A Fresnel lens is a type of composite compact lens developed by the French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827) for use primarily in lighthouses.  Made from high-quality glass Fresnel lenses were used originally in lighthouses and later for many other applications They were later being used for automobile headlamps, brake, parking, and turn signal lenses, and many other applications. Fresnel lenses used in lighthouses were considered state of the art from the late 19th through to the middle of the 20th century. The subject item is a Fresnel replacement lens used in a ships navigation light. For lighthouses, these lenses have now been replaced with much less expensive and more durable aerobeacons, which themselves often contain plastic Fresnel lenses. The lens design allows the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional design. A Fresnel lens can be made much thinner than a comparable conventional lens, in some cases taking the form of a flat sheet. The simpler dioptric (purely refractive) form of the lens was first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel. The catadioptric form of the lens, entirely invented by Fresnel, has outer elements that use total internal reflection as well as refraction; it can capture more oblique light from a light source making the light visible from greater distances.The subject item at this time cannot be associated with a historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, the item is a replacement for a ships navigation light and it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Fresnel round glass masthead replacement lens for a navigation lamp of a ship. Nonewarrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, fresnel lens, maritime light, ships navigation light, augustin-jean fresnel, lighthouse lenses, lighthouse, navigation, warning light

A Fresnel lens is a type of composite compact lens developed by the French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827) for use primarily in lighthouses.  Made from high-quality glass Fresnel lenses were used originally in lighthouses and later for many other applications They were later being used for automobile headlamps, brake, parking, and turn signal lenses, and many other applications. Fresnel lenses used in lighthouses were considered state of the art from the late 19th through to the middle of the 20th century. The subject item is a Fresnel replacement lens used in a ships navigation light. For lighthouses, these lenses have now been replaced with much less expensive and more durable aerobeacons, which themselves often contain plastic Fresnel lenses. The lens design allows the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional design. A Fresnel lens can be made much thinner than a comparable conventional lens, in some cases taking the form of a flat sheet. The simpler dioptric (purely refractive) form of the lens was first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel. The catadioptric form of the lens, entirely invented by Fresnel, has outer elements that use total internal reflection as well as refraction; it can capture more oblique light from a light source making the light visible from greater distances.The subject item at this time cannot be associated with a historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, the item is a replacement for a ships navigation light and it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Fresnel glass lens for a ships masthead navigation lamp. Nonewarrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, fresnel lens, maritime light, ships navigation light, augustin-jean fresnel, lighthouse lenses, lighthouse, navigation, warning light

A Fresnel lens is a type of composite compact lens developed by the French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827) for use primarily in lighthouses.  Made from high-quality glass Fresnel lenses were used originally in lighthouses and later for many other applications They were later being used for automobile headlamps, brake, parking, and turn signal lenses, and many other applications. Fresnel lenses used in lighthouses were considered state of the art from the late 19th through to the middle of the 20th century. The subject item is a Fresnel replacement lens used in a ships navigation light. For lighthouses, these lenses have now been replaced with much less expensive and more durable aerobeacons, which themselves often contain plastic Fresnel lenses. The lens design allows the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional design. A Fresnel lens can be made much thinner than a comparable conventional lens, in some cases taking the form of a flat sheet. The simpler dioptric (purely refractive) form of the lens was first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel. The catadioptric form of the lens, entirely invented by Fresnel, has outer elements that use total internal reflection as well as refraction; it can capture more oblique light from a light source making the light visible from greater distances.The subject item at this time cannot be associated with a historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, the item is a replacement for a ships navigation light and it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Fresnel glass replacement lens for a navigation side lamp of a ship. Nonewarrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, fresnel lens, maritime light, ships navigation light, augustin-jean fresnel, lighthouse lenses, lighthouse, navigation, warning light

A porthole, sometimes called bull's-eye window or bull's-eye, is a generally circular window used on the hull of ships to admit light and air. Though the term is of maritime origin, it is also used to describe round windows on armoured vehicles and aircraft. On a ship, the function of a porthole, when open, is to permit light and fresh air to enter the dark and often damp below-deck quarters of the vessel. It also affords below-deck occupants a limited view to the outside world. When closed, the porthole provides a strong water-tight, weather-tight and sometimes light-tight barrier.The porthole is an example of a ships fittings and is not associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unable to be determined at this time and the item is believed to have been made in the first half of the 20th century.Porthole and cover, brass and no glass with screw dog to secure hinged cover.Marked 6" on hinge and ringflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, porthole, marine window

A porthole, sometimes called bull's-eye window or bull's-eye, is a generally circular window used on the hull of ships to admit light and air. Though the term is of maritime origin, it is also used to describe round windows on armoured vehicles and aircraft. On a ship, the function of a porthole, when open, is to permit light and fresh air to enter the dark and often damp below-deck quarters of the vessel. It also affords below-deck occupants a limited view to the outside world. When closed, the porthole provides a strong water-tight, weather-tight and sometimes light-tight barrier.The porthole is an example of a ships fittings and is not associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unable to be determined at this time and the item is believed to have been made in the first half of the 20th century.Porthole and cover, brass and glass with 1 screw dog to secure hinged cover. Marked 6" on ringflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, porthole

Anchors are used to stop boats from moving and today are usually made of metal, and they are made to catch the ocean floor (the seabed). There are two main types of anchors: temporary and permanent. A permanent anchor is called a mooring block and is not easily moved. A temporary anchor can be moved and is carried on the boat. When people talk about anchors, they are usually thinking about temporary anchors. An anchor works by either weight (mass) or shape. Shape is more important to temporary anchors, and design is very important. Anchors must resist wind and tide, and also the up-and-down movement of waves. The subject item is a foundry produced item made specifically for marine use, at present there is no history or manufacturing provenance currently available as the item is unmarked.The subject item at this time cannot be associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, item is believed to have been produced in the first half of the 20th century by an unknown manufacture and its design is known as the "Kedge Admirality" pattern.Anchor, Kedge Admirality design galvanised metal with shackle and rope hole at top of anchor Halibut is missing (bar at top) and two curved flat pointed metal hooks at the base of the anchor.Nonewarrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, ships anchor, marine eqipment

Copy of photograph of Kuhn family about 1906. Left to Right - Olga Wina Kuhn, Frederick Albert Carl Kuhn, Vincent Patrick Kuhn. Children of , Albert Charles Martin Kuhn and Ellen Ryan.photograph, person, kuhn, bendigo-german-kuhn

Copy of photograph of Carl William Gollmick at 4 years ( father of Rosemary ) with his older sister Beryl. Courtesy Miss Rosemary Gollmick, 105 Burke Rd Nth Ivanhoe East 3079.photograph, person, gollmick, bendigo-german-gollmick

Copy of photograph of Lily Sandner (m. McDonald) b. 1896. Sister of Eugene born London, photo courtesy - Mrs F Legg, Canterbury, Melbourne.photograph, person, sandner, bendigo-german-sandner

Copy of photograph of Joachim Carl Friedrick Streger. B 1827, Germany, D. 1916, Bendigo.photograph, person, streger, bendigo-german-streger

A brown paper folder titled 'History for Grade VIII 17'. A course of study for the teaching of history to Grade VIII. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, bendigo teachers' college, teaching, history, curriculum, history - study and teaching, mr. l.j. pryor, male, individual, person, education, education resource centre

A brown paper folder titled 'History for Grade VII 16'. A course of study for the teaching of history to Grade V11. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, teaching, history - study and teaching, education resource centre, mr. l.j. pryor, male, person, individual, bendigo teachers' college, curriculum

A brown folder titled "History for Grade V". (The number 12 has been replaced by the number 9). This is a course of study for the teaching of history to GradeV.From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo teachers' college, bendigo, teaching, history, history - study and teaching, education resource centre, mr. l.j. pryor, person, individual, male

A brown paper folder titled "Medieval Manor". A teaching plan to teach life in 'Medieval England'. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, bendigo teachers' college, history, history - study and teaching, curriculum, mr. l.j. pryor, male, person, individual, education, education resource centre

A brown paper folder titled "History for Grade VI 15". This is a course of study for the teaching of history to Grade V1. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education resource Centre in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, bendigo teachers' college, education, history - study and teaching, curriculum, mr. l.j. pryor, person, male, individual, curriculum, history, education resource centre

A brown folder with the title "The Raw Material of History". It lists the resources to be used in the teaching of history. Also included is a history assignment which is a newspaper study. There are three small newspaper articles titled "100 Years Ago" which were originally published in the "Port Philllip Herald" May 1846 and now reprinted May 1946. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, history - study and teaching, curriculum, mr. l.j. pryor, education resource centre, person, individual, male, bendigo teachers' college, history

A brown paper folder titled "Books and Assignments 9". From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992. A separate brown envelope sent to Mr. L.J. Pryor in 1945 contains a "Sample set of Assignments for a History Topic for Grades V-VI in the Rural School". The envelope also contains some hand made teaching cards containing lesson plans titled 'The New Learning. A separate envelope contains photos of historical figures to be used as teaching aids.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, bendigo teachers' college, education, history - study and teaching, history, mr. l.j. pryor, person, male, individual, teaching, curriculum, education resource centre

A brown folder titled "Activities 6" (The number 8 has been replaced by the number 6). A hand written course of study relating to activities used in the teaching of History and Civics curriculum 1938. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, bendigo teachers' college, teaching, curriculum, education resource centre, mr. l.j. pryor, person, individual, male, history - study and teaching

A brown folder titled "The Presentation of History 4". A teaching plan with which to teach the curriculum subject history. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, history, history - study and teaching, teaching, curriculum, stdents, mr. l.j. pryor, male, individual, person, education, resource centre

A brown folder titled "The History Curriculum 3". A teaching plan with which to teach the currculum subject history. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor. Former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education Resource Centre for archival use in 1992.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo teachers' college, bendigo, education, teaching, history, history - study and teaching, curriculum, mr. l.j. pryor, male, person, individual, education resource centre

A brown folder titled "The Value of History 2". A teaching plan with which to teach the contribution of history to students. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to Education resource Centre for archival use in 1992. Also included is a small booklet titled "Record of Lessons" with the name Fred East Past Lecturer, Bendigo Teachers' College.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, bendigo teachers' college, teaching, teachers, history, history - study and teaching, mr. l.j. pryor, male, individual, person, education resource centre, curriculum

A brown manilla folder titled "Introductory and The Function of History 1". A teaching plan with which to teach the curriculum subject History. From the files of Mr. L.J. Pryor, former Principal of Bendigo Teachers' College. Donated to the Education Resource Centre for Archival use in 1992 by Mr. Geoff W. Pryor.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, teaching, students, history, history - study and teaching, mr. l.j. pryor, male, person, individual, bendigo teachers' college, education resource centre, curriculum

A Bendigo Teachers' College binder book containing hand written foolscap pages outlining the history of B.T.C. From 1945 through to 1971. It is titled "From My Diaries". It is believed this diary is written by Ms. J.C. Burnett.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo teachers' college, history, bendigo, education, ms. j.c. burnett, female, individual, person, teaching, teachers, students

(1) A program relating to the retirement of Mr.Keith Scarrott the Associate Director of the Bendigo College of Advanced Education. The front page has a cartoon picture of Mr. Scarrott and the words 'Farewell to K.G.S. November77.' The inside cover has an outline of the program followed by the menu for the dinner. The back page has a brief outline of the life of Mr. G. Scarrott. (11) A Bendigo Advertiser newspaper article describing the dinner titled 'College farewells Scarrott.' It also has a photo of Mr. Keith Scarrott with the Master of Ceremonies Mr. Bryan Clemson. Dated 24/11/77.bendigo, education, bendigo teachers' college, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo teachers' college, bendigo, education, teaching, programme, program, teachers, students, person, individual, male, female, mr. keith scarrott, mr. bryan clemson, staff, dr. max mckay, bishop oliver heyward, mrs. judy scarrott, miss alice downward, mrs. val broard, miss elizabeth mcconnell, mr. doug mcdonell, mr. brian geary

Copy of photograph of the Pieper family c.1910 at the old Pieper home. Tom & Annie Craike (nee Pieper) Maria Dorothea Pieper (nee Salau) seated Eliza & husband William Pieper.photograph, person, pieper, genealogy-pieper-craike-salau-german

Copy of photograph of Gustav Pieper family, Annie (nee Anders-Pohl) Carl, Gus, Alice, Amelia & Gertrude.photograph, person, pieper, genealogy-pieper-german

Copy of photograph of Pastor Leypoldt & family in their garden. The Lutheran Manse.photograph, person, leypoldt, genealogy-leypoldt-german

Copy of photograph of the five daughters of Carl Heinrich & Louisa Wendal (nee Fick) Margaretta, Mary, Doris, Johanna & Louisa. From the C.Yeung collection (nee Hamann) July 1996.photograph, person, wendal, genealogy-wendal-german

Copy of photograph of Iser family, Caroline Iser (nee Collen) and her three daughters. Hannie, Dora & Carola.photograph, person, iser, genealogy - iser - german

Copy of photograph of Wilhelm and Henrietta Beischer (nee Friswell) circa 1916 - 17 received Sept 1992 from M.Buzzard Cambourne Pk Heywood 3304.photograph, person, beischer, genealogy-beischer-friswell