The discovery of the first telescope in 1608 can be attributed to Hans Lippershey of the Netherlands when he discovers that holding two lenses up some distance apart bring objects closer. He applies for a patent on his invention and this becomes the first documented creation of a telescope. Then in 1668, Newton produces the first successful reflecting telescope using a two-inch diameter concave spherical mirror. This opened the door to magnifying objects millions of times far beyond what could ever be obtained with a lens. It wasn’t until 1729 that Chester Moor Hall develops an achromatic lens (two pieces of glass with different indices of light refraction combined produce a lens that can focus colours to almost an exact point resulting in much sharper images but still with some distortion around the edges of the image. Then in 1729 Scottish instrument maker James Short invents the first parabolic and elliptic, distortion-less mirror ideal for reflecting telescopes. We now come to John Dollond who improves upon the achromatic objective lens by placing a concave flint glass lens between two convex crown glass lenses. This had the effect of improving the image considerably. Makers Information: John Dollond (1707-1761) London England he was a maker of optical and astronomical instruments who developed an achromatic (non-colour distorting) refracting telescope and practical heliometer. A telescope that used a divided lens to measure the Sun’s diameter and the angles between celestial bodies. The son of a Huguenot refugees Dollond learned the family trade of silk weaving. He became proficient in optics and astronomy and in 1752 his eldest son, Peter joined his father in an optical business, in 1753 he introduced the heliometer. In the same year, he also took out a patent on his new lenses. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in May 1761 but died suddenly in November and his share in the patent passed to his son Peter. In subsequent squabbles between Peter and the many London opticians who challenged his patent, Peter’s consistent position was that, whatever precedents there may have been to his achromatic lenses, his father had independently reached his practical technique on the basis of his theoretical command of Newtonian optics. As a result of maintaining his fathers patent, Dollond s became the leading manufacturer of optical instruments. For a time in the eighteenth and nineteenth century the word 'Dollond' was almost a generic term for telescope rather like 'Hoover; is to vacuum cleaner. Genuine Dollond telescopes were considered to be amongst the best. Peter Dollond (1731-1820) was the business brain behind the company which he founded in Vine Street, Spitalfields in 1750 and in 1752 moved the business to the Strand London. The Dollonds seem to have made both types of telescopes (reflecting and refracting), possessing the technology to produce significant numbers of lenses free of chromatic aberration for refracting telescopes. A Dollond telescope sailed with Captain Cook in 1769 on his voyage to observe the Transit of Venus. Thomas Jefferson and Admiral Lord Nelson were also customers of the Dollonds. Dollond & Co merged with Aitchison & Co in 1927 to form Dollond & Aitchison, the well-known high street chain of opticians, now fully part of Boots Opticians. They no longer manufacture but are exclusively a retail operation.    John Dollond's experiments in optics and how different combinations of lenses refract light and colour gave a better understanding of the divergent properties of lenses. That went on to inform and pave the way for the improvement of our understanding of optics that are represented today. Dollond was referred to in his time as the "Father of practical optics" as a leader in his field he received many prestigious awards. The telescope in the collection is a good example of one of Dollonds early library telescopes and its connection with one of England's 18th-century pioneers in optical development is in itself a significant and an important item to have within the collection. Telescope: one tube ships Day and Night telescope, with a brass inner tube and a timber main tube covered in leather. Made in 1869 by Dolland, London."Dolland London" "Day or Night" "Royal National Life Boat Institution" "1869"flagstaff hill, shipwreck coast, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, telescope, dolland, night and day, royal national life boat instution

This Day or Night telescope, made by John Dollond, was designed for use in a range of lighting conditions, as its name suggests. Telescopes are optical instruments that make distant objects appear larger and closer, thereby extending the range of what the human eye can observe. The development of the telescope was gradual, shaped by a series of important advances in optical science. In 1608, the Dutch spectacle-maker Hans Lippershey discovered that when two lenses were held apart in a particular way, distant objects appeared closer. He applied for a patent for this invention, creating the first documented telescope. In 1668, Isaac Newton produced the first successful reflecting telescope, using a two-inch concave spherical mirror. This marked a major step forward, demonstrating that mirrors could overcome some of the limitations of lenses and greatly improve magnification. Further progress followed in the eighteenth century. In 1729, Chester Moor Hall developed the achromatic lens by combining two types of glass with different refractive properties. This reduced colour distortion and produced a sharper image, although some edge distortion remained. That same year, the Scottish instrument maker James Short developed parabolic and elliptical mirrors that were better suited to reflecting telescopes because they reduced optical distortion. Building on these advances, John Dollond improved the achromatic objective lens by placing a concave flint-glass lens between two convex crown-glass lenses, considerably enhancing image quality. Maker’s information. John Dollond (1707–1761), of London, was a maker of optical, scientific and astronomical instruments best known for developing the achromatic refracting telescope. He also introduced a practical heliometer, a telescope fitted with a divided lens that could be used to measure the Sun’s diameter and the angular distance between celestial bodies. The son of Huguenot refugees, Dollond first learned the family trade of silk weaving before turning his attention to optics and astronomy, in which he became highly skilled. In 1753, Dollond patented his improved lenses, the same year he had introduced the heliometer. In 1761, John Dollond was appointed as optician to George III and the Duke of York. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1761, but died suddenly later that year in November. His share of the patent then passed to his eldest son, Peter. In later disputes between Peter Dollond and rival London opticians who challenged the patent, Peter consistently argued that, whatever earlier precedents may have existed, his father had independently developed a practical method for producing achromatic lenses through his command of Newtonian optics. By successfully defending the patent, the Dollond firm became one of the leading manufacturers of optical instruments. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the name ‘Dollond’ was at times used almost generically to mean ‘telescope,’ reflecting the firm’s reputation. Genuine Dollond telescopes were regarded as among the finest available. Peter Dollond (1731–1820) was the driving force behind the family business. He had founded a small optical business in 1750 on Vine Street, Halton Garden, with his father's guidance. The success of the business led to his father joining him in partnership in 1752. In 1959, J Dollond and Son opened a shop on The Strand, London. Dollonds appear to have produced both reflecting and refracting telescopes, and they possessed the technical skill to manufacture significant numbers of lenses largely free from chromatic aberration. In 1766, Peter went into partnership with his younger brother, John, and they traded under the name P and J Dollond. They supplied optical instruments for Captain Cook and George Hadley, an English lawyer and Meteorologist. In 1769, Captain Cook travelled with a Dollond telescope on the voyage to observe the Transit of Venus. Other notable customers included Thomas Jefferson and Admiral Lord Nelson. In 1781, Peter Dollond made bifocal spectacles. In 1804, young John Dollond passed away. The following year, Peter Dollond went into partnership with his nephew, George Huggins, and Huggins legally changed his surname to Dollond, and the firm remained P and J Dollond. In the early 20th century, the company sold film cameras. The firm remained in the hands of Dollond family members until 1927, when Dollond & Co. merged with James Aitchison & Co. to form Dollond & Aitchison, the well-known high street chain of opticians, which continued making and selling prescription spectacles. Now fully part of Boots Opticians, the company no longer manufactures instruments and operates exclusively as a retail business. The telescope in the collection is an excellent example of one of Dollond’s early library telescopes. Its association with one of eighteenth-century England’s leading innovators in optical development gives it considerable historical significance and makes it an important object within the collection. John Dollond’s experiments in optics advanced the understanding of the divergent properties of lenses and made a lasting contribution to the development of practical optical science. His work helped lay the foundation for major improvements in the design and performance of optical instruments. In his own time, Dollond was celebrated as the “Father of practical optics” and received widespread recognition for his achievements in the field. Dollond telescopes were associated with the renowned mariners, Captain James Cook and Admiral Lord Nelson Telescope: Dollond's Telescope, Day or Night model navigational instrument. Telescope is mounted on wooden tripod stand that has folding legs. Brass telescope with leather sheath over barrel, adjustable angle fitting with brass wing nuts that join the legs to the top frame, which is then joined to the telescope pole by an adjustable screw fitting. Manufactured by Dollond, London. Inscription reads "Dollond London, Day or Night" and "DOLLOND LONDON"flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, warrnambool, optical instrument, achromatic telescope, heliometer, light refraction, instrument maker, lens, transit of venus, astronomical telescope, concave lens, scientific instrument, navigation, navigational instrument, astronomy, dollond, dollond london, john dollond, peter dollond, dollond telescope, day or night telescope, floor-standing telescope, library telescope, hans lippershey, isaac newton, chester moor hall, james short, captain cook, thomas jefferson, admiral lord nelson, dollond & co, aitchison & co, dollond & aitchison, boots opticians, george iii, duke of york, george huggins, george dollond, p and j dollond, j dollond and son, spectacles, cameras

Rock formation is called " The Woolpacks " and was located on the Wonderland Track at the top of Silent Street -- however on a Broadbent map of the Grampians no.205 this formation was called the " Wool Sacks " ; and the "Woolpacks" was shown on the map close to Venus Bath.Photo shows distinct slabs of rock balancing on each other. Three people appear in the photo -- a man with a boy and a woman. All three are wearing hats. A large rock outcrop can be seen on right of photos -- trees can be seen on left.The Wool Packs F5030scenery, wonderland range

View to the South of Box Hill from a cherry-picker at the corner of Whitehorse Road and Watts Street. You can see the roof - tops of some businesses: Spotlight, Venus Adult Books, Shoe Repairs and a Liquor Store. To the left of the image is Whitehorse Technical School. Bank Street and Rutland Road are on either side of the railway line which runs through the centre of the image.spotlight, businesses, whitehorse road, box hill, venus adult books

-1 Waterfall Grampians Stawell with writing on back. -2 Stony Creek Grampians Stawell - writing on back -3 Venus Bath Grampians Stawell -4 Town Hall Stawell -5 Central Park Stawell -6 Main Street Stawell -7 Glenorchy Bridge Stawell 7 coloured by hand postcardstourism

7264 -1 Stawell Primary School 502 1911 -2 Venus Baths Halls Gap -3 Weir Lake Lonsdale near Stawell -4 Stawell Hospital Pleasant Creek same as No 0425-2 -5 New Weir Glenorchy April 1912 -6 Main Street Stawell looking West. Kays Star Hotel and Bull and Mouth. Same as No 3722-2 -7 Stawell Railway Yard with wagons. 1914 -8 Stawell from Big Hill showing Fisher Street. 1914 -9 WW1 Soldier in Uniform -10 WW1 Soldier in Uniform Mr Hall (Albert Hall) -11 WW1 Soldier in Uniform Bert (Albert Hall) -12 WW1 Soldier in Uniform Bert 1915 (Albert Hall) -13 WW1 Soldier in Uniform Bert 1917 (Albert Hall) -14 WW1 Soldier in Uniform Bert (Albert Hall) -15 WW1 Soldier in Uniform with family Photo's from photo album c1918 from Ethel Laithwait of Stawellww1

The City of St Kilda was created in 1890 and the phrase 'aura favente feror' is a motto that is believed to have been chosen by Benjamin Cowderoy, who was elected chairman, and later Mayor, of the newly established municipal district of St Kilda in 1857. He also created with the design of the crest. To the right a yacht bobs off St Kilda beach under full sail. This is the 'Lady of St Kilda', owned by Sir Thomas and Lydia Acland. In late 1841 or early 1842, Superintendent Charles La Trobe named St Kilda after this yacht during a champagne picnic near St Kilda beach. Near the shore a train and carriage can be seen traveling on the railway to St Kilda station. In 1857 this was the first public passenger rail line in Australia. Behind the train is Bachelors Hall on Alfred Square, one of St Kilda's first buildings. To the far left is St Kilda's oldest church, Christ Church (1857), which is still standing today on the corner of Acland and Jackson Streets. The lush greenery of St Kilda hill and slopes show why the original name of the district was 'Green Knoll'. The famous attractions of St Kilda as a maritime resort are symbolised in the foreground by Aphrodite, the Greek goddess. To the Romans she was Venus. Born from a cockle shell, Aphrodite was the goddess of love and beauty, sexual rapture and fertility. She was also the protector of sailors and seafarers. The royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom reflects British heritage. The French motto 'Dieu Et Mon Droit' (God and my right) and 'Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense' (Evil to him who evil thinks) are associated with Britain and the Royal family since the reign of Henry V. Scotland is represented by a chained unicorn and the thistle underneath. Ireland is represented by the harp indicating music and poetry in the third quadrant of the shield. The crest was removed from the St Kilda Town Hall in 1994 when the City of St Kilda was amalgamated with Port Melbourne and South Melbourne to create the City of Port Phillip. In 2009, Deeksha Bhardwaj, a conservator and member of the St Kilda Historical Society, restored it. Over two months the crest was cleaned minutely by hand, damaged plaster was restored (except for the missing horn on the unicorn's head) and chipped areas repainted. It was displayed in the St Kilda library until 2026, when it was removed during refurbishment works. Plaster rendition of St Kilda City crest, paintedcity of st kilda, st kilda crest