Showing 176 items
matching revolutions
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Moorabbin Air Museum
Pamphlet (Item) - Wright Revolutions Tool Sharpening
... Wright Revolutions Tool Sharpening. ... -
Alfred Hospital Nurses League - Nursing Archive
Book - Illustrated book, Maureen K. Minchin, Revolutions and rosewater: the evolution of nurse registration in Victoria 1923-1973, 1977
... Revolutions and rosewater: the evolution of nurse ...The evolution of nurse registration in Victoria 1923-1973.Illustrated book bound in dark blue with title printed in gold ink on spine.non-fictionThe evolution of nurse registration in Victoria 1923-1973.nurses, nursing, nursing registraiotn -victoria-history -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Water Wheel Accuracy Tester, Late 1900s
Used by State Rivers and Water Supply Commission prior to their privatisation about 1990.A clear tube with sand inside - similar to an egg timer. Used to measure the accuracy of water wheels over a half minute or less. Measurements marked on outside and related to one revolution. The blue scales relate to small meter outlets(wheels), yellow scales related to large meter outlets(wheels).Figures of rates relating to measurement of water in one revolution.irrigation, victoria state rivers and water supply commission, water wheel -
The Ed Muirhead Physics Museum
Instrument - Allbrit Planimeter, 20th Century
Adjustable Allbrit planimeter calibrated for imperial units. Assembled to use with the magnifier which can be rotated. There is a checking bar. One revolution = 10 sq inches. Accessory box covered in leatherette with blue velvet padding.Inside the box (insert): 'SCALE / VERNIER POSITION ON TRACER BAR / AREA OF ONE REVOLUTION OF THE MEASURING WHEEL SCALE / ACTUAL / CONSTANT / SCALEallbrit planimeter, mathematical instruments -
Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action
Planimeter (fixed arm)
The heavy weight is pinned onto the map and the tracing arm is used to follow the boundary to be measured Reading the number of revolutions from the two the scale wheels the area in square inches could be measured. Knowing the scale of the mapsheet the figure was converted to areas or hectares Generally at least three measurements were taken to ensure accuracy and precisionPlanimeter used to measure areas from scale maps. Includes wooden box One revolution of the main wheel equaled 10 square inches. A smaller rotating scale on the side was used to subdivide the area.Benallaforests commission victoria (fcv), forest measurement, surveying -
Running Rabbits Military Museum operated by the Upwey Belgrave RSL Sub Branch
Sword
Briquette Sword made for French Revolution and Napoleonic wars, c1793ammunition, 1795 -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Freedom fight has happy end, 2005?
Whitehorse's Hungarian population celebrate the 50th anniversary of the revolution in Budapest (photo).Whitehorse's Hungarian population celebrate the 50th anniversary of the revolution in Budapest (photo).Whitehorse's Hungarian population celebrate the 50th anniversary of the revolution in Budapest (photo).hungarian community, kocsis, ibolya, kocsis, margit -
Mont De Lancey
Functional object - Vintage Spools, Unknown
These old spools or bobbins were used in textile mills and on looms in factories. The wooden one is a piece of the Industrial Revolution. Two vintage or antique wooden and thick cardboard industrial large sewing spools. The wooden one is an example from the Industrial Revolution. It has a round wooden top and base, with metal bands around both ends. There are two holes in one end at the side of the bigger hole in the middle which the spool would be attached to a machine. It has thick twisted discoloured cream string like thread wound around it. The cardboard wide open ended spool is smaller with thick cream coloured silk thread wound onto it.They were probably used in mills or factories.cotton reels, thread holders, threads -
Puffing Billy Railway
Heinrici Hot Air Motor, 1900s
Louis Heinrici, Germany, circa 1900 a small Stirling type hot air engine in which a body of air is worked constantly, being alternately heated and cooled during each revolution of the crankshaft. Heinrici hot air engines are of the valveless, closed cycle type, generally called Stirling cycle engines, after Robert Stirling, the Scottish Presbyterian minister who pioneered their development in the early 1800's. They operate by alternately heating and cooling a quantity of air, called the working fluid, contained in the engine's internal spaces. Heat is applied externally and passes through the cylinder wall, heating the working fluid, which is then expanded against a piston to do mechanical work. After heating and expanding, the working fluid is moved to a cool space where it cools and contracts before being returned to the hot space for the cycle to repeat. It has a displacer (just a loose piston), below and in the same cylinder as the power piston to which it is connected via cranks and linkages so as to lead by 90degrees of crankshaft angle. The displacer space and the piston space are connected by the annular gap around the loose fitting displacer so that the working fluid moves between these spaces and changes volume by the appropriate ratio as the engine rotates. Because they have no valves and experience no sudden pressure changes, Stirling engines are noted for quietness and reliability. Heinricis use air at atmospheric pressure for their working fluid, but for higher specific output (power for size) and better efficiency, modern Stirling cycle engines use pressurised gas- air, nitrogen, helium or hydrogen.Historic - Hot Air Engine - MotorHot Air Motor made of Steel with two drive wheels. a small Stirling type hot air engine in which a body of air is worked constantly, being alternately heated and cooled during each revolution of the crankshaft. Heinrici Motorheinrici hot air motor, puffing billy -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: FROM TORBAY TO ST. JAMES'S: THE STORY OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1688
... revolutions ...A book titled ' From Torbay to St. James's: the story of the Revolution of 1688. One of the most important epochs in British History.' London : Ward, Lock & Co., Sallisbury Square, E.C. New York : 10 Bond Street. 449 - 464 pgs. (ill.) This booklet is one of a series of 37 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' ' Historical Series.' Price one penny, There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, british history, lydia chancellor, collection, ward & lock's penny biographies, biographies, ward & lock's penny books for the people, historical series, history, british history, revolutions, book, books, advertisements, penny books -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, The History of The French Revolution Vol 1
The History of The French Revolution Vol 1 Author: Adolphe Thiers translated by G T Fisher Publisher: C Daly Date: 1846Label on spine cover with typed text RH 944.04 THI Pastedown front endpaper has sticker from Warrnambool Public Library Front loose endpaper has a stamp from Corangamite Regional Library Service warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, great ocean road, book, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, the history of the french revolution vol 1, adolphe thiers, g t fisher -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, The History of The French Revolution Vol 2
The History of The French Revolution Vol 2 Author: Adolphe Thiers translated by G T Fisher Publisher: C Daly Date: 1846Label on spine cover with typed text RH 944.04 THI Pastedown front endpaper has sticker from Warrnambool Public Library Front loose endpaper has a stamp from Corangamite Regional Library Service warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, great ocean road, book, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, the history of the french revolution vol 2, adolphe thiers, g t fisher -
Seaworks Maritime Museum
Speed Indicator
Dial and four digit indicator to calculate revolutions of a moving part (such as an engine or shaft). In black box with red lining. Instructions sheets are includedProbator "Directions for Use/ Speed Indicator Record/ Applicable up to 6000 rpm/ for spindles rotating clockwise and anticlockwise/ tests up to 1000 rpm may be made by the steel tip the pointed/ rubber tip should be used for higher speeds/ to reset the counter one turn of the knurled knob will be sufficient/ Do not Reset whilst the counter is in motion/ The instrument is to be lubricated from time to time with a good/ neatsfoot oil" These instructions are repeated in other languages -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, Donna Leslie, Aboriginal art : creativity and assimilation, 2008
Chapters entitled History of Aboriginal Art, Imagining Albert Namatjira, Indigenous Renaissance, Creative Revolution, The Art of Les Griggs and The Art of Lin Onus.colour photographs, b&w photographs, colour illustrations, document reproductionsyorta yorta, cummeragunja, albert namatjira, les griggs, lin onus, indigenous art -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, History of The English Revolution of 1640
This item is from the ‘Pattison Collection’, a collection of books and records that was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute, which was founded in Warrnambool in 1853. By 1886 the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute (WMI) had grown to have a Library, Museum and Fine Arts Gallery, with a collection of “… choice productions of art, and valuable specimens in almost every branch and many wonderful national curiosities are now to be seen there, including historic relics of the town and district.” It later included a School of Design. Although it was very well patronised, the lack of financial support led the WMI in 1911 to ask the City Council to take it over. In 1935 Ralph Pattison was appointed as City Librarian to establish and organise the Warrnambool Library as it was then called. When the WMI building was pulled down in 1963 a new civic building was erected on the site and the new Warrnambool Library, on behalf of the City Council, took over all the holdings of the WMI. At this time some of the items were separated and identified as the ‘Pattison Collection’, named after Ralph Pattison. Eventually the components of the WMI were distributed from the Warrnambool Library to various places, including the Art Gallery, Historical Society and Flagstaff Hill. Later some were even distributed to other regional branches of Corangamite Regional Library and passed to and fro. It is difficult now to trace just where all of the items have ended up. The books at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village generally display stamps and markings from Pattison as well as a variety of other institutions including the Mechanics’ Institute itself. RALPH ERIC PATTISON Ralph Eric Pattison was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, in 1891. He married Maude Swan from Warrnambool in 1920 and they set up home in Warrnambool. In 1935 Pattison accepted a position as City Librarian for the Warrnambool City Council. His huge challenge was to make a functional library within two rooms of the Mechanics’ Institute. He tirelessly cleaned, cleared and sorted a disarrayed collection of old books, jars of preserved specimens and other items reserved for exhibition in the city’s museum. He developed and updated the library with a wide variety of books for all tastes, including reference books for students; a difficult task to fulfil during the years following the Depression. He converted all of the lower area of the building into a library, reference room and reading room for members and the public. The books were sorted and stored using a cataloguing and card index system that he had developed himself. He also prepared the upper floor of the building and established the Art Gallery and later the Museum, a place to exhibit the many old relics that had been stored for years for this purpose. One of the treasures he found was a beautiful ancient clock, which he repaired, restored and enjoyed using in his office during the years of his service there. Ralph Pattison was described as “a meticulous gentleman whose punctuality, floorless courtesy and distinctive neat dress were hallmarks of his character, and ‘his’ clock controlled his daily routine, and his opening and closing of the library’s large heavy doors to the minute.” Pattison took leave during 1942 to 1945 to serve in the Royal Australian Navy, Volunteer Reserve as Lieutenant. A few years later he converted one of the Museum’s rooms into a Children’s Library, stocking it with suitable books for the younger generation. This was an instant success. In the 1950’s he had the honour of being appointed to the Victorian Library Board and received more inspiration from the monthly conferences in Melbourne. He was sadly retired in 1959 after over 23 years of service, due to the fact that he had gone over the working age of council officers. However he continued to take a very keen interest in the continual development of the Library until his death in 1969. The Pattison Collection, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute Collection is primarily significant in its totality, rather than for the individual objects it contains. Its contents are highly representative of the development of Mechanics' Institute libraries across Australia, particularly Victoria. A diversity of publications and themes has been amassed, and these provide clues to our understanding of the nature of and changes in the reading habits of Victorians from the 1850s to the middle of the 20th century. The collection also highlights the Warrnambool community’s commitment to the Mechanics’ Institute, reading, literacy and learning in the regions, and proves that access to knowledge was not impeded by distance. These items help to provide a more complete picture of our community’s ideals and aspirations. The Warrnambool Mechanics Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and the important role it played in the intellectual, cultural and social development of people throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance. History of The English Revolution of 1640 From the Accession of Charles 1 to his Death Author: F. Guizot, translated by William Hazitt Publisher: David Bogue Date: 1854Label on spine cover with typed text PAT 942 GUI Pastedown front endpaper has sticker from WarrnamboolPublic Library covered by a sticker from Corangamite Regional Library Service warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, great ocean road, history of the english revolution of 1640, f. guizot, william hazitt -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Book, Charles Wilson, "Unilever 1945-65. Challenge and Response in the Post-War Industrial Revolution.", 1968
"Unilever 1945-65. Challenge and Response in the Post-War Industrial Revolution." Follow up to Volume II of "The History of Unilever" (Cat no. 3410) written by Charles Wilson in 1954, and so covers the next 20 yearsindustry - manufacturing, business and traders - soaps/candles, j kitchen & sons pty ltd, unilever australia (holdings) ltd -
Tennis Australia
Racquet, Circa 1985
A composite tennis racquet marked 'Revolution' with open throat, plastic butt cap and handle wrapped with leather grip tape. Model/Manufacturer's name printed on crown Materials: Adhesive tape, Ink, Vinyl, Plastic, Leathertennis -
Unions Ballarat
Castro : a political biography, Matthews, Herbert L, 1970
Biography of Fidel Castro who led the communist revolution in Cuba and was the country's leader until 2008. Castro was instrumental in other communist revolutions around the world. His ongoing relationship with the Soviet Union caused tension with the United States and led to the Cuban Missile Crisis.Significant to the history of Communism - especially in Cuba. Paper; book. Front cover: black and white picture of Castro; red, black and white background.Front cover: author's name and title (black and white text).castro, fidel, cuba, cuban missile crisis, soviet union, ussr, usa, united states of america, politics, revolution, history, btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, ballarat trades hall -
Robin Boyd Foundation
Journal, Pregled, Apr-61
Robin Boyd article "The Counter-Revolution Architecture", pp 53-60.Transmittal Slip 7 April 1961architecture, walsh st library -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Audio - Gramophone Cylinder, National Phonograph Co, Poor old England, 1908
Edison Records was one of the early record labels that pioneered sound recording and reproduction, and was an important player in the early recording industry. The first phonograph cylinders were manufactured in 1888, followed by Edison's foundation of the Edison Phonograph Company in the same year. The recorded wax cylinders, later replaced by Blue Amberol cylinders, and vertical-cut Diamond Discs, were manufactured by Edison's National Phonograph Company from 1896 on, reorganized as Thomas A. Edison, Inc. in 1911. Until 1910 the recordings did not carry the names of the artists. The company began to lag behind its rivals in the 1920s, both technically and in the popularity of its artists, and halted production of recordings in 1929. Thomas A. Edison invented the phonograph, the first device for recording and playing back sound, in 1877. After patenting the invention and benefiting from the publicity and acclaim it received, Edison and his laboratory turned their attention to the commercial development of electric lighting, playing no further role in the development of the phonograph for nearly a decade. Start of the Recording Industry: In 1887, Edison turned his attention back to improving the phonograph and the phonograph cylinder. The following year, the Edison company introduced the ”Perfected Phonograph”. Edison introduced wax cylinders approximately 4+1⁄4 inches (11 cm) long and 2+1⁄4 inches (5.7 cm) in external diameter, which became the industry standard. They had a maximum playing time of about 3 minutes at 120 RPM, but around the turn of the century the standard speed was increased to (first 144) and then 160 RPM to improve clarity and volume, reducing the maximum to about 2 minutes and 15 seconds. Several experimental wax cylinder recordings of music and speech made in 1888 still exist. The wax entertainment cylinder made its commercial debut in 1889 at first, the only customers were entrepreneurs who installed nickel-in-the-slot phonographs in amusement arcades, saloons and other public places. At that time, a phonograph cost the equivalent of several months' wages for the average worker and was driven by an electric motor powered by hazardous, high-maintenance wet cell batteries. After more affordable spring-motor-driven phonographs designed for home use were introduced in 1895, the industry of producing recorded entertainment cylinders for sale to the general public began in earnest. Blank records were an important part of the business early on. Most phonographs had or could be fitted with attachments for the users to make their own recordings. One important early use, in line with the original term for a phonograph as a "talking machine", was in business for recording dictation. Attachments were added to facilitate starting, stopping, and skipping back the recording for dictation and playback by stenographers. The business phonograph eventually evolved into a separate device from the home entertainment phonograph. Edison's brand of business phonograph was called the Ediphone. The collection of three phonograph cylinders are an example of early recorded music use for domestic entertainment. They are significant as they represent the beginnings of the modern recording industry.Cardboard tube-shaped gramophone cylinder box with lid. The printed label on the outside of the box advertises the maker and patent details. The Catalogue Number and Title are either printed or hand written on the cylinder’s lid. This cylinder contained Record no. 13619, the recording “Poor old England” published by Castling and Godfrey, sung by Billy Williams. Made by National Phonograph Company USA. C.1907On lid “Edison Record” and “This record should turn at 160 revolutions per minute, no faster” Written on lid in blue pen “Trumpet”, “EDISON AMBEROL RECORD / FOUR MINUTE”warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, gramophone record, gramophone cylinder, edison cylinder, edison record, home entertainment, music recording, edison laboratory orange nj, usa, national phonograph company of australia ltd sydney, thomas a. edison -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Tachometer, "Probator" Hand Speed Indicator, c. 1930
Timer Allows counting of revolution in time period. Measures as a rule up to 2000rpm. Originally Science Department Stawell Technical School.Small black cased Instrument. Black with Dial 0-60 Measurements S/N 13240Probator Brevete Pattenedscientific, instrument, education -
Melbourne Athenaeum Archives
Theatre program, The Suicide (play) by Nikolai Erdman performed at the Russell Street Theatre commencing 5 August 1981
The play was written in Russia after the revolution in 1928. A satire on Soviet life, productions were banned and after 1934 the play disappeared completely until the 1970s.Translated by Peter TegelThis program contains historical information about both the author and the play as well as reviews from previous audiences :good conditionthe suicide, russell street theatre, program, melbourne theatre company -
Kilmore Historical Society
Burlesques, 1869
Novels by eminent hands. Jeam's Diary. Adventures of Major Gahagan. A Legend of the Rhine. Rebecca and Rowena. The History of the next French Revolution. Cox's Diary. Short stories by W.M. Thackaray.Green cloth-covered hardcover book with gold decoration to front, spine and rear. Faded and marked spine, wear to cover edges and top & bottom of spine. Moderate foxing to pages. Rear cover detaching. 448 pp. Fair condition.P.1 '341', crossed out. Kilmore Mechanics Institute stamp. Title page '29'.adult fiction, kilmore mechanics institute library. -
Australian National Surfing Museum
Magazine, Smorgasboarder, 01/11/2010
This is a free surf magazine for all that love surfing. Available 6 times a year. www.smorgasboarder.com.au This issue contains a reference to China Gilberts'memorial paddle out at Torquay and the SurfWorld Revolution exhibition (pg 17)Free full colour surf magazine: SMORGASBOARDER issue #2 Nov/Dec 2010. For all that love surfing. Available from Noosa to Warnambool. 6 times a year. www.smorgasboarder.com.au surfing, smorgasboarder -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - Article on Bendigo Tourist attraction 'Confectionary Capers', June 04 2022
Campbell Smith had the passion to share his fascination with 18th century applied mechanic and extol the wonders of the industrial revolution. He set up Confectionary Capers in a shed on the highway at Junertoun in 1994.Bendigo Advertiser article entitled 'Capers Conundrum' Front page and inner full-page article with colour photos.bendigo, confectionary capers, tourist attraction, campbell smith -
Unions Ballarat
Independence: The struggle to set America free, Ferling, John, 2012
The history of the revolution that led to America's declaration of Independence from Britain in 1776. Significant characters in this part of US history were John Adams, Abigail Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and Edmund Burke. Relevant to the history of the United States. The declaration of Independence document has become symbolic of human rights in the country - thus, the events leading to it were a catalyst to how American democracy is interpreted and practised.Paper; hardcover book; dust jacket; battle picture on the cover.Front cover: Title and author name. Back cover: Statements of praise by Dan Rather, Andrew Burstein, R.B. Bernstein and Edith B. Gelles.btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, ballarat trades hall, declaration of independence, american civil war, american revolution, independence - america, adams, john, adams, abigail, jefferson, thomas, franklin, benjamin, burke, edmund, war, democracy, rights, politics, government, history, united states of america, britain -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - LYDIA CHANCELLOR COLLECTION: THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON
A book titled 'The Life of Napoleon Emperor of France. The greatest of modern conquerors; offspring and subduer of a revolution; soldier, statesman, emperor and exile.' London : Ward, Lock & Co., Sallisbury Square, E.C. 17 - 32 pgs. This booklet is one of a series of 53 ' Ward & Lock's Penny Books for the People.' 'Biographical Series.' Price one penny. There are also advertisements of note.books, biography, napoleon emperor of france, lydia chancellor, collection, famous people, person, individual, male, france, french history, history, napoleon, the life of napoleon, war, soldier, ' ward & lock's penny biographies, ward & lock's penny books for the people, biographical series, biographies, penny books, advertisements -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Photocopy, Ballarat Star, "The Electric Tramway System - What it will be in Ballarat - A revolution in street traffic", 22/06/1959 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about the construction of the tramway in Ballarat from a newspaper viewpoint of 1904 and compares the construction with that of Bendigo.Photocopy of an extract and article from the Ballarat Start, Friday 16 September 1904" titled "The Electric Tramway System - What it will be in Ballarat - A revolution in street traffic". Describes the tramway system that is planned for Ballarat, including the power station, the routes, rails, gauge, overhead, tramcars, with comparison with the Bendigo system. Photocopy provided by Andrew Cook 15-1-2015.trams, tramways, ballarat, esco, ballarat a power station, opening, newspaper clippings, bendigo -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MARKS COLLECTION: PLAN LANSELL'S COMET PROPRIETARY MINE BENDIGO
Plan (engineering drawings) for construction of crushing and elevating plant at Lansell's Comet Proprietary Mine, Bendigo. Drawings show detail for crusher and elevator, brick foundations. Plan is annotated with e.g. number of revolutions of jaw crusher. On bottom written in black pen: arrangement crushing and elevation plant for Lansell's Proprietary Comet Mine Bendigo, Hargreaves & Daggar, Consulting Engineers, Victoria Chambers.mining, crushing & milling, lansell's comet mine -
Unions Ballarat
Military Career of Napoleon the Great - An Account of the Remarkable Campaigns of the "Man of Destiny" (Don Woodward Collection), Gibbs, MS, 1909
Biography of Napoleon Bonaparte's boyhood, military and political career. Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a French politician and military leader. He played a significant role in the French Revolution and other warfare. He was Emperor of France in 1804-14 and for a short time in 1815.Politics and military history - France. Biographical interest - Napoleon Bonaparte.Book; 514 pages. Cover: blue background; gold lettering; author's name and title.btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, bonaparte, napoleon, revolutions - french, biography, warfare - waterloo, military, history - france