Saddle, Fault, and Spur reefs are the main types, found in Ordovician slates and sandstones folded into anticlines and synclines. Major Productive Reefs: Hustlers, Garden Gully, Paddy's Gully, Sheepshead, New Chum, Nell Gwynne, and Carshalton.Mining Process: Gold is found in quartz lodes, extracted, crushed, and separated using mercury amalgamation. From 1851–1949, over 21 million ounces of gold were produced, valued at approximately £323 million (1964 prices). Located Bendigo is in central Victoria, north of the Dividing Range, between Campaspe Valley and Loddon flats; 100 miles from Melbourne. The City area is 8,030 acres; population around 40,000 (city), 47,000 (district).Climate is temperate, with average rainfall of 20 inches, and 320 sunny days per year. Gold First discovered in 1851 at Golden Square. Bendigo Became a municipal district in 1855, a town in 1861, a city in 1871, and changed its name from Sandhurst to Bendigo in 1891. Key Events: Establishment of hospital, police court, churches, schools, and infrastructure like railways and water supply.Governance and Civic Structure. Council Structure: 3 wards, each with 3 councillors serving 3-year terms; mayor elected by councillors. Main revenue from rates and property; principal duties include public works, health, parks, and enforcement of by-laws. Major Projects: Olympic swimming pool, market extensions, park improvements, road and drainage works.Economy and IndustryCommerce: 730 retail shops, 260 factories, and a major livestock market.Principal Industries: Meat processing, manufacturing (including ordnance, textiles, engineering), fruit and food processing, and egg production. Bendigo is Noted for sheep, lamb, fruit (especially tomatoes and apples), and dairy. Major rail and road hub with connections across Victoria and to New South Wales; tram and bus services.Education: Institute of Technology, Teachers College, multiple secondary and primary schools, and special education facilities. Several hospitals, aged care homes, and health services. 486 acres of parks and gardens, extensive sports facilities, and Lake Eppalock for water sports. Wide range of community, cultural, and sporting organizations. Regional library, art gallery, music and drama societies. Notable Figures and HeritageGeorge Lansell: Known as the "Gold King," a key figure in Bendigo's mining history. Transformation: From a sheep run to a major goldfield and then to a modern city with significant infrastructure and cultural assets. Motto Coat of Arms: Features symbols representing gold mining, agriculture, pioneering, and fruit growing.Motto: "Progress" in gold on a purple ribbon.Bendigo's history is marked by rapid growth from gold discovery, strong civic development, and a diverse economy, making it a significant regional center in Victoria.History Notes - Information on Mining, statistics and early development of Bendigo - author unknown This item contains the following document: 11217.65a Twelve Foolscap typed pages with information on Bendigonon-fictionbendigo, fortuna, george lansell, development of bendigo

Map in three sections showing sections across Bendigo Gold Field, showing anticlines, synclines, faults, stratigraphical zones and mines along the reef lines. Key shows rock types Castlemaine, Bendigo B1, B2, B3 and B4, and Lancefieldian. First part of map shows sections A-A, B-B and C-C. Reef lines drawn with mines listed: Fault line shown are the Carshalton, Stafford, New Chum, Virginia and Clarence. A datum line shows 600 ft above sea level. On bottom of plan: ' Prepared in the Geological Survey Office, Bendigo, under the direction of H. Herman, late Director of Geological Survey, from surveys by H.S. Whitelaw, Field Geologist, assisted by E.S. Usher, A.J.J. Moore and R.A. Keble.' Second section of map shows sections D-D, and E-E. Fault lines listed are the Tambour Major fault, Carshalton fault, Stafford fault, Nell Gwynne fault, New Chum fault, Deborah fault. Third section shows sections F-F and G-G. Fault lines listed are the Bird Reef fault, Kangaroo Gully fault, Langdon fault, Carshalton fault, Nell Gwynne fault, Spring Gully fault, Hustlers fault, Gravel Hill fault, Ordes fault, Thanet fault. This map forms part of the Geological Survey of Victoria, Structure of Bendigo Goldfield report, No. 47, 1923. H.Herman, late Director of Geological Survey.Geological Survey of Victoriabendigo, gold mining, reef line maps