Optometrists are trained to examine eyes and prescribe visual aids such as spectacles. The optometer pictured in the media section of this document dates from the 1800s. The optometer was used with various lenses to determine the refraction of the eye. Refraction means the extent to which light is bent by an individual's eye. The result can determine how short-sighted or long-sighted they are, and the strength of spectacles required. In the second half of the 1800s, ophthalmologists also devised instruments to measure the separate components of vision. Dr Jules Badal developed the pictured instrument in 1876. It was based on an optometer invented by William Porterfield in 1759. The brass stands look as though they were made for an optometer to be table mounted, with heavy brass stands and designed to hold a cylindrical object securely as would be required by an optometer. Stands appear to have been very well made and very early probably early to mid 19th Century by a well known scientific instrument maker given there are no inscriptions or marks to indicate the time period made or maker it is difficult to assume significance to these items at this point in time as well as the items are incomplete.The brass stands believed to be for mounting an early Optometer an (ophthalmic instrument) Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, stands for scientific instrument

Close up on sign - one of two photographs of 184 Station Street, so-called 'Gainsborough House', mounted together in white card with captions. Houses built by Stevedore Jules Commans late 19th century (erroneous '1857' sign added sometime in the 20th century)built environment - domestic, jules commans

Full view of house - one of two photographs of 184 Station Street, so-called 'Gainsborough House', mounted together in white card with captions. Houses built by Stevedore Jules Commans late 19th century (erroneous '1857' sign added sometime in the 20th century)built environment - domestic, jules commans

Copy of the certificate Diplôme de la Médaille Florence Nightingale (Florence Nightingale Medal Diploma) given to Edith Cornwell with her medal in Geneva in 1933. Already a recipient of the Royal Red Cross 2nd class and 1st class, this medal is the highest international distinction a nurse can receive. It is given by the International Committee of the Red Cross.A large board mounted copy of a certificate that has black print artwork of a woman holding a man on her lap in a landscape that has broken wood, ground and a half sunken ship present. The middle of the certificate has a red cross in a white circle and the top half has text bordered with thorns and foliage.wwi, ww1, world war one, australian army nursing service, aans, edith cornwell, florence nightingale medal, royal red cross

Hard cover book, The Black Arrow Author: Robert Louis Stevenson Publisher: Cassell & Co Date: 1897 Red hardcover with Embossed picture of an archer and a black spine. The spine has a label with an inscription.fictionThe novel follows young Richard "Dick" Shelton during the Wars of the Roses (1460-1461), as he uncovers his guardian Sir Daniel Brackley's role in his father's murder and joins the Black Arrow outlaws for revenge. Disguised as a boy, Dick's love interest Joanna Sedley aids his quest amid battles, betrayals, and alliances with Yorkist leader Richard Crookback (future Richard III), culminating in justice and marriage. Robert Louis Stevenson drew inspiration for “The Black Arrow” from historical sources and editorial prompts. He primarily relied on “The Paston Letters”, a collection of 15th century correspondence from a Norfolk family that provided authentic details on daily life, feuds, and the Wars of the Roses.warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, a life, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, pattison collection, warrnambool library, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, ralph eric pattison