width of the original item, with an ESCo tram at the intersection with Armstrong St. Has Snows and Shoppee's Square in the view.Yields information about Sturt St at Lydiard St and Armstrong St.Illustration cut from a magazine or publicationballarat, illustrations, sturt st, lydiard st, esco, armstrong st, town hall, national mutual, craigs hotel

Photo looks over Shoppee Square (Central median area) in Sturt St between Armstrong and Doveton Streets, with the Town Hall and John Snow & Company (Snows) building in the view, along with the national mutual building. An ESCo tram is westbound on the south side of Sturt St. Note the telegraph pole on the left side of the photo. One the rear is a birthday message to a person in Hamilton Newcastle. It is dated 29/11/1909.Yields information about Sturt St Ballarat and Shoppee's square.Postcard colour, Divided back. No publisher's name on rear though has a publisher mark in the top centre - a six pointed star with a central motif.See image 2 for letter.tramways, trams, esco, sturt st, shoppee's square

Photo shows the view looking southwest from the Post Office towards the Town Hall. Two trams are in the view including the National Mutual building, the Town Hall, and Myer. Wal Jack in a note to Ken Magor of Newcastle notes the trams (No. 26 and a bogie), tram services, the ESCo fuse box, the tram waiting shelter, and that the location is known as "City Tram Centre". Wal has dated the photo as 1948. Note: There are two Murray Views No. 27 - see item 7360 as well.Yields information about Sturt and Lydiard St view and tram services.Postcard black and white, plain back, with a handwritten note on rear.See image 2 for details of the handwritten note by Wal Jack on the rear. tramways, trams, sturt st, lydiard st, tram 26, tramway centre

Photo shows No 22, 28, 34, and another tram at Tramway Centre. Penfolds', Reeds and Berry Anderson shops in the view between the National Mutual building and the Town Hall. On the rear in a note to Ken Magor of Newcastle, Wal Jack has written: "Ballarat 1948, Bogie 22 to Gardens via Sturt St west, 4 wheeler 31 to Sebastopol, Bogie 34 to Victoria St, 4 wheelers ? behind to Lydiard St Nth." See item 5311 for a digital image of this view. Yields information about the appearance of Sturt St looking towards the Town Hall and the trams used Postcard black and white, divided back, with a handwritten note on rear.See image 2 for details of the handwritten note by Wal Jack on the rear. tramways, trams, sturt street, tramway centre, tram 22, tram 28, tram 34, town hall

Yields information about tram operations and the street views in the area of the City Loop, Sturt St.Set of 3 photographs taken on 10/8/1971 by Campbell Duncan of trams in the City Loop area of Sturt St. .1 - With 5 trams, headed by No. 40, in the loop, No 26 passes the loop. In the background are the various shops and stores on the south side of Sturt St, the including Patersons store. .2 - No. 26 climbing towards Lydiard St with the Coors Private Hotel, the Commonwealth Bank and the National Mutual building in the view. The tram has the destination of Gardens via Sturt St West, and a Briquettes roof advertisement. .3 - No. 27 - passes the assembled trams in the loop with the Dickins and Thomas buildings in the background. The tram has a Twin Lakes sign.trams, tramways, sturt st, city loop, tram 26 tram 40 tram 27

Yields information about the tram operations and the landscape views of the Sturt St median strip.Ten (10) Digital images taken by George Coop during the period 1968 - 1970, of SEC trams in Sturt St, between the City and Pleasant Streets. .1 - Tram 26 climbing the Sturt St hill to Lydiard St, with the Cook's Private Hotel, the Commonwealth Bank and the National Mutual Life building in the background. Photo taken from the Titanic Bandstand. .2 - Tram 40 Sturt St, enough to Lydiard St North just before Raglan St. Has a lady passenger by the tram stop. .3 - Tram 30 - Sturt St north side, near Armstrong St, - has a blue framing line around the photograph. .4 - Tram 39, Sturt St, near Doveton St, shows the rotunda in the median strip. .5 - Tram 18, with median step in view. .6 - Tram 31, with two Johnnie Walker whiskey roof adverts, outside the National Mutual Life building with the Alan Bros Jewellers and Golden Star Chinese Cafe in the view. .7 - Tram 31, Sturt St south side with Town Hall and the Golden City Hotel in the view. Tram has destination of Gardens via Drummond North. .8 - Tram 41 - ditto - going to Sebastopol. .9 - Tram 13, south side, Gardens via Sturt West, about , near Ripon St, with the Ampol service station in the background and about to pick up a lady passenger .10 - Tram 17, near Doveton St. Has a Twin Lakes sign and a Wilkinson Sword Razor Bladese roof advert. trams, tramways, sturt st, raglan st, passengers, doveton st, tram 26, tram 40, tram 30, tram 39, tram 18, tram 31, tram 41, tram 13, tram 17

Yields information about the appearance of Sturt St and Lydiard St intersection c1950 and the use of the trams.Black and white photograph of No. 12, Sturt St West in Sturt St at Lydiard St North. Has the National Mutual building and Commonwealth Bank buildings. Bracket arms are of the type that required the pole to be cut into. c1950. Has the Boer War Memorial in the view. Item donated comprised negative 1141, A4 print and laminated A4 print. Negative scanned at 2400dpi. On the top edge of one of the prints "Sturt St Ballarat 1950 no print required"trams, tramways, ballarat, sturt st, secv, lydiard st, statues, tram 12

Yields information about the city tram stop and the surround buildings.Agfa colour slide, white cardboard mount, photo by Keith Caldwell on 8/3/1960 of: Tram 43 at the city tram stop, Sturt and Lydiard St, with the destination of Sebastopol. Has trams parked in the City Loop, a single trucker behind No. 43. In the view are the Bucks Head Hotel, the Commonwealth Bank and the national Mutual Life buildings. Slide is blotchy and has mould marks.Stamped on bottom of slide "8 Mar 60"., In ink "BxAT"tramways, trams, sturt st, lydiard st, tram 43

Yields information about the appearance of the view looking west on the south side of Sturt St from the Titanic Bandstand.Negative (120 size) of the intersection of the south side of Sturt St from near Grenville St looking west with tram 26 climbing the hill. The tram has the destination of View Point. In the background is the National Mutual building advertising C Marks Jewellers, the Commonwealth Bank, Beachams Hotel, Hollands Cycle and the Ballarat Mechanics Institute building. Shows the median strip Gardens in Sturt St. Item donated comprised negative 1143, Negative scanned at 3200dpi. trams, tramways, sturt st, view point, gardens, tram 26