Originated in Drente where cutting peat was one of the main industries. Used together with peat cutter (Item 4143) and peat spade (Item 4142).A rare example referring to the peat cutting industry.Wooden flat-bed wheelbarrow with wooden wheel with metal band. Oak and teak have been used and the item is varnished. Used together with peat cutter (Item 4143) and peat spade (Item 4142).peat cutting. child. wheelbarrow.

Originated in Drente where cutting peat was one of the main industries. Used together with wheelbarrow (Item 4139) and peat spade (Item 4142). A rare example referring to the peat cutting industry.Metal Peat cutter with wooden handle.Varnished pine has been used and the cutting blade is painted black. Used together with wooden flat-bed wheelbarrow (Item 4139) and peat spade (Item 4142)peat cutting. child. peat-cutter

Statement from from Brian Stegley, Chairman of Stegbar, to Shareholders recommending acceptance of the F&T Industries takeover offer.Typewritten, foolscap, 9 pages.

After the 1939 bushfires the Forests Commission placed orders for 130,000 feet (nearly 40 km) of 1½ inch canvas hose in Britain to accompany over 200 new pumps of various types. The Altona workshop became a major centre for fabrication, repair and storage of hose, pumps and specialised equipment.Underground peat fires are very difficult to extinguish Water tends to just run off and not penetrate when sprayed onto the surface Peat spears are driven into the ground and connected to high pressure hose to inject waterforests commission victoria (fcv), bushfire, fire pump, fire tanker

Wooden peat cutting spade with metal re-enforcement of the cutting edge.Varnished pine has been used and the cutting edge re-enforcement is painted black. Used together with wooden flat-bed wheelbarrow (Item 4139) and peat cutter (Item 4143)

SHEEAN FRAN COLLECTION: City of Bendigo Progress Report 1/86 (Dated Feb 1986) from Peat Marwickbendigo, history

Reginald Henry Paynter was born in Bendigo in 1901 and died there in 2000. In 1925 he married Muriel Peating (1901-1990).Memoirs of Reg & Muriel Paynter 1925 - 1990 40 pages with black and white photographs.genealogy, family, paynter

Receipt Perpetual Executors' & Trustees Association of Australasia, for 641/4/11, being payment for Peat's Estate. Dated 6th. May 1889.Green one penny stamp at the topt of the document Company emblem on the top leftbusiness, legal, peat's estate

Petty Officer Ronald John MCGREGOR, (Service no: W/650) was born in Williamstown on 15 June 1913 and enlisted in the RAN on 6 September 1939. He served on the HMAS Kanimbla, SS George Peat, and at HMAS Basilisk Source: vwma.org,au royal australian navy, petty officer ronald john mcgregor

Advertisement for the sale of the Colonial Tramcar Restaurant placed by Peat Marwick of Melbourne. The Age Newspaper of 15/2/1983 has a story about the launch of the tram - see item 3730.Yields information about early days of the Tramcar Restaurant in Melbourne.Newspaper cutting from the Financial Review 23-11-1983 advertising Notice - The Colonial Tramcar Restaurant for saletrams, tramcars, colonial tramcar restaurant, restaurant tram, sale of trams

Bog oak is ancient oak wood preserved for centuries or millennia in oxygen-poor peat bogs, turning it into incredibly dense, durable, and deep black or dark brown due to reactions with bog minerals and tannins.Set of 6 buttons - 2 large (32 mm diameter) and 4 smaller (25 mm) Large buttons have a castle engraved, the smaller have an ancient cathedral style building engraved.

This particular specimen was recovered from the Lal Lal Coal and Iron Mine in Victoria, 19km from Ballarat. Brown Coal was discovered here in 1857, just alongside the Geelong to Ballarat Railway line. This discovery of lignite (brown coal) was the first in Victoria, which would bring important benefits to the region and state, both of which had previously been reliant on coal imports. In the 1860s, iron ore was found just 5km from Lal Lal, and the area was converted into an Iron Ore Mine. The Lal Lal Iron Mining Company took over operations in 1874, who then peaked iron production in 1884. This mine continued operations until June 1884, when the blast furnace was extinguished and never recommenced. The blast furnace at Lal Lal is considered one of the most important and highly significant sites ion early industrial history in Australia, as it is the only remaining best furnace from the nineteenth century in the Southern Hemisphere. The furnace ruins are 17 metres high, and are clearly visible today on Iron Mine Road, Lal Lal, near the Bungal Dam. This specimen of Lignite (brown coal) is significant, as it was mined from the area where brown coal was first discovered in Victoria, leading to an important and controversial future of the mining and use of brown coal in this State. The Victorian Heritage Database has listed the Lal Lal Coal Mine with local significance, with their Statement of Significance stating: "The Lal Lal coal mine is historically significant as the site of the first discovery of lignite (brown coal) in Victoria, and one that promised important benefits to regional and state industries that were reliant on coal imports at the time. The significance of the stie is reduced by the poor state of preservation of the coal mining and processing fabric". This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A hand-sized light-weight, soft and combustable sedimentary rock specimen, that is dark brown in colour. The specimen has jagged edges, as though parts of the rock have crumbled away. Brown coal, or Lignite, is formed naturally from compressed peat, and is typically found in natural basins. The stages to the formation of coal ('coalification') begin with plant material and wood, which will decay if it is not subjected to deep burial or heating, and turn into Peat. Peat, when sufficiently compressed naturally, will turn into Brown Coal (Lignite), and finally into Black Coal (sub-bituminous, bituminous and anthracite). Each successive stage has a higher energy content and lower water content. It is brownish-black in colour. Brown Coal has a high moisture content, between 50 and 75 percent, and a low carbon content. Some Brown Coals may be stratified, with layers of plant matter, which means little coalification has occurred beyond the peat natural processing stage. When Brown Coal is submerged in dilute nitric acid or boiling potassium hydroxide solution, it reacts to produce a reddish solution, of which higher-ranked coals do not. When brown coal is pulverised and burned in boilers, the steam is used to drive turbines, which generates electricity. It is the lowest rank of coal, as when burned, it creates a relatively low heat content, which in turn does not create a great output of steam. burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, brown coal, brown coal specimen, lignite, lal lal, lal lal coal mine, lal lal iron mine, ballarat, blast furnace

This specimen was recovered from Wonthaggi in Victoria. Coal is a sedimentary rock which is composed of peat after it has been exposed over millions of years. This is an example of Australian black coal which is used as either thermal or coking coal for electricity generation or manufacturing processes. It is predominantly composed of Carbon which is 'C' on the periodic table of elements. This early example of a coal sample, shows the important role that coal played/plays in Australia's energy generation and manufacturing processes. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.Small piece of black coal with museum original labelGeological survey / R..... S...../ Locality Cape Patterson coal specimen, burke museum, geological survey of victoria, geological specimen, geology

Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Footy: Bendigo gas works football club, 1926. Some names of players provided are: (second row, second from right) Phil Moorshead, (third row, third from left) Peat Wattie, (second row, second from left) Tom Flood, (front row, second from right) Bob Pysing. Photo supplied by Alma McHardy. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Black and white photo showing Red Cross members at 50th Birthday at Ringwood RSL - 1989"Attached to photo- List of members names" Front Row L to R :Grace Smith, Win Cassidy, Vera Wigley, Norine Barry. Second Row L to R: Judy Harris, Helen Niegerg, Dot lunn, ? . Third Row L to R: Norma Biddlecomb & Grand daughter Victoria, Buelah Martin, Dot Whitehead,Ivy Philps, Jean Keiting, Kath Perks, Maiser Peats Photo June Richardson

Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Grinners: 1927 Premiers, Raywood, in the Tandara-Mitiamo Lines Association. Back row - Ned Kinsman (trainer), Lewis Ross, Ray Morshed, Sid Morshed, Fred Crapper, Frank Crapper, Bert Donaldson, Simon O'Halloran, Arthus Johnson (trainer). Middle - Jack Miller (committee), Britt Richards, Jack Crapper, Sid Aldridge, Ern Hayes, Edgar Johnson, Alan Johnson, Ginge Gunn (committee). Front - Jack Gallagher, Jack Peat, Rupert Ellis, Charlie Pascoe, Percy Johnson. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Brown Coal is typically found as rocks. During formation the Brown Coal starts as peats, which is an acidic brown deposit resembling soil, and over time when subjected to pressure and heat these peats form the Coal. Brown Coal is the lowest rank of coal as it has a low carbon (energy) content, and a high moisture content. This high moisture content makes Brown Coal unsuitable for overseas exports. This particular specimen was recovered from the Yallourn Mine in Latrobe Valley, Victoria as part of the geological survey of Victoria being carried out by Alfred Selwyn. Otherwise known as the 'Yallourn Power Station', the Yallourn Mine is Australia's second largest mine. Yallourn Mine was first built in 1920, and since then it has been providing over 1 billion tonnes of Brown Coal to Australia every year. The Yallourn Mine is responsible for 22% of Victoria's electricity and 8% of Australia's electricity. As of 2021 the mine employs around 500 people. Due to ongoing maintenance issues and Australia's move to cleaner energy, the Yallourn Mine intends to shut down permanently as of 2028. Soon after gold was discovered in 1851, Victoria’s Governor La Trobe wrote to the Colonial Office in London, urging ‘the propriety of selecting and appointing as Mineral Surveyor for this Colony a gentleman possessed of the requisite qualifications and acquaintance with geological science and phenomena’. Alfred Selwyn was appointed geological surveyor in Australia in 1852 which began the Geological Survey of Victoria. In 1853-69 the Geological Survey issued under Selwyn's direction sixty-one geological maps and numerous reports; they were of such high standard that a writer in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London bracketed the survey with that of the United States of America as the best in the world. During his years spent in Australia, Selwyn collected numerous significant geological specimens, examples of which are held in collections such as the Burke Museum.Brown coal is considered to be an essential rock to Australia's energy consumption. Although plentiful in sources, Brown Coal is not able to be exported overseas due to its high moisture content. As Australia moves towards cleaner energy, Brown Coal is going become less used. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized sedimentary rock that is a dark shade of brown.13 / BROWN COAL / Showing Woody structure / Locality: Yallourn, Vic. | Label probably / correct but / can't find reference / no. 13 to match in / registers. / C Willman / 15/4/21burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, yallourn, yallourn mine, victoria, coal, brown coal, brown coal specimen, alfred selwyn, geological survey of victoria, geological survey, yallourn power station

Bendigo Advertiser "The way we were" from Friday, November 12, 2004. Top team: the 1934 St Killian's Football Club, Bendigo Football Association premiers. Front row: Chris Manhai, Wattie Peat, Vern McDonald, Boof Hollingsworth, Bert Phelan and Jack Nolan. Middle row: Andy Ferrari, Neil Svanosio, Jack Fitzgerald, Les Patten (vice-president), Bruce Jones ( captain,coach), Joseph Madden (president), Jack Svanosio, Mick Francis and Gerald Mullins. Back row: Ted Johnson, Tony Collins, Unknown, Hec McQualter, Les Collard, John O'Connor, Jim Smeaton, Bill Woods, Jim Daffey and Jack Muir (trainer).newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Photocopy of pages 2, 3, 4, 6 to 10 of The Mining Record, Feb. 1862. Items mentioned are:- Epsom and Huntly Leads, Pottery Flat, & c, Parliamentary Intelligence, Deep Sinking On Quartz Reefs, The Comet Company (Formerly Cooper's Little Redan), Hustler's Reef Quartz Mining & Drainage Company, Sailors' Gully Quartz Mining Company, Star Reef, Sailor's Gully, Bendigo, Star Reef Quartz Mining Company's Claim, Wilson & Co's Claim, Murdoch and Co's Claim, Hollick and Co.'s Claim, Cook and Co.'s Claim, Coote and Co.'s Claim, Sailor's gully quartz Mining Company's Claim, Garden Gully Reef, Knobel & Co.'s Claim, Ladams and Co.'s Claim, Southern Cross Company, The Rainbow Company, Barry and Co.'s Claim, Union Company's Claim, Winterbottom and Co.s Claim, Jury and Co.'s Claim, Piles and Co.'s Claim, Steers and Co.'s Claim, Watson and Co.'s Claim, Coles and Co.'s Claim, James and Co.'s Claim, Morgan, Kirchner and Co.'s Claim, Boyd and Co.'s Claim, Shanks and Co.'s Claim, Day and Co.'s Claim, Brown and Co.'s Claim, St. Mungo Quartz Mining Company and the Nelson Reef Quartz Mining Company.document, gold, mining reports, mining record feb 1862, bell's life, wellington hotel, botanical gardens, mitchell gardens, bird-in-hand, independent co, ballarat co, perserverance co, north star co, all england co, macleod co, mather and co, gold washing co, bendigo valley co, robey and co, hobbs and co, taylor's, lewis and co, henwood and co, bullock and co, davey and co, webb and lathlean, the welshman's, bon accord, john thomas's, caledonian co, webster, hrdy bros, mcewen and co, the big engine co, epsom huntly and ironstone hill co, 'the thames' steamer, whitely and co, cambridge co, victoria co, dower m'intosh and co, thomas and davies, aurora co, brett's, thomas bros, mitchell brothers, ballarat co, north star co, all england co, mr b g davies, mr ramsay, dr evans, tarrangower times, mr humffray, clunes co, mr courtin, mr lawrence, port phillip and colonial gold mining co, mr bland, r brough smith, john s mcnair, john mathieson, mr r o smith, joseph millen, thomas kaye, john basset, william cook, james cousley, john hill, robert hollinger, thomas houston, george loudon, william manning, john matthews, john mcewen, thomas milligan, john moorhead, robert moorhead, david murdoch, andrew murdoch, joseph nevin, edward o'malley, wm newton paul, james reid, samuel robinson, jesse selwood, james shand, william woods, catherine united claimholders, star reef co, sailor's gully co, churchill davidson, wm wilson, john jervis, james patterson, john carmont, george m'naughten, alexander wiseman, james houston, m'lennan, clark, thomas hollick, james alfred bowles, john lampert, francis palmetser, nichols, little pumping engine co, m'niely, morrison, waight, john coote, robert hamilton, william wilson, john jervis, southern cross co, ladam's claim, knobel, bird, philip ladams, james anderson, cordon, ashley, godwin, burkamp, john lomasney, james bryant, matthew langridge, benjamin exley, j r finlayson, wormold, mccartney, schrade, schumacher, george barry, james patten, peter speares, thomas caley, shadbolt, john lomasney, peat, kenely, mcgenely, egan, exwell, james winterbottom, john winterbottom, william jury, jonathan laidman, john pile, simon howard, peter morris, bignall, charles robison, ferguson, thomas steers, adolphe witts, albert berchdolt, richard urand, thomas watson, klemm, boyd, abbot, peterson, taylor, henry day, walter wallan, brown, grennan, day, young, mr beckwith, joseph thomson, nelson reef quartz mining co

This photograph was one of ten photographs donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village by Fred Trewartha. Frederick John Fox Trewartha (Fred) was a well-known Warrnambool businessman. He was born in Beeac near Geelong in 1920 and came to Warrnambool with his family as a very young child. He was apprenticed to his father John, as a saddler and later opened his own shop on Raglan Parade. He then moved into working with tarpaulins and canvases for the trucking industry. Fred was keenly interested in photography (and was a member of the Warrnambool Cine Club), yachting and boat building. He kept his yacht moored at Port Fairy for many years and participated in sailing events locally and interstate. He also built boats with his sons. He had the opportunity to meet many older sailors and it's thought this photo (and others in the set) may have been given to him by one of these men. Fred Trewartha died in 2016 in Warrnambool. Shipping was the cheapest and most practical means of carrying produce and goods during the period 1840-1890. Regular domestic steamer services commenced in the Warrnambool district in the late 1850’s and by 1870 the passenger trade was booming. Four coastal traders made regular stops at Warrnambool in the 1880's - S. S. Julia Percy, S. S. Dawn, S. S. Nelson and S. S. Casino. The S.S. Julia Percy (later named Leeuwin) was an iron passenger-cargo steam ship built in 1876. At one point in time the Julia Percy would sail from Warrnambool to Melbourne every Friday and return from Melbourne to Warrnambool every Tuesday. The cost of a return ticket for a Saloon Fare was £1.0.0. The Julia Percy was built in Glasgow by Thomas Wingate & Company, Whiteinch, in 1876 for the Warrnambool Steam Packet Company, which commissioned it for trade in Victoria’s western district. It was first registered in Warrnambool, Victoria in 1876. Two steamships, the Julia Percy and the Nelson, collided on 25th December 1881. The Julia Percy was at that time owned by its first owners, the Warrnambool Steam Packet Company, and she sailed under the command of Captain Chapman. It had left Melbourne the evening of 24th December, with about 150 passengers, sailing in fine weather through Port Phillip Heads around 9pm. It was headed for Warrnambool, Belfast (now named Port Fairy) and Portland. The Julia Percy was off Apollo Bay when Captain Chapman was woken by the ship’s whistle after midnight, the steamer Nelson being on a collision course with the Julia Percy. The Nelson struck Julia Percy midship. Boats were lowered from the ship (apart from a damaged lifeboat) and about 30-40 of the passengers boarded the Nelson. The engine room and the forehold were checked and found clear of water. The company manager, Mr. Evans, had been on the Nelson, so he boarded and inspected the Julia Percy and the decision was made to continue on to Warrnambool with the passengers as there appeared to be no immediate danger. However, Captain Thomas Smith said the Nelson was taking on water, so Julia Percy followed it for about an hour towards Melbourne on standby in case of need. Then Julia Percy turned around towards Warrnambool again. Shortly afterwards the Nelson turned to follow her, the ships stopped and passengers were returned to Julia Percy, and three from Julia Percy boarded the Nelson. Both ships proceeded on their way. Julia Percy passed Cape Otway light afterwards, signaling that there had been a collision. It was discovered later that one of the passengers was missing, then thought to have boarded the Nelson but later thought to have fallen into the sea and drowned while trying to jump from Julia Percy to Nelson. There had been 3 tickets purchased under the same name of that passenger “Cutler”; a father, son and friend named Wordsworth, which had caused quite some confusion. No further mishap occurred to either ship and both the Julia Percy and the Nelson reached their destinations safely. An enquiry was instigated by the Victoria Steam Navigation Board regarding the cause of the accident between the two steamships, in connection with the death of Cutler who was supposed to have lost his life by the collision. The enquiry resulted in Captain Thomas Smith having his master's certificate suspended for six months. The Julia Percy changed hands several times. Its next owner was the Western Steam Navigation Co (1887), managed by Mr. T.H. Osborne (the company’s office was on the corner of Timor and Liebig Streets - its north-western wall is now part of the current Warrnambool Regional Art Gallery.) The Melbourne Steamship Co became the next owners (1890), followed by William Howard Smith and Sons (1901) for use in Queensland coastal trades and then it was bought by George Turnbull in 1903 and used for local mail contract in Western Australia. The Julia Percy was sold to the Melbourne Steamship Company Ltd. (1906) and re-named the “Leeuwin” but continued in her Western Australian coastal run. It was converted into a coal hulk in Melbourne in 1910 as a result of damaged caused when it was driven against the jetty at Dongara during a gale. The ship was eventually dismantled and scuttled off Port Phillip Heads on 28 December 1934. The steamship "Dawn" was a 522-ton coastal trader built in 1876 and the vessel operated around the Victorian west coast from 1877 until 1898 for the Portland & Belfast Steam Navigation Co. sailing between Melbourne and Portland, via Warrnambool. The vessel was then owned in October 1885 by the renamed company, Belfast & Koroit Steam Navigation Co., until March 1896 when its ownership moved to W Howard Smith & Sons Ltd. This Melbourne company used the ship to service most ports around Australia. Captain F. Chapman took over from Captain Jones and served on the SS Dawn from 1898 until 1900 when he took command of the SS Casino. On September 4th 1880, the three masted clipper ship, "Eric the Red" struck Otway Reef, near Cape Otway. The S. S. Dawn, under the command of Captain Jones, was returning to Warrnambool from Melbourne, its sailing time different to its usual schedule. The provedore of the Dawn, Benjamin Lear, heard cries of distress coming through the portholes of the saloon. He gave the alarm and the engines were stopped. Cries could be heard clearly, coming from the land. Captain Jones sent out crew in two boats, and fired off rockets and blue lights to illuminate the area. They picked up the three survivors who were in the long boat from "Eric the Red". Two men were picked up out of the water, one being the owner’s son who was clinging to floating kerosene boxes. At daylight the Dawn then rescued the 18 men from the floating portion of the deckhouse, which had drifted about 4 miles from where they’d struck the reef. Shortly after the rescue the deckhouse drifted onto breakers and was thrown onto rocks at Point Franklin, about 2 miles east of Cape Otway. Captain Jones had signalled to Cape Otway lighthouse the number of the Eric the Red and later signalled that there was a wreck at Otway Reef but there was no response from the lighthouse. The captain and crew of the Dawn spent several more hours searching unsuccessfully for more survivors, even going back as far as Apollo Bay. On board the Dawn the exhausted men received care and attention to their needs and wants, including much needed clothing. Four men (three crew and one passenger) died. A week after the shipwreck, the Australian Government had also conveyed its thanks to the Captain and crew of the S.S. Dawn - “Captain Griffith Jones, S.S. Dawn, The Hon. Mr Clark desires that the thanks of the Government should be conveyed to you for the prompt, persevering and seamanlike qualities displayed by you, your officers and crew in saving the number of lives you did on the occasion referred to. The Hon. The Commissioner has also been pleased to award you a souvenir in commemoration of the occasion, and a sum of 65 pounds to be awarded to your officers and crew according to annexed scale. I am, &c, W Collins Rees, for and in the absence of the Chief Harbour Master.” The Awards are as follows: - Crew of DAWN'S lifeboat-Chief Officer, Mr G. Peat, 15 pounds; boat's crew-G. Sterge, A.B., 5 pounds; T. Hammond, A.B., 5 pounds; J. Black, A.B., 5 pounds; H. Edwards, A.B., 5 pounds. Dinghy's Crew-Second Officer, Mr Christie, 10 pounds; boat's crew -F. Lafer, A.B., 5 pounds; W. Johnstone, A.B., 5 pounds; Mr Lear, provedore, 5 pounds; Mr Dove, purser, 5 pounds. Captain Jones receives a piece of plate. (from “Wreck of the ship Eric the Red” by Jack Loney). Medals of Bravery were awarded to the Captain and crew of the S.S. Dawn by the President of the United States, through the Consul-general (Mr Oliver M. Spencer), in July 1881 “ … in recognition of their humane efforts in rescuing the 23 survivors of the American built wooden sailing ship, the Eric the Red, on 4th September 1880.” The men were also presented with substantial monetary rewards and gifts. The city of Warrnambool’s care of the survivors was also mentioned by the President at the presentation, saying that “the city hosted and supported the crew ‘most graciously’. The Medal of Bravery awarded to Nelson Johnson is in the collection at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village in Warrnambool. Prior to 1882, and the arrival of the S. S. Casino, the "Dawn" was the only steamer to be able to navigate up the Moyne River at Port Fairy and unload at the wharf. The other regular steamers had to anchor in the bay instead. In February 1891 (as reported in The Age newspaper) the "Dawn" became the first vessel to berth alongside the newly completed Warrnambool Breakwater. The occasion was celebrated with a number of prominent townspeople assembling on board to "participate of a glass of wine". In 1895 the owners of the S.S. Dawn, the Portland and Belfast Steam Navigation Co., wound up and sold out to the Belfast Company who took over the Dawn for one year before selling it to Howard Smith. It took over the Melbourne to Warrnambool run in 1906 when the S. S. Flinders was sold. The S. S. Dawn was condemned and sunk in Suva in 1928. The State Library of Victoria has a lithograph in its collection depicting the steamer Dawn and the shipwrecked men, titled. "Wreck of the ship Eric the Red, Cape Otway: rescue of the crew by the Dawn". The third ship depicted in the photograph was thought to be the S. S. Coorong but there was a question mark next to its name. The photograph was thought to have been taken in 1885 and it's possible the S.S. Coorong was working in Clarence River, N. S. W. by this time. The steamer "Coorong" was built in 1862 by J. G. Lawrie of Glasgow. It was an "iron screw" steamer of 304 tons. It had many owners including Joseph Darwent of Adelaide (1863 - 1871), McMeckan Blackwood and Company, Melbourne (1871 - 1877), Mount Gambier Steamship Company Ltd. (1877 - 1881). William Whineham, Port Adelaide (1882), John See and Company, Sydney (1884 - 1892) and the North Coast Steam Navigation Company Ltd, Sydney (1892 - 1910). In 1911 it was hulked in Sydney Harbour and in 1921 it was being used as a coal hulk at Sydney. It had been originally imported into South Australia for the Port Augusta trade (primarily transporting goods needed by the early settlers) however the owners recognized that it had too much space for that purpose, so it was moved to work on the Adelaide to Melbourne line. Its passenger accommodation was enlarged and it enjoyed a "first class reputation" and by 1874 had made 313 voyages between Melbourne and Adelaide. Its captains included Captain McLean, Captain Ashton and Captain Dowell. In 1867, when 25 miles west of Cape Otway, while travelling from Adelaide to Melbourne, it came across the crew of the schooner "Black Watch" who had abandoned ship after it began quickly taking on water. The crew (six men) were able to get away in a small boat with a compass, chart and few candles. They were "excessively cold from exposure to the weather" when the S. S. Coorong picked them up. In 1877 the Coorong ran aground when entering the Outer Harbour at Adelaide (but was not damaged) and in 1882 it was stranded (for a short time) near Curdies Inlet (Victoria) with some slight damage to its bottom plates. Note - A ship with the same name "Coorong" (a coal carrying barque) was often on the Newcastle / Wollongong to Adelaide route also stopped several times in Warrnambool in the mid 1880's. The photograph has the label "Chuck Photos" printed on the front. Thomas Foster Chuck (born 1826 in London) was a photographer and entrepreneur who arrived in Victoria in 1861. The following year he produced and toured a "Grand Moving Diarama" of dramatic painted scenes from the Burke and Wills expedition. By 1866 he had established a photography studio in Daylesford and later he returned to Melbourne where he opened a studio in the Royal Arcade. In 1874 a collection of Chuck's photographs won a gold medal at the Annual International Exhibition in London. Throughout the 1870's he took over 700 individual photographs of prominent citizens for his historical photographic montage titled "Historical Pictures of the Explorers and Early Colonists of Victoria" which is now in the collection of the National Library of Australia. By 1888 he had sold his Melbourne studio and had established a studio in Ballarat (with his son Thomas Henry Chuck). In 1886 they produced an album titled "Warrnambool and District 1886, Western Hotel - J. Fox proprietor" containing over sixty large photographs of local coastal scenes and seascapes, for the use of patrons of the Western Hotel. This photo (of the three steamers in Lady Bay) was taken at this time and is in the album. Thomas Chuck died on December 7th, 1898, in Albert Park, Melbourne and his son Thomas Henry continued to operate the photography studio in Ballarat into the 1920's.This photograph is a significant record of several of the well-known coastal traders (S. S. Julia Percy, S. S. Dawn and possibly S. S. Coorong) that sailed along the southwest coast of Victoria for many years - transporting goods and passengers between Melbourne and Warrnambool in the 1880's. They are also significant in the role they played in the history of Warrnambool and the other coastal ports they visited as well as being examples of the dangers and hazards associated with navigating the waters along the southern coast of Australia. It is also a good example of a photograph taken by a well-known and significant photographer of that era.Black and white photograph of three steam ships anchored in Lady Bay, Warrnambool. They each have a funnel and two masts and are side on to the beach. A small rowboat with a crew can be seen on the far right. The words "CHUCK-PHOTO" are on the bottom left of the photograph. On the back of the photograph is the name and telephone number of the donor (handwritten in black ball point pen) and the names of the three steamships and date written in uppercase letters in dark blue ink. There is a four-figure number stamped in the centre of the back.Front - "CHUCK-PHOTO" Back - Name of donor and telephone number "6944" "JULIA PERCY, DAWN & KOORONG(?) IN LADY BAY 1885"flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, great ocean road, fred trewartha, s. s. julia percy, s. s. dawn, s. s. nelson, s. s. casino, leeuwin, steamer, steamship, coastal trader, warrnambool steam packet company, captain chapman, victorian steam navigation board, western steam navigation company, melbourne steamship company, william howard smith and sons, portland and belfast steam navigation company, w howard smith and sons ltd, eric the red, captain jones, medal of bravery, rescue, moyne river, warrnambool breakwater, lady bay, s. s. coorong, mount gambier steamship company, black watch, thomas foster chuck, chuck photos, chuck photography

This medal for bravery, for rescue of the crew from the shipwreck “Eric the Red” on 4th September 1880, was awarded to one of the crew of the steamer S.S. Dawn by the President of the United States in July 1881. The medal is engraved with the name “Nelson Johnson” (the anglicised version of his Swedish name Neils Frederick Yohnson). It was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in 2013 by Nelson’s granddaughter. Nelson had migrated from Sweden to Sydney in 1879. The next year in 1880, aged 24, he was a seaman on the steamship Dawn and involved in the rescue of the survivors of the Eric the Red. Nelson Johnson was a crew member of the S.S. Dawn and was one of the rescue team in the dinghy in the early morning of September 4th 1880. Medals were awarded to the Captain and crew of the S.S. Dawn by the President of the United States, through the Consul-general (Mr Oliver M. Spencer), in July 1881 “ … in recognition of their humane efforts in rescuing the 23 survivors of the American built wooden sailing ship, the Eric the Red, on 4th September 1880.” The men were also presented with substantial monetary rewards and gifts. The city of Warrnambool’s care of the survivors was also mentioned by the President at the presentation, saying that “the city hosted and supported the crew ‘most graciously’. Previously, a week after the shipwreck, the Australian Government had also conveyed its thanks to the Captain and crew of the S.S. Dawn “Captain Griffith Jones, S.S. Dawn, The Hon. Mr Clark desires that the thanks of the Government should be conveyed to you for the prompt, persevering and seamanlike qualities displayed by you, your officers and crew in saving the number of lives you did on the occasion referred to. The hon. The Commissioner has also been pleased to award you a souvenir in commemoration of the occasion, and a sum of 65 pounds to be awarded to your officers and crew according to annexed scale. I am, &c, W Collins Rees, for and in the absence of the Chief Harbour Master.” The Awards are as follows: - Crew of DAWN'S lifeboat-Chief Officer, Mr G. Peat, 15 pounds; boat's crew-G. Sterge, A.B., 5 pounds; T. Hammond, A.B., 5 pounds; J. Black, A.B., 5 pounds; H. Edwards, A.B., 5 pounds. Dinghy's Crew-Second Officer, Mr Christie, 10 pounds; boat's crew -F. Lafer, A.B., 5 pounds; W. Johnstone, A.B., 5 pounds; Mr Lear, provedore, 5 pounds; Mr Dove, purser, 5 pounds. Captain Jones receives a piece of plate. (from “Wreck of the ship Eric the Red” by Jack Loney) The medal’s history, according to the Editor of ‘E-Sylum’ (the newsletter of The Numismatic Bibliomania Society “… appears to be an example of an 1880 State Department medal, catalogued as LS-3 (page 322 of R. W. Julian's book, Medals of the United States Mint: The First Century 1792-1892). The reverse is mostly blank for engraving, surrounded by a thin wreath. It was designed by George Morgan, chief engraver for the Philadelphia Mint, and struck in gold, silver and bronze. The one pictured here (in The Standard newspaper, 2nd July 2013) appears to be silver.” The following is an account of the events which led to the awarding of this medal. The American ship Eric the Red was a wooden, three-masted clipper ship. She had 1,580 tons register and was the largest full-rigged ship built at Bath, Maine, USA in 1871. She was built and registered by Arthur Sewall, later to become the partnership E. & A. Sewall, the 51st ship built by this company. The annually-published List of Merchant Vessels of the U.S. shows Bath was still the home port of Eric the Red in 1880. The vessel was named after the Viking discoverer, Eric ‘the Red-haired’ Thorvaldsson, who was the first European to reach the shores of North America (in 980AD). The ship Eric the Red at first traded in coal between America and Britain, and later traded in guano nitrates from South America. In 1879 she was re-metalled and was in first-class condition. On 10th June 1880 (some records say 12th June) Eric the Red departed New York for Melbourne and then Sydney. She had been commissioned by American trade representatives to carry a special cargo of 500 exhibits (1400 tons) – about a quarter to a third of America’s total exhibits - for the U.S.A. pavilion at Melbourne’s first International Exhibition. The exhibits included furniture, ironmongery, wines, chemicals, dental and surgical instruments, paper, cages, bronze lamp trimmings, axles, stamped ware, astronomical and time globes, samples of corn and the choicest of leaf tobacco. Other general cargo included merchandise such as cases of kerosene and turpentine, brooms, Bristol's Sarsaparilla, Wheeler and Wilson sewing machines, Wheeler’s thresher machine, axe handles and tools, cases of silver plate, toys, pianos and organs, carriages and Yankee notions. The Eric the Red left New York under the command of Captain Zaccheus Allen (or some records say Captain Jacques Allen) and 24 other crew including the owner’s son third mate Ned Sewall. There were also 2 saloon passengers on board. The ship had been sailing for an uneventful 85 days and the voyage was almost at its end. As Eric the Red approached Cape Otway there was a moderate north-west wind and a hazy and overcast atmosphere. On 4th September 1880 at about 1:30 am Captain Allen sighted the Cape Otway light and was keeping the ship 5-6 miles offshore to stay clear of the hazardous Otway Reef. However, he had badly misjudged his position. The ship hit the Otway Reef about 2 miles out to sea, southwest of the Cape Otway light station. Captain Allen ordered the wheel to be put ‘hard up’ thinking that she might float off the reef. The sea knocked the helmsman away from the wheel, broke the wheel ropes and carried away the rudder. The lifeboats were swamped, the mizzenmast fell, with all of its riggings, then the mainmast also fell and the ship broke in two. Some said that the passenger Vaughan, who was travelling for his health and not very strong, was washed overboard and never seen again. The ship started breaking up. The forward house came adrift with three of the crew on it as well as a longboat, which the men succeeded in launching and keeping afloat by continually bailing with their sea boots. The captain, the third mate (the owner’s son) and others clung to the mizzenmast in the sea. Then the owner’s son was washed away off the mast. Within 10 minutes the rest of the ship was in pieces, completely wrecked, with cargo and wreckage floating in the sea. The captain encouraged the second mate to swim with him to the deckhouse where there were other crew but the second mate wouldn’t go with him. Eventually, the Captain made it to the deckhouse and the men pulled him up. At about 4:30 am the group of men on the deckhouse saw the lights of a steamer and called for help. At the same time, they noticed the second mate and the other man had drifted nearby, still on the spur, and pulled them both onto the wreck. The coastal steamer SS Dawn was returning to Warrnambool from Melbourne, and its sailing time was different to its usual schedule. She was built in 1876 and bought by the Portland and Belfast Steam Navigation Co. in 1877. At the time of this journey, she was commanded by Captain Jones and was sailing between Melbourne and Portland via Warrnambool. The provedore the Dawn, Benjamin Lear, heard cries of distress coming through the portholes of the saloon. He gave the alarm and the engines were stopped. Cries could be heard clearly, coming from the land. Captain Jones sent out crew in two boats and fired off rockets and blue lights to illuminate the area. They picked up the three survivors who were in the long boat from Eric the Red. Two men were picked up out of the water, one being the owner’s son who was clinging to floating kerosene boxes. At daylight, the Dawn then rescued the 18 men from the floating portion of the deckhouse, which had drifted about 4 miles from where they’d struck the reef. Shortly after the rescue the deckhouse drifted onto breakers and was thrown onto rocks at Point Franklin, about 2 miles east of Cape Otway. Captain Jones had signalled to Cape Otway lighthouse the number of the Eric the Red and later signalled that there was a wreck at Otway Reef but there was no response from the lighthouse. The captain and crew of the Dawn spent several more hours searching unsuccessfully for more survivors, even going back as far as Apollo Bay. On board the Dawn the exhausted men received care and attention to their needs and wants, including much-needed clothing. Captain Allen was amongst the 23 battered and injured men who were rescued and later taken to Warrnambool for care. Warrnambool’s mayor and town clerk offered them all hospitality, the three badly injured men going to the hospital for care and others to the Olive Branch Hotel, then on to Melbourne. Captain Allen’s leg injury prevented him from going ashore so he and three other men travelled on the Dawn to Portland. They were met by the mayor who also treated them all with great kindness. Captain Allen took the train back to Melbourne then returned to America. Those saved were Captain Zaccheus Allen (or Jacques Allen), J. Darcy chief mate, James F. Lawrence second mate, Ned Sewall third mate and owner’s son, John French the cook, C. Nelson sail maker, Clarence W. New passenger, and able seamen Dickenson, J. Black, Denis White, C. Herbert, C. Thompson, A. Brooks, D. Wilson, J. Ellis, Q. Thompson, C. Newman, W. Paul, J. Davis, M. Horenleng, J. Ogduff, T. W. Drew, R. Richardson. Four men had lost their lives; three of them were crew (Gus Dahlgreen ship’s carpenter, H. Ackman steward, who drowned in his cabin, and George Silver seaman) and one a passenger (J. B. Vaughan). The body of one of them had been found washed up at Cape Otway and was later buried in the lighthouse cemetery; another body was seen on an inaccessible ledge. Twelve months later the second mate James F. Lawrence, from Nova Scotia passed away in the Warrnambool district; an obituary was displayed in the local paper. Neither the ship nor its cargo was insured. The ship was worth about £15,000 and the cargo was reportedly worth £40,000; only about £2,000 worth had been recovered. Cargo and wreckage washed up at Apollo Bay, Peterborough, Port Campbell, Western Port and according to some reports, even as far away as the beaches of New Zealand. The day after the wreck the government steamship Pharos was sent from Queenscliff to clear the shipping lanes of debris that could be a danger to ships. The large midship deckhouse of the ship was found floating in a calm sea near Henty Reef. Items such as an American chair, a ladder and a nest of boxes were all on top of the deckhouse. As it was so large and could cause danger to passing ships, Captain Payne had the deckhouse towed towards the shore just beyond Apollo Bay. Between Apollo Bay and Blanket Bay, the captain and crew of Pharos collected Wheeler and Wilson sewing machines, nests of boxes, bottles of Bristol’s sarsaparilla, pieces of common American chairs, axe handles, a Wheelers’ Patent thresher and a sailor’s trunk with the words “A. James” on the front. A ship’s flag-board bearing the words “Eric the Red” was found on the deckhouse; finally, those on board the Pharos had the name of the wrecked vessel. During this operation, Pharos came across the government steamer Victoria and also a steamer S.S. Otway, both of which were picking up flotsam and wreckage. A whole side of the hull and three large pieces of the other side of the hull, with some of the copper sheathing stripped off, had floated onto Point Franklin. Some of the vessels' yards and portions of her masts were on shore. The pieces of canvas attached to the yards and masts confirmed that the vessel had been under sail. The beach there was piled with debris several feet high. There were many cases of Diamond Oil kerosene, labelled R. W. Cameron and Company, New York. There were also many large planks of red pine, portions of a small white boat and a large, well-used oar. Other items found ashore included sewing machines (some consigned to ‘Long and Co.”) and notions, axe and scythe handles, hay forks, wooden pegs, rolls of wire (some branded “T.S” and Co, Melbourne”), kegs of nails branded “A.T. and Co.” from the factory of A. Field and Son, Taunton, Massachusetts, croquet balls and mallets, buggy fittings, rat traps, perfumery, cutlery and Douay Bibles, clocks, bicycles, chairs, a fly wheel, a cooking stove, timber, boxes, pianos, organs and a ladder. (Wooden clothes pegs drifted in for many years). There seemed to be no personal luggage or clothing. The Pharos encountered a long line, about one and a half miles, of f locating wreckage about 10 miles off land, southeast of Cape Otway, and in some places about 40 feet wide. It seemed that more than half of it was from Eric the Red. The ship’s crew rescued 3 cases that were for the Melbourne Exhibition and other items from amongst the debris. There were also chairs, doors, musical instruments, washing boards, nests of trunks and flycatchers floating in the sea. Most of the goods were saturated and smelt of kerosene. A section of the hull lies buried in the sand at Parker River Beach. An anchor with a chain is embedded in the rocks east of Point Franklin and a second anchor, thought to be from Eric the Red, is on display at the Cape Otway light station. (There is a photograph of a life belt on the verandah of Rivernook Guest House in Princetown with the words “ERIC THE RED / BOSTON”. This is rather a mystery as the ship was registered in Bath, Maine, USA.) Parts of the ship are on display at Bimbi Park Caravan Park and at Apollo Bay Museum. Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village also has part of the helm (steering wheel), a carved wooden sword (said to be the only remaining portion of the ship’s figurehead; further research is currently being carried out), a door, a metal rod, samples of wood and this medal awarded for the rescue of the crew. Much of the wreckage was recovered by the local residents before police and other authorities arrived at the scene. Looters went to great effort to salvage goods, being lowered down the high cliff faces to areas with little or no beach to collect items from the wreckage, their mates above watching out for dangerous waves. A Tasmanian newspaper reports on a court case in Stawell, Victoria, noting a man who was caught 2 months later selling tobacco from the wreckage of Eric the Red. Some of the silverware is still treasured by descendants of Mr Mackenzie who was given these items by officials for his help in securing the cargo. The gifts included silver coffee and teapots, half a dozen silver serviette rings and two sewing machines. A Mr G.W. Black has in his possession a medal and a purse that was awarded to his father, another Dawn crew member who was part of the rescue team. The medal is similarly inscribed and named “To John Black ….” (from “Shipwrecks” by Margaret E. Mackenzie, 3rd edition, published 1964). The wreck and cargo were sold to a Melbourne man who salvaged a quantity of high-quality tobacco and dental and surgical instruments. Timbers from the ship were salvaged and used in the construction of houses and shed around Apollo Bay, including a guest house, Milford House (since burnt down in bushfires), which had furniture, fittings and timber on the dining room floor from the ship. A 39.7-foot-long trading ketch, the Apollo, was also built from its timbers by Mr Burgess in 1883 and subsequently used in Tasmanian waters. It was the first attempt at shipbuilding in Apollo Bay. In 1881 a red light was installed about 300 feet above sea level at the base of the Cape Otway lighthouse to warn ships when they were too close to shore; It would not be visible unless a ship came within 3 miles from it. This has proved to be an effective warning. Nelson Johnson married Elizabeth Howard in 1881 and they had 10 children, the father of the medal’s donor being the youngest. They lived in 13 Tichbourne Place, South Melbourne, Victoria. Nelson died in 1922 in Fitzroy Victoria, age 66. In 1895 the owners of the S.S. Dawn, the Portland and Belfast Steam Navigation Co., wound up and sold out to the Belfast Company who took over the Dawn for one year before selling her to Howard Smith. She was condemned and sunk in Suva in 1928. The State Library of Victoria has a lithograph in its collection depicting the steamer Dawn and the shipwrecked men, titled. "Wreck of the ship Eric the Red, Cape Otway: rescue of the crew by the Dawn". The medal for bravery is associated with the ship the “The Eric the Red which is historically significant as one of Victoria's major 19th century shipwrecks. (Heritage Victoria Eric the Red; HV ID 239) The wreck led to the provision of an additional warning light placed below the Cape Otway lighthouse to alert mariners to the location of Otway Reef. The site is archaeologically significant for its remains of a large and varied cargo and ship's fittings being scattered over a wide area. The site is recreationally and aesthetically significant as it is one of the few sites along this coast where tourists can visit identifiable remains of a large wooden shipwreck, and for its location set against the background of Cape Otway, Bass Strait, and the Cape Otway lighthouse.“ (Victorian Heritage Database Registration Number S239, Official Number 8745 USA) This medal was awarded to Nelson Johnson by the U.S. President for bravery in the rescue of the Eric the Red crew. The obverse of the round, solid silver medal has an inscription around the rim. In the centre of the medal is the head of Liberty to the left, hair in a bun, with a sprig of leaves in the top left of a band around her head. There is a 6-pointed star below the portrait, between the start and end of the inscription. There are two raised areas on the rim, horizontally opposite each other, from the edge to just below the lettering and coinciding with the holes drilled in the edge. Slightly right of the top is a round indentation in the rim. The reverse has a wreath of leaves as a border, joined at the bottom by a ribbon bow. In the centre of the medal is an inscription, decorated with 3-pronged design and dots. The edge is plain with 2 small, rough and uneven holes horizontally opposite to each other, as though they had been used for mounting the medal at some stage. The medal has a matte finish on both sides and is slightly pitted and scratched.“PRESENTED BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES” around the perimeter of the obverse of the medal. “TO / Nelson Johnson, / seaman of the British, / str “Dawn”, for bravery, / at risk of life, / in / rescuing the crew of / the American Ship / “Eric the Red.” “M” on obverse, truncation of the portraitwarrnambool, flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, eric the red, zaccheus allen, sewall, 1880, melbourne exhibition, cape otway, otway reef, victorian shipwreck, medal, nelson johnson, neils frederick yohnson, s.s. dawn, george morgan, hero

The St. Albans High School opened in 1956 and changed its name to St. Albans Secondary College in 19905527.01 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 7-1.jpg Back Row: Andrew Morphou, Michaek Rajek, Tom Koutsivos, Silvester Sodig, Jude Azzopardi, Ricky Mabic, Shaun Mizis Middle Row: Alistair Brian, Tania Ac, Louie Markovski, Marco Balderrama, Oliver Leopold Seated: Zeljka Loncaric, Barbara Loncaris, Dorothy Petkoff, Susie Dimovsko, Miss. Dubarry, Sinezana Hovancek, Bozica Pavlovic, Sonia Ceresoni Absent: Ante Filipovic, Sandra Aquilina, Susanne Todorovska, Maria Grivas, Taso Dimitrokokis 5527.02 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 7-2.jpg Back Row: Chris Romanus, Harold Tsakmaklis, Jane Cefai, Greta Spis, Zdenka Zajc, Robin Dordevic, Faye Lundberg Middle Row: Frances Venner, Fiona Munro, Leanne Borg, Mira Barun, Carmen Vella, Allison Carlton Seated: Cheryl Camilleri, Rosemary Bugeja, Nick Danoucaras, Peter Razbocan, Ms. Dubarry, Lorraine Mallia, Deborah Wilkie, Charlotte Bonici Absent: Karen Galea, Jim Pimpilidis, Betty Vangelovski, Edita Winter 5527.03 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 7-3.jpg Back Row: David Galea, Joseph Sultana, Tony Velyanovski, Harry Spiliotopoulos, Jamie, Watkinson, Markus Lanzendoerfer, Russell Goodman Middle Row: Jane Malkiewlcz, Keti Karovic, Maria Vuletic, Leanne Stephens, Lariss Collins, Tina Kacunic, Christine Spiteri Seated: Nevenka Micic, Judy Schober, Pauline Freeburn, Nilgun Seliba, Maria Misic, Amanda Duffy, Julie Pearce Absent: Maree Wreathman 5527.04 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 7-4.jpg Back Row: Michael Vasico, Athanastios Mirtsopoulos, Paul Contos, Jano Mego, Antonio Gilio, Osmond Callanan, Mustafe Hussein, Darren Beilby Middle Row: Scott Tassell, Angelo Scifo, Simela Karasavdis, Barbara Janosik, Cathy Kouscevic, Joza Krolo, Nicole Edwards, Samua Oudy Seated: Gina Apostolou, Vesna Baukovic, Maria Lesar, Tanya Stoyanovic, Debbie Gamer, Josephine Galea, Linda Tefouska Absent: Robert Hrestak 5527.05 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 7-5.jpg Back Row: Zelko Milic, Richard Scerri, Emil Lenc, Paul Zawadko, Zelko Hrga, Robert Magy, Adam Schwab, Stephen Codri Middle Row: Christine Mallia, Eileen McGregor, Sharon Swain, Michelle Palakszt, Julie Bottomley, Arthur Souvitslis Seated: Melina Oliver, Stella Dubravac, Fiona Zeegers, Mr. Mundy, Lily Sumigo, Mojda Drojenik, Susie Aced Conde Absent: Hasan Ihiz, Christine Sterlik, Tanya Bartolo, Tatjana Cufer, Zdenka Cufer 5527.06 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 7-6.jpg Back Row: Gulspka Dimcevska, Lillian Vella, Karen Lincker, Bruno Defreitas, Silvio Scheavi, Dino Yannakou, Frank Papanastasatos, Susic Tadic Middle Row: Sonia Petrovski, Tammy Wojcik, Andrew Pavlides, Vlado Perkovic, Mirko Viviv, David Cox, Olga Namtsou, Spasenija Rajkovaca, Annette Czarnecki Seated: Vera Accvska, Vesna Accvska, Carmel Gower, Ms. Spatsro, Lynette Van Arkel, Carmen Schembri, Snezana Kralic Absent: Josephine Camilleri 5527.07 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 7-7.jpg Back Row: Agron Bibay, Tania Attard, Martin Micallef, Jim Tsironis, Michael Elliot, Josip Budimir, Karen Reiger, Nick Sarris Middle Row: Christine Stylli, Hans Wabel, Anna Gabelica, Frank Rajkovic, Donjo Tasevski, Mark Sturmar, Josette Camilleri, Layda Doday Seated: Christine Mamo, Anna Louise Eichhorn, Helen Zachariou, Miss. Denison, Maria Bibas, Eva Boehm, Manday Jergovic Absent: Kathy Scibberas, Tom Galea 5527.08 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 7-8.jpg Back Row: Pauline Dimauita, Katarina Kolek, Thomas Havran, Zane Hema, Anton Duvnjak, Darko Dobrovsak, Sunday Alpaslan, Laurelle Cartledge Middle Row: Sophia Marchindam Monica Fordham, Elizabeth Rubino, Suzie Cuze, Mina Pastorc, Sonja Ivanovska, Denis Tedesco Seated: Sandra Vella, Athena Soloppotas, Lulli Balh, Helen Bouzas, Mr. Tarr, Diane Cutajar, Tina Brasalin, Zana Begacinoska, Tina Papageorgiou Absent: Vivienne Barbie, Fabrice Bocsch 5527.09 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 8-1.jpg Back Row: Stan Philp. Robert Misic, John Tintor, Tom Savic, Steven Savic, Gary Ponsold, Tony Lesar Middle Row: Louisa Kustura, Lisa Gugala, Tracey Stephens, Frida Ghiouros Seated: Michelle Hargraves, Faye Kyrou, Mahican Sumercan, Mr. Myers, Snezano Tadic, Pamela Johnson, Michelle Desira Absent: Margaret Bunioski, Anglea Depis, Andrew Kolberg, Vicky Stagno 5527.10 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 8-2.jpg Back Row: Giao Doan-Huy, Steven Major, Darko Vidmar, Domenic Romeo, David Craig, Jeff Mill, Stephen Grech, Jon Kambouropoulos Middle Row: Gordon Alincic, Violetta Gorglevska, lili Jonel, Natasha Kuzmanovic, Sharon Merritt, Lidia Mago, Katherine Vella Seated: Sharon Hansen, Julia Farrugia, Kerry Dordevic, Mr. Baber, Sue Angelevska, Marlene Fench, Sharon Sammut Absent: Milan Pekic, Eddie Farrugia 5527.11 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 8-3.jpg Back Row: Michael Witowski, Michael Defreitas, George Grigoriadis, Zlatko Jusup, Jim Apostolou, Peter Seychell Middle Row: Dianna Seisun, Rulla Tabban, Anna Janosik, Maria Papadopoulos, Jasenka Kalenik, Antoinette Debrincat, Lorraine Johnstone Seated: Anna Power, Milla Urban, Julie-Ann Taylor-Eggert, Ms. F. Thau, Tania Farrugia, Karen Hajduk, Anastasia Belehris Absent: Maggie Bartolo, Devina George, Daniyella Mijailovic, Steven Sistov 5527.12 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 8-4.jpg Back Row: Marcelo Rey, Sean McManus, George Bouliopoulos, Paul Crossley, Frank Todero, Con Stefanides, Shane Dunn, Baskel Sammut Middle Row: John Karasividis, Robert Kuc, Veronika Vasjuto, Hassen Chaouk Seated: Sandra Moakes, Vivene Sant, Angela Pepastergiou, Mr. Condello, Diana Loman, Vicki Skrepetis, Lydia Vika Absent: Samantha Perino, Tina Marrichiolo, Peter O'Garey, Theresa Aguilina, Susan Boreham, Rachell Bugg, Zaklina Latomanska 5527.13 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 8-5.jpg Back Row: Mirjana Tomac, Ivan Kacunik, Ivan Jusup, Nick Rajic, Slavko Kovacik, Slajan Ilic, Snezana Arbanas Middle Row: Marina Ulakovic, Sonia Maltaric, Paula Rigby, Julie Cross, Nicolene Duyker Seated: Mary Vella, Elizabeth Markovski, Soula Ghaitidis, Kim Oaly, Biliana Momcilovic, Cindy Zurowski, Sharon Deguara Absent: Rosa Bibay, Karen Borzer, John Klaic, Paul Schrape 5527.14 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 8-6.jpg Back Row: Daryl Andrews, Frank Spiteri, Robert Kalmar, Jason Wapling, Anthony Craus, Chris Golerzos, Sasha Mickic, Robert Gelder, Peter Bransperger Middle Row: Georgia Snieders, Poppy Gamitas, Slavica Dimcevska Seated: Susan Repinnet, Anna Romagnoli, Asma Chaouk, Mr. Baber, Sharon Watson, Leanne Cosgrove, Betta Grujovska Absent: Marina Klobas 5527.15 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 8-7.jpg Back Row: Patrick Azzopardi, Peter Tourountzis, Mica Rakonjac, Arthur Katselos, Peter Paney, George Dordevic, Brian Balzan Middle Row: Tracey Parsons, Sharon Zammit, Susan Camilleri Seated: Maria Kyratsis, Blazenka Pavlovic, Rosa Verescuk, Janice Barker, Voula Sbounias, Rosa del Casale, Helen Sensyn Absent: Veronika Avzin, Bruce Jackson, Clare Stapleton, Chris Bouthier 5527.16 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 8-8.jpg Back Row: Kathy Aquilina, Stacey koutroupis, Trang Tran, Venecio Kos, Ivan Polidano, Alice Cormick, Tanya Kovscevic, Mark Bugejs Seated: Jim Kafanelis, Mary Gauci, Kim McManus, Lidija Dimovska, Anna Rejkovaca, Linda Megna, Pauline Buttigieg Absent: Luisa Castellano, Sudo Cavkic, Carmen Curmi, Mary Spatari, Con Lagas, Maria Kotvas 5527.17 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 9-1.jpg Back Row: Michael Damoulakis, Nuge Nedim, Catherine Turner, Vicky Pavlicic, Ivan Verescuk, Sharon Wilkie, Andrea Stylli, Vesna Lomen Middle Row: Zineta Kapetanovic, Monica Koller, George Labbard, Frank Dimitrakakis, Rebecca Minou, Theoni Mitsarakis Seated: Susan Novak, Colleen Collins, Frances Cini, Mrs. Cunningham, Leonnie Dunn, Tsalime Ipek, Kerri Harvey Absent: Gavin Cross 5527.18 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 9-2.jpg Back Row: Martes Debona, Katherine Gontscharow, Andrey Dodaj, Christos Mirtsopoulos, Aki Missios, Mendo Kotevski, Richard Schaffer Middle Row: Anna Mikropoulos, Franca Romeo, Vera Gabelica, Jodie Perris, Wendy Delaney, Maria Horvat Seated: Blazenka Ciberlin, Carol Freeburn, Niki Valkanis, Debbie Thorpe, Angelia Dagianois, Andrea Freeman, Mariela Paz 5527.19 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 9-3.jpg Back Row: Mario Zmegiac, Daniel Brevnik, Chris Dziedzia, Frank Grcic, Duyo Anic, Martin Grannas, Paras Katsafados, Marcos Paolinos Middle Row: Vasilios, Gregory Thorpe Seated: Helen Papadimitrou, Gracie Gambin, Kathy Wrethman, Vicky Tzouhalas, Patricia Pavelic, Jennifer Silk, Rhonda White Absent: Caroline Aquilina, Dianne Borg, Jozica Kutin, Tanya Novosel, Anton Kustura, Andrew Toumpakke 5527.20 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 9-4.jpg Back Row: Carolyn Megna, Rade Delic, Fotios Alexopoulos, Steven Goodman, Paul Galbo, Angelo Kolak, Adele Cartledge Middle Row: Sharon Cini, Maree Brand, Shenine Edwards, Antoinette Vella, Julie Leimiehner, Deborah Honey, Lydia Ropar, Cindy Cavkis Seated: Selena Heaton, Sylvia Cefai, Diane Galea, Jenny Bubevich, Connie Cachia, Carol Aquilana, Pana Belehris Absent: Debra Lynd, Mera Micetic, Georgia Padela, Susan Grima 5527.21 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 9-5.jpg Back Row: Ester Veynovich, Anna Verescuk, Michael Korbut, Zdravko Kustura, Martin Vasica, Yoska Loncar, Nick Malarmas, Robert Tassell Middle Row: Susan Wojcik, Judy Allan, Alvena Cotter, Marie Sivec, Sofia Petkoff, Jenny Kondic, Vesna Addelkovic, Olina Adamek, Mara Klinko Seated: Jenny Farrugia, Jackie Mobbs, Janice Thomas, Mr. Ravenhall, Sharlene Carson, Maria Srblin, Emica Vukovic Absent: Tonia Daskaloff, Mary Korzenievask 5527.22 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 9-6.jpg Back Row: Max Gazzola, Joe Scerri, Milan Samanovic, Remo Delli Pizzi, Peter Delic, Pari Varnvakis Seated: Loukas Koutsiofis, Violetta Momcilovic, Nicoletta Papadopoulos, Maria Kissil, Doris Mallia, Colin Pike, Nicholas Koutras Absent: Nada Gavrilovic, Anne Buttigieg, Rita Cutajar, Mato Bulic, Dominic Borg, Terry Barbie, Raymond Darmanin, Leanne Lundberg Julie Peat 5527.23 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 9-7.jpg Back Row: Con Psihogios, Michael Dungina, Alan Sturmar, Damien Vunderl, Zeiko Venhardt, Paul Stidic, Nick Propadalo, George Cleanthous Middle Row: Drazen Loncaric, Steven Galea, Michelle Thornton, Coralie Grant, Elke Schwanita, Julie cook Seated: Erica Stovic, Due Bourotzis, Sandra Morris, Agathy Constantinou, Andrea Papageorgiou, Ann Harris, Despina Tsivgadellis Absent: Dominid Florenza, Darko Bobos 5527.24 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 9-8.jpg Back Row: Steven Grujovski, Michael Polizzi, Michael Cubela, Joseph Fenech, Stephen Scalzo, Elvedin Corhodzic, Rustem Bala, Tade Krolo, Zoran Grujovski Middle Row: Anna Colasante, Helen Christospoulos, Lynette Sudulic, Jedda Snieders, Sue Bijelic, Anne Havran Seated: Lorraine Mitchell, Antoinette Debrincat, Julie Skinner, Miss. Thau, Carol Camilleri, Mara Catalina, Diane Camilleri Absent: Juergen Kuehr, John A'Agatt 5527.25 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 10-21.jpg Back Row: Carmel Azzopardi, Brigitte Mago, Andrew Belzan, John Jovic, Steven Nedelkov, Tuncay Alpansan, Con Sarris, Tracey Caltichio Middle Row: Vesna Korpak, Carolyn Dower, Kathy Danoucaras, michelle Lloyd-Jones, Toni Romeo, Lisa Hopkinson, Rose Smoljko, Sophie Stefanidis, Anne Cassar Seated: Janet Andrews, Kathy Dagiandis, Barbara Sylvestrak, Stella Tsironis, ? Dowlsey, Leonie Dordevic, Sharon Farrugia, Susan Gibbs, Marion Garofolo Absent: Mark Ciric, Tony Matuszak, Anthony Tartaglia, George Kafanelis, Evelyn Farrugia 5527.26 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 10-22.jpg Back Row: Steven Zerafa, Sam Liassos, Boz Stipic, Mladen Janhovic, Bartolo Biviano, Tom Gojevic, Zoran Cvetanovski, John Forte Middle Row: Tina Maheras, Karen Perry, Gordana Jusup, Vera Kilakouski, Helen Fristrovic, Leanne Borg, Tracey Brian, Billy Farrugia, Kevin Cutajar Seated: Donna Harvey, Susan Kakol, Kathy Kokkinos, Sonia Maver, Kathy Carusana, Maree Gilham, Magda Diakekis Absent: Richard Caval, Peter Fenech, Anthony Galcin, Kenneth McAllister, Ingrid Marshall 5527.27 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 10-23.jpg Back Row: Robert Hunter, Paul Beranic, Ricky Moscatis, Dario Lazaric, Ronald Grampe, Aron Bensi, Thomas Korlevski, Andrew Brooks Middle Row: Paul Pavlidos, Zani Besim, Andjelko Sajn, Tom Thomson, Mario Attard, John Fenech Seated: Sharon Thorpe, Linda Toic, Donna Swain, Mr, Sinclair, Sandra Miljavec, Yotta Anagnostopoulos, Heidi Wimmer Absent: Viatko Vasica, Maree Sterlik, Jim Panoutsopooulous, Karl Mega, Robert Lulic, Chris Kolberg 5527.28 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 10-24.jpg Back Row: Bobby Krajinovic, Barry Philp, Freddy Furrugia, Oliver Gerick, David Lohmen, Frank Sertic, Joe Bilic, Robert Dominko, Eric Hein, Stravros Blasis Middle Row: Slavko Verescue, Kenny Gallanan, Darren Jackson, Olga Tonic, Ivan Marnic, Roy Hunter Seated: Bridget Stapleton, Sandra Maguire, Suzy Maltaric, June Flaherty, Dimitra, Mitsarakis, Clara De Freitas, Sandra Ebeyer Absent: Hudec Joseph, Leanne Kalwig, Linda Norris 5527.29 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 10-25.jpg Back Row: Edward Aquilina, Joe Meroica, Nick Kotevski, Danny Todero, Ivan Rakonic, John Sipple, Shane Braszell, Jim Georgiou, Slatko Jovanovski Middle Row: Pam Bouzas, Thuy Van Doan Huy, Shirley Oldenhus, Svetland Mijailovic, Drina Curic, Halina Lacinski, Vicki Delaney, Leanne Vosilaitis Seated: Anna Gentile, Maree Bugg, Dianne Seychell, Effie Mbekiasris, Mrs. Backa, Neriman Kalinkara, Lisa Centin, Lily Zajc, Katerina Konstantios 5527.30 - St. Albans High School Year 1981 10-26.jpg Back Row: Nada Brbot, Ximena Garrido, Svetlana Lomen, Suzie Baligac, Mendo Geogiou, Mary Scerri, Kay Tsakmaklis, Josette Baldechino Seated: Ruth Mahon, Sally Vukovic, Valentina Pasoska, Sofia Alexopoulos, Pang Dakaloff, Jeanette Unsworth, Josephine Zammit 5527.31 - St. Albans High School Year 1981 10-27.jpg Back Row: Spiro Vagias, Giorgio Romagnoli, Neil Passe, Rodney Brown, Tarry Mesinocis, Zoran Sajinovic, Peter Eliot, Zelko Sumic Middle Row: Derek Cutajar, Douglas Van Arkel, Steven Bramucci, Ratka Markovska, Sylvia Katselos, Lilly Savic, Jenny Petrovic, Nick Vagies, Sevdet Besimovski, Angelo Papanastasatos Seated: Mariella Uran, Vicky Serdaris, Rosanna Sabo, Mr. Trainou, Suzy Duvcevski, Gulcen Bicer, Angela Pavlovic 5527.32 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 10-28.jpg Back Row: Sandra Mobbs, Brigitte Arndt, Ramona Apinis, Lily Kovacevic, Moja Blatnik, Binsen Irek, Sandra Cossai, Kiro Mirceski Middle Row: Petra Moravek, Ljihana Bulic, Sonia Gabtshik, Annettee Farrugia, Branko Acimovic, Doris Haerer, Suzy Bell, Stella Petrides Seated: Rose Marie Spiteri, Debra Briggs, Pat Zammit, Miss, Leoni McGannon, Dorothy Papastratis, Tina Soumbasis, Cecilia Varas Absent: Katica Kosorog, Lidya Worona, Savas Ikis, Robert Plesse, Ruth Azzopardi 5527.33 - St. Albans High School 3981 Year 11-1.jpg No Names 5527.34 - St. Albans High School 1981 11-2.jpg Seated: Merv Monty, Darren Gravatt, Judy Eichorn, George Miljavec, Zdravko Avzin 5527.35 - St. Albans High School 1981 11-3.jpg Back Row: Wendy Urizio, Branka Posavac, Grace Scifo Seated: Ray Mizzi, Anthony Olinga, George Vella, Mladen Pufek, Carl Sneiders 5527.36 - St. Albans High School 1981 11-4.jpg Back Row: Andrew Tsaldaris, Lupco Jovanovski, Anna Vukovic, Maria ?, Joanne Bajada, Hugh Autic Seated: Marcelle Scinto, Angela Scifo, Helen Pavicic, Diane Camilleri, Carol Sant, Julie Gianette, Lynette Dewer 5527.37 - St. Albans High School 1981 11-5.jpg Back Row: Effi Soumbassis, Anna Greganic, Diane Neski, Penny Georgiou, Kieth Goodwin, Anastasia Vassilopoulos, Maria Pandali Middle Row: Oinos Georgiou, George Anagnastopoulos, Boris Troselg, George Kafantais, Ian Balzan Seated: Solange Labbad, Rosie Scrigna, Vesna Gorgievska, Mrs. Huckle, Maryanne Szanto, Carmen Vella, Mirriam Naim 5527.38 - St. Albans High School 1981 11-6.jpg Back Row: Iris Kos, Yasna Paulekovic, Flavia Mitsud, Wendy O'Shea, Nick Louloudakis, Biserka Gec Middle Row: Karyn Brash, Omer Ricer, Steven Galea, Nada Knezevis Seated: Jackie Appleby, Jeanette Apap, Vera Duvcevski, Alessa Conlon, Rose Galea, Gillian Iies, Gina Kanastas 5527.39 - St. Albans High School 1981 11-7.jpg Back Row: Anna Tkalcevic, Grg Vanarkel, Peggy Raitchevitch Seated: Val Stoilkovska, Rula Tsimiklis, Elizabeth Zazac, Curt Marshall, Leah Young, Eleitsa Stamatopoulos, Nicholette Valavanis 5527.40 - St. Albans High School 1981 11-8.jpg Back Row: Angie Kuutras, Sam Sartzetakis, Branko Kezerle Seated: Nada Rhukovic, Sumil Prasad, Wendy Allan, Dietmar Schaeffner, Con Bouroutzis, Denise Gatt, Lily Tomas 5527.41 - St. Albans High School 1981 Year 12.jpg No Namesst. albans high school, main road east, st. albans