A type of instrument used in the 1900s to measure very low currents by sending beams of light to the mirror and reflecting this back onto a wall using the mirror as an amplifier. Small currents in V/A can display a displacement of a few inches on the wall. This instrument has to be balanced, hence the air bubble level and adjustable feet. The meter was scaled in degrees. Galvonometer with all brass body shell removable for initital adjustments. Two observation ports. Base with levelling feet.scientific instrument, galvonometer

Article about Robert Hoddle, his work as a surveyor in early Melbourne and the use of the 'chain' to measure distance.14 page article text and illus.melbourne history, robert hoddle

An octant is an astronomical instrument used in measuring the angles of heavenly bodies such as the sun, moon and stars at sea in relation to the horizon. This measurement could then be used to calculate the altitude of the body measured, and then the latitude at sea could also be calculated. The angle of the arms of an octant is 45 degrees, or 1/8 of a circle, which gives the instrument its name. Two men independently developed the octant around 1730: John Hadley (1682–1744), an English mathematician, and Thomas Godfrey (1704–1749), a glazier in Philadelphia. While both have a legitimate and equal claim to the invention, Hadley generally gets the greater share of the credit. This reflects the central role that London and the Royal Society played in the history of scientific instruments in the eighteenth and nineteenth century's. There were also two others who are attributed to having created octanes during this period, Caleb Smith, an English insurance broker with a strong interest in astronomy (in 1734), and Jean-Paul Fouchy, a mathematics professor and astronomer in France (in 1732) In 1767 the first edition of the Nautical Almanac tabulated lunar distances, enabling navigators to find the current time from the angle between the sun and the moon. This angle is sometimes larger than 90°, and thus not possible to measure with an octant. For that reason, Admiral John Campbell, who conducted shipboard experiments with the lunar distance method, suggested a larger instrument and the sextant was developed. From that time onward, the sextant was the instrument that experienced significant development and improvements and was the instrument of choice for naval navigators. The octant continued to be produced well into the 19th century, though it was generally a less accurate and less expensive instrument. The lower price of the octant, including versions without a telescope, made it a practical instrument for ships in the merchant and fishing fleets. One common practice among navigators up to the late nineteenth century was to use both a sextant and an octant. The sextant was used with great care and only for lunar sightings while the octant was used for routine meridional altitude measurements of the sun every day. This protected the very accurate and pricier sextant while using the more affordable octant for general use where it performs well. The invention of the octant was a significant step in providing accuracy of a sailors latitude position at sea and his vessels distance from land when taking sightings of land-based landmarks.Octant with metal handle, three different colored shades are attached, in wooden wedge-shaped box lined with green felt. Key is attached. Two telescope eyepieces are in box. Some parts are missing. Oval ink stamp inside lid of box, scale is graduated to 45 degrees. Ink stamp inside lid of box "SHIPLOVERS SOCIETY OF VICTORIA. LIBRARY"instrument, flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, octant, navigation, nautical instrument, navigation instrument, john hadley, sextant, astronomical instrument

Sent from Germany by Elfriede & Paul Faig.Cardboard box for button die (no. 7959).tatura, camp 3, faig, p, kaltenbach, g, hermann, w, instruments, measuring

Sent from Germany by Elfriede & Paul Faig.Small metal 1" button die, grey in colour.tatura, camp 3, faig, p, kaltenbach, g, hermann, w, instruments, measuring

From Athol Ferguson - great grandson of Henry William Paul (1838-1911).Cylindrical ebony ruler - 12 inch, Concentric grooves on each end.rulers, measures

Minutes of the Ordinary Meeting of Council held on 9th December 1980 Report of the Town Clerk's Department Report of the Town Clerk Kiosk Sunshine Swimming Pool Professional Indemnity Insurance Proposed Technical School for Keilor Rate Recovery Sale Lot 88 Balfour Avenue Sunshine North Deed of Release Advertising Contracts Increase in Ceiling Municipal Association Committees Nomination of Representative Proposed Closure Dobson Crescent Braybrook St. Johns College Report of Rainbow Workshop Supplementary Valuations Land Transfer 88 Station Road Deer Park Sunshine Swimming Pool Learners Pool Heating Golf Course South Side of Maribyrnong River Proposed Link with the Essendon Golf Course Sealing of General Rate Year Ending 30th September 1980 Date of Ordinary Meetings of Council Report of the Co-Ordinator of Welfare Services Purchase of Land Randall Street Maribyrnong Funding for Teenage Holiday Programmes Emergency Foster Care Family Day Care Local Youth Affairs Council's Forum International Year of the Disable Federal Government Funding of Child Care Programmes Victorian Transport Study Lonie Report Sunshine CYSS Report of the Chief Health Surveyor Authorisation of Officers Under Summary Offences Act 1966 Issuing of Septic Tank Approval Notices Application for Septic Tank Systems Subsidies for Infant Welfare Sisters Weights and Measures Practical Experience Health Act Registrations Prosecution Proceedings Sunshine Magistrates Court Health Act Registrations for 1981 Health Act Registration Late Fee Application for Transfer of Proprietorship of Premises Under the Health Act Smorgan Consolidated Industries (Paper Plant) "Black Liquor" Process Refuse By-Law Enforcement Report of the Superintendent Traffic & By-Laws Jumble Sale Albion Rovers Soccer Club Sunshine Commonwealth Offices Devonshire Road Sunshine Dog Act Court Proceedings Parking and Traffic Infringements Dog Act Authority Under Sections 695 (10) of the Local Government Act 1958 Disposal of Derelict Vehicles Proposed Procession St. Pauls Parish Report of the City Librarian Report of the Melton Branch Librarian Corio Street Branch Library National Conference on Multiculturalism and Libraries 8th to 11th November 1980 Report Report of the City Engineer & Planner Industrial Development Code for the City of Sunshine Planning Permit Application Sonley Street Kindergarten Maidstone Planning Permit Ground and First Floor Offices 237 & 239 - 24 Hampshire Road Sunshine Planning Permit Application Service Premises 250 McIntyre Road Sunshine North Planning Permit Application Illuminated Sky Sign Corner Glengala Road and Evelyn Crescent Sunshine West Planning Permit Application Alterations to Existing Shops Highpoint West Shopping Centre Lots 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and Part 12 Rosamond Road Maribyrnong Planning Permit Application Four Flats 225 Main Road West St. Albans Planning Permit Bank Corner Hampshire Road and Devonshire Road Sunshine Planning Permit Application Transport Depot and Grain Store Francis Street Brooklyn Strata Subdivision 46 Monash Street Sunshine Strata Subdivision 53 Hertford Road Sunshine Plan of Subdivision Denton Avenue, Cavell Close and Maroondah Court St. Albans Prestressed Beam Lawrence Street Ardeer Footbridge Tenders Transfer of Reserves Westerngate Estate Installation of Fire Hydrants Transport Regulation Board Sunshine Bus Lines Pty Ltd Application to Change Route No 450 Sunshine to Ardeer St. Albans Road Footpath (East Side) Albion Station to B.T.M. Tubemakers Request by St. Albans South Progress Association Traffic Engineering Measures Accident Analysis Programme South Road Street Proposed Lighting Scheme by City of Footscray Electricity Supply Department Rochester Street to Darnley Street Braybrook Tariffs Public Lighting Sale of Surplus Equipment Appleby Avenue (Appleby Court) Private Street Scheme Boundary Road reconstruction East of Fitzgerald Road Laverton North St. Albans Heights Primary School Request for Regular Maintenance Proposed Roundabouts Northumberland Road / Suffolk Road and Northumberland Road / Warwick Road Sunshine North Air Conditioning Municipal Offices Proposed Public Toilet Block Ballarat Road Deer Park Report of the Building Surveyor Underground Tanks 199 Ballarat Road Maidstone Location of Building 63 Westmoreland Road Sunshine North Location of Building 8 Tullaroop Court St. Albans Building Over Easement 11 Jeffrey Close St. Albans Schedule for Authorising of Affixing the Common Seal of the Municipality to Documents Orders of the Day Accounts Submitted for Payment as at 30th November 1980 Extraordinary Business Report of the Chief Health Surveyor Catherine Yeung Community Nurse Report of the City Engineer & Planner Planning Permit Application 74 Lot Residential Subdivision Opie Road St. Albans Planning Permit Application 3 Flats Lots 23 & 25 Madden Street Maidstone Planning Permit Application Extensions to School Classrooms Land bounded by Churchill Avenue, Dobson Crescent and Darnley Street Planning Permit Application Restaurant, Service Premises and Associated Signs Red Rooster 204 - 210 Ballarat Road Maidstone Planning Permit Application Enforcement Factory and Petrol Filling Station Lots 13, 14, 15 & 16 North West Corner Ballarat Road and Glencairn Avenue Deer Park Planning Permit Application Two Lot Subdivision Ballarat Road Albion Planning Permit Application Junk Yard Scrap Metal Maida Avenue Sunshine North Planning Permit Application Warehouse Lots 30 & 31 Cromer Avenue Sunshine Planning Permit Application Display Home Centre Furlong Road St. Albans Planning Permit Application Factory Warehouse 4 Arvona Avenue Sunshine North Planning Permit Application Factory Renovation South West Corner Somerville Road and Tottenham Parade Planning Permit Application Bus Depot Lot 1 Emu Road Maidstone Planning Permit Application 4 Flats Lot 31 Bardsley Street Sunshine West Planning Permit Application Grain Storage Depot Stage 2 Francis Street Brooklyn Planning Permit Application Factory Warehouse North West Corner Ballarat Road and Lacy Street Braybrook Planning Permit Application Ground and Forst Floor Offices 239 - 241 Hampshire Road Sunshine Planning Permit Application Factory Lot 30 Frederick Street Brooklyn Planning Permit Application Service Premises Alterations Lot 2 Rosamond Road Maidstone Planning Permit Application 2 Flats 185A Main Road West St. Albans Planning Permit Application Clothing Manufacturer 67 Dumfries Street Deer Park Planning Permit Application Factory Display and Sales Lot 39 Reid Street Ardeer Planning Permit Application Extensions to Secondary School Marian College Glengala Road Sunshine West Planning Permit Application Promotion Panel Sign Lots 1, 6 and 7 Berkshire Road Sunshine North Planning Permit Application Shop Bank and Offices 288 Hampshire Road Sunshine Planning Permit Application Brick Store 75 Wright Street Sunshine Planning Permit Application Erection of New Multiple Sclerosis Residential and Day Attendance Centre Furlong Road St. Albans Planning Permit Application Warehouse Alterations 22 St. Albans Road St. Albans Planning Permit Application Junk Yard Lot 5 McIntyre Road Sunshine North Planning Permit Application Water Purification Plant Press Filter Platform Smorgon Consolidated Industries Meat and Paper Pty Ltd Planning Permit Application Bread and Cake Stall Level 2 Highpoint West Shopping Centre Rosamond Road Maribyrnong Planning Permit Application Hot Bread Kitchen Glengala Road Sunshine West Planning Permit Application Alterations to Service Station Lot 1 Ballarat Road Braybrook Planning Permit Application Market Extensions Level 1 Highpoint West Shopping Centre Rosamond Road Maribyrnong Planning Permit Application Laboratory and Offices Ballarat Road Sunshine Planning Permit Application Petrol Filling Station and Hotel Neale Road Deer Park Report of the Building Surveyor Building Over Easement 3 Droitwich Crescent Deer Park Building Over Easement 20 Hook Street St. Albans Building Over Easement 191 Wright Street Sunshine Building Over Easement 288 Station Road St. Albans Building Over Easement and Location of Building 11 Thwaites Street Sunshine Location of Building Lot 132 Hargreaves Crescent Braybrook Location of Building Lot 1 Station Road Deer Parkbalfour avenue, sunshine north, dobson crescent, sunshine, station road, deer park, sunshine swimming pool, kennedy street, st. johns college, churchill avenue, braybrook, maribyrnong river, essendon golf course, randall street, maribyrnong, smorgan consolidated industries, somerville road, tottenham, albion rovers soccer club, devonshire road, corio street branch library, corio street, sonley street kindergarten, sonley street, maidstone, mcintyre road, glengala road, evelyn crescent, sunshine west, highpoint west shopping centre, rosamond road, main road west, st. albans, francis street, brooklyn, monash street, hertford road, denton avenue, cavell close, maroondah court, lawrence street, lawrence street bridge, ardeer, sunshine bus lines, st. albans road, st. albans south progress association, b.t.m. tubemakers, south road, rochester street, darnley street, appleby avenue, appleby court, boundary road, fitzgerald road, laverton north, st. albans heights primary school, norwich street, northumberland road, suffolk road, warwick road, ballarat road, tullaroop court, jeffrey close, opie road, albanvale, madden street, red rooster, glencairn avenue, maida avenue, cromer avenue, furlong road, arvona avenue, tottenham parade, emu road, bardsley street, lacy street, frederick street, dumfries street, reid street, marian college, berkshire road, wright street, neale road, droitwich crescent, hook street, thwaites street, hargreaves crescent

Notice of Ordinary Meeting of the Council 9th December 1980 Report of the Town Clerk's Department Report of the Town Clerk Kiosk Sunshine Swimming Pool Professional Indemnity Insurance Proposed Technical School for Keilor Rate Recovery Sale Lot 88 Balfour Avenue Sunshine North Deed of Release Advertising Contracts Increase in Ceiling Municipal Association Committees Nomination of Representative Proposed Closure Dobson Crescent Braybrook St. Johns College Report of Rainbow Workshop Supplementary Valuations Land Transfer 88 Station Road Deer Park Sunshine Swimming Pool Learners Pool Heating Golf Course South Side of Maribyrnong River Proposed Link with the Essendon Golf Course Sealing of General Rate Year Ending 30th September 1980 Date of Ordinary Meetings of Council Report of the Co-Ordinator of Welfare Services Purchase of Land Randall Street Maribyrnong Funding for Teenage Holiday Programmes Emergency Foster Care Family Day Care Local Youth Affairs Council's Forum International Year of the Disable Federal Government Funding of Child Care Programmes Victorian Transport Study Lonie Report Sunshine CYSS Report of the Chief Health Surveyor Authorisation of Officers Under Summary Offences Act 1966 Issuing of Septic Tank Approval Notices Application for Septic Tank Systems Subsidies for Infant Welfare Sisters Weights and Measures Practical Experience Health Act Registrations Prosecution Proceedings Sunshine Magistrates Court Health Act Registrations for 1981 Health Act Registration Late Fee Application for Transfer of Proprietorship of Premises Under the Health Act Smorgan Consolidated Industries (Paper Plant) "Black Liquor" Process Refuse By-Law Enforcement Report of the Superintendent Traffic & By-Laws Jumble Sale Albion Rovers Soccer Club Sunshine Commonwealth Offices Devonshire Road Sunshine Dog Act Court Proceedings Parking and Traffic Infringements Dog Act Authority Under Sections 695 (10) of the Local Government Act 1958 Disposal of Derelict Vehicles Proposed Procession St. Pauls Parish Report of the City Librarian Report of the Melton Branch Librarian Corio Street Branch Library National Conference on Multiculturalism and Libraries 8th to 11th November 1980 Report Report of the City Engineer & Planner Industrial Development Code for the City of Sunshine Planning Permit Application Sonley Street Kindergarten Maidstone Planning Permit Ground and First Floor Offices 237 & 239 - 24 Hampshire Road Sunshine Planning Permit Application Service Premises 250 McIntyre Road Sunshine North Planning Permit Application Illuminated Sky Sign Corner Glengala Road and Evelyn Crescent Sunshine West Planning Permit Application Alterations to Existing Shops Highpoint West Shopping Centre Lots 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and Part 12 Rosamond Road Maribyrnong Planning Permit Application Four Flats 225 Main Road West St. Albans Planning Permit Bank Corner Hampshire Road and Devonshire Road Sunshine Planning Permit Application Transport Depot and Grain Store Francis Street Brooklyn Strata Subdivision 46 Monash Street Sunshine Strata Subdivision 53 Hertford Road Sunshine Plan of Subdivision Denton Avenue, Cavell Close and Maroondah Court St. Albans Prestressed Beam Lawrence Street Ardeer Footbridge Tenders Transfer of Reserves Westerngate Estate Installation of Fire Hydrants Transport Regulation Board Sunshine Bus Lines Pty Ltd Application to Change Route No 450 Sunshine to Ardeer St. Albans Road Footpath (East Side) Albion Station to B.T.M. Tubemakers Request by St. Albans South Progress Association Traffic Engineering Measures Accident Analysis Programme South Road Street Proposed Lighting Scheme by City of Footscray Electricity Supply Department Rochester Street to Darnley Street Braybrook Tariffs Public Lighting Sale of Surplus Equipment Appleby Avenue (Appleby Court) Private Street Scheme Boundary Road reconstruction East of Fitzgerald Road Laverton North St. Albans Heights Primary School Request for Regular Maintenance Proposed Roundabouts Northumberland Road / Suffolk Road and Northumberland Road / Warwick Road Sunshine North Air Conditioning Municipal Offices Proposed Public Toilet Block Ballarat Road Deer Park Report of the Building Surveyor Underground Tanks 199 Ballarat Road Maidstone Location of Building 63 Westmoreland Road Sunshine North Location of Building 8 Tullaroop Court St. Albans Building Over Easement 11 Jeffrey Close St. Albans Schedule for Authorising of Affixing the Common Seal of the Municipality to Documents Orders of the Day Accounts Submitted for Payment as at 30th November 1980balfour avenue, sunshine north, dobson crescent, sunshine, station road, deer park, sunshine swimming pool, kennedy street, st. johns college, essendon golf course, randall street, maribyrnong, smorgan consolidated industries, somerville road, tottenham, albion rovers soccer club, devonshire road, hampshire road, mcintyre road, glengala road, evelyn crescent, sunshine west, highpoint west shopping, rosamond road, main road west, st. albans, francis street, brooklyn, monash street, hertford road, denton avenue, cavell close, maroondah court, lawrence street, lawrence street bridge, ardeer, sunshine bus lines, st. albans road, b.t.m. tubemakers, south road, rochester street, darnley street, appleby avenue, appleby court, fitzgerald road, boundary road, st. albans heights primary school, norwich street, northumberland road, suffolk road, warwick road, ballarat road, maidstone, westmoreland road, tullaroop court, jeffrey close