The newspaper clipping is the second of two extract from 'Prisoners of War: Australians Under Nippon', by Hank Nelson. The extract touches on the conditions the nurses serving in Singapore experienced, moving into the eventual evacuation. The first nurses were evacuated on February 10, [1942], with half of the remainder the following day, and the final nurses were evacuated February 13. These sixty-five nurses were aboard the Vyner Brooke with 300 other passengers, mostly women and children. The ship was spotted and bombed the next day. Sister Vivian Bullwinkel, clinging to the side of a lifeboat, came ashore on Radji Beach, Banka Island. She became one of a group of twenty-two nurse, other Vyner Brooke passengers and twenty British soldier from another bombed ship. This group decided to surrender to the Japanese, who proceeded to kill all but one British soldier and Vivian Bullwinkel. After holding out for ten days the pair made their way to Muntok, hiding the evidence they had both survived a massacre. Of the sixty-five nurses to board the Vyner Brooke, twelve had drowned, twenty-one had been killed on the beach and thirty-two became prisoners of war (POW).A newspaper clipping consisting of four large columns of text and a small black and white photo of an older woman (head).'A[G]E / 26/4'[blue ink, top left]world war 2, wwii, ww2, world war ii, olive dorothy paschke, vyner brooke, vivian bullwinkel, sumatra, palembang, jean ashton, betty jeffrey, wah sui, empire star, micky syer, banka strait, private kingsley, cecil kingsley, 10th australian general hospital

Sixty nurses talk to Matron Paschke about their timein and return from Malaya. Sisters Margaret Anderson and Vera Tourney are now famous for their bravery in one of the bombing attacks on the ship they were on. They shielded a wounded gunner with their bodies. "We just had to do what we could the best way we could" said Vera. In Malaya Matron Paschke had received a message that twenty nurses had to be ready to leave in an hour. After that they spent eighteen days in a converted boarding house, with wounded arriving within twenty-four hours of the nurses. When trying to reach their ship to evacuate, they had to spend a couple of hours in the Adelphi Hotel during heavy bombing. Making it onto the ship, the nurses' quarters was in the meant hold with a single light, where the nurses had to sleep om their luggage and belongings. The ship had accommodations for twenty passengers, but carried 2500 this time. Sister Bennos Atwood wanted everyone to know "that the heroism of out men was beyond words, and those we left behind in the hospitals and elsewhere were so glad for our sakes that we were getting away."Newspaper clipping with four black and white photographs of young women in hats and five columns of text. 'WWII' [photocopied ink, top of page]world war two, wwii, ww2, australian imperial forces, aif nurses, gethla forsyth, margaret anderson, vera tourney, bennos atwood, thelma gibson, bonnie howgate, sister crick, matron paschke, malaya, singapore, digger, 13th australian general hospital, raf, royal air force, british, melbourne, mildura, malacca, queensland, 10th australian general hospital, voluntary aid detachments, colonel glynn white, batavia, dutch, english, java, western australia, sister holden, victoria, war nurses' comforts fund

The newspaper article gives a basic overview of two groups of POW nurses during World War 2. Twenty two of the nurses trying to escape from the Japanese in Singapore, February 1942, on the Vyner Brooke came ashore on Banka Island. A few days afterwards they were all machine gunned by the Japanese, with only one survivor, Vivian Bullwinkel. She managed to get herself and a wounded British soldier to Muntok, where they both became POWs (prisoners of war). Of the sixty nurses on the Vyner Brooke, twelve had drowned, twenty one had been murdered and thirty two had gone into prison. Those that would survive the war made it through on a terrible diet consisting mostly of rice, attempts of the Japanese to use them for 'entertainment', making their own entertainment in celebrating birthdays and holidays, having music concerts and terrible sicknesses including cerebral malaria. Finally after the Japanese surrendered they were met at an airstrip by the Matron in Chief, A.M. Sage. She was hoping for the full sixty five from the Vyner Brooke. There were twenty four left. Another group of nurses were captured by the Japanese in Rabaul, January 1942, where twenty of their patients were taken, killed and buried in a mass grave. The nurses were put in a prison camp with civilian women where they too were treated terribly. They would be knocked down and kicked if they didn't bow deep enough, or would have their captors trying to urinate on them while laughing. After being moved to Japan they continued to try to survive by eating glue they were using to make envelopes for the Japanese. Large newspaper page with a full page story consisting of five columns of text and a large, bold title beneath a large black and white group photo of forty six people, most in nurses uniforms'NC2' [circled, blue ink, middle left of page]world war 1939-1945, thelma mceachern, 10th australian general hospital, agh, radji beach, sumatra, banka strait, 2/22nd battalion, tootie mcpherson, mavis cullen, naruto maru, dutch, eurasian, iole harper, nesta james, waltzing matilda, margaret dryburgh, marjory jennings, norah chambers, new guinea, yokohama yacht club, yokohama, mount fuji, kay parker, eileen callaghan, banks island, betty jeffrey, flo trotter, blanche hempsted, perth, melbourne, melbourne cup, micky syer

Articles all concerned with various ANZAC Day services in Melbourne as part of newspapers '4 pages for women' section.Newspaper clipping of articles on both sides, with some parts missing. One side has a black and white photograph of three woman wearing medals and holding a floral tribute. The other side has a black and white photograph of two women in Army nursing uniforms looking at the camera. There are a range of articles on both sides.'NC9' [crossed out in blue ink top right hand corner] 'NC11' [blue ink top right hand corner]edith cavell memorial, ida o'dwyer, agnes betty jeffrey, mary lougron, royal red cross, mrs a t noy, kathleen rogers, margaret grace caterson, helene joyce wilding, british commonwealth occupation forces, japan, korea, lou marshall, royal australian air force nursing service, annie moriah sage, frank selleck, frances johns, gertrude brindley, mj hanna, alfred hospital, ruth meaney, royal women's hospital, betty lawson, eye and ear hospital, mavis mitchell, footscray general hospital, m holding, j veitch, camp hospital puckapunyal, ann swinton, mbe, warrnambool hospital, alice adcock, margaret coles maternity hospital, queen alexandra imperial military nursing service, royal melbourne hospital, euraope, middle east, auxiliary territorial service, belle tresize, edith curley, women's auxiliary air force, britain, m caterson, raamc, raamc school of army health, healesville, royal australian army medical corps, kure, hj wilding, ma bennet, raafns, darwin, raaf, royal australian air force, new zealand women's auxuluary army corps, ma moorhead, auckland, waac, women's auxiliary corps, st kilda rd, egypt, france, england, caulfield military hospital, aans, australian army nursing service, vyner brooke, singapore, returned nurses' club, anzac house, tasmania, pow, prisoner of war, nesta james, nesta noy, st mary's church, caulfield, 2nd 10th agh, australian general hospital, no. 1 unit, salonika, heidelberg repatriation hospital, ae coates, edith cavell trust fund

Articles all concerned with various ANZAC Day services in Melbourne as part of newspapers '4 pages for women' section.Newspaper clipping of articles on both sides, with some parts becoming seperated. One side has a black and white photograph of three woman wearing medals and holding a floral tribute. The other side has a black and white photograph of two women in Army nursing uniforms looking at the camera. There are a range of articles on both sides.edith cavell memorial, ida o'dwyer, agnes betty jeffrey, mary lougron, royal red cross, mrs a t noy, kathleen rogers, margaret grace caterson, helene joyce wilding, british commonwealth occupation forces, japan, korea, lou marshall, royal australian air force nursing service, annie moriah sage, frank selleck, frances johns, gertrude brindley, mj hanna, alfred hospital, ruth meaney, royal women's hospital, betty lawson, eye and ear hospital, mavis mitchell, footscray general hospital, m holding, j veitch, camp hospital puckapunyal, ann swinton, mbe, warrnambool hospital, alice adcock, margaret coles maternity hospital, queen alexandra imperial military nursing service, royal melbourne hospital, euraope, middle east, auxiliary territorial service, belle tresize, edith curley, women's auxiliary air force, britain, m caterson, raamc, raamc school of army health, healesville, royal australian army medical corps, kure, hj wilding, ma bennet, raafns, darwin, raaf, royal australian air force, new zealand women's auxuluary army corps, ma moorhead, auckland, waac, women's auxiliary corps, st kilda rd, egypt, france, england, caulfield military hospital, aans, australian army nursing service, vyner brooke, singapore, returned nurses' club, anzac house, tasmania, pow, prisoner of war, nesta james, nesta noy, st mary's church, caulfield, 2nd 10th agh, australian general hospital, no. 1 unit, salonika, heidelberg repatriation hospital, ae coates, edith cavell trust fund

I0th A.G.H, being “10th Australian General Hospital”, part of Australian Army medical Corp.Newspaper “Hullo Jo” 4 pages yellowed, black print being the “Mouthpiece of the 10th A.G.H Somewhere in Malaya, Series 1 - No 2”hullo jo, newspapers, mouthpiece

Matron (Major) Olive Dorothy PASCHKE No VX38812 enlisted in the AAMC on 3.8.40 age 35 years. Promoted to Matron 8.1.1941, posted to 10th AGH on 11.1.1941, embarked for Malaya 3.2.1941 disembarking 18.2.1941, awarded the RRC 1st Class 1.1.1942 in the New Years Honors list signed by Gordon Bennett, detached to 2/4th CCS on 6.1.1942, embarked from Singapore 12.2.1942 for Australia. She was serving in Singapore when the Japanese invaded. She with many other Nurses during the bombing left on the ill fated "Vyner Brooke" which was later bombed by the Japanese in the Sundra Straits near Banka Island. Abandoning the ship she and 5 other Nurses drifted away on a raft and never seen again on 14.2.42. Many others became POW,s, drowned or murdered by the Japanese. Her records state believed killed on or after 11.2.142 dated 8.6.1944 then Now reported missing and for official purposes presumed dead, dated 11.4.1945. Records state she was granted the promotion of Major in 1943. CCS (Casualty Clearing Station) RRC ( Royal Red Cross) AGH (Australian General Hospital)Five page "order of service" re the unveiling of a memorial to "Matron O.D. Paschke RRC AANS 10th Australian General hospital." at the Dimboola Memorial High school." A sepia tone photo of O.D Paschke is stapled inside the order of service." printing is in blue & Brown. Front page has the Australian coat of arms at the top.documents - pamphlets, religon - christian, paschke, pow

An anniversary commemoration written by Sister Betty Jeffrey, 2/10th Australian General Hospital (AGH). Five years have passed since the end of the war, but it still feels like yesterday that Betty's hospital unit, who nursed in Malaya and Singapore was complete. Betty remembers the outstanding personality of Matron O. D. Paschke, RRC, particularly how she made the frightening leap from the deck of the sinking evacuation so much easier for her nurses. Matron Paschke was one of twelve nurses lost at sea that day. Later, on the beach of Banka Island, a group of twenty-one surviving nurses were kllled by the Japanese with only one survivor. Of the nurses who were taken prisoner of war (POW), of which Betty was also one, eight more died when the end of the war was almost in sight. Betty also remembers the tragedy of losing twelve members of the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) in the sinking of the hospital ship, Centaur, again with only one nurse surviving. On Anzac Day members of the Navy, Army and Air Force will gather at the Edith Cavell Memorial, where a service is read in memory of Nurse Edith Cavell and the women who lost their lives in the two world wars. Betty remembers the courage of her fellow POW nurses, particularly when they knew they were dying. Christmas 1943, in the POW camp, Betty recieved a card made from a scrounged page, hand decorated. The sister who gave her the card later died a week before the war ended. The simple short Anzac services for the women who lost their lives will always remind Betty of the only service the sisters could face holding in the POW camp, in 1943.A newspaper clipping with a large title and four columns of text beneath'Sun p2 26.4.50'[graphite pencil, bottom left]world war 2, wwii, ww2, world war ii, olive dorothy paschke, vyner brooke, vivian bullwinkel, sumatra, palembang, jean ashton

Story one - Horror Island The story retells the story of the Vyner Brooke bombing and the following massacre of twenty one nurses on a Banka Island beach. The Vyner Brooke was carrying almost 300 women, children and elderly men fleeing Singapore for Australia. On the ship were also 65 nurses from the 10th and 13th Australian General Hospital. A few days into their journey they were spotted by the Japanese and subsequently bombed, with three out of the 29 bombs dropped scoring direct hits. Only seventy people survived to make it to the nearby Banka Island. The smaller group, that included twenty two nurses, surrendered to the Japanese, who shot and bayoneted the men, then shot the nurses, with only one surviving. Wilma Young (pictured) was among the larger group who were luckier, only being taken prisoners. Story two - She saw her friends die around her... The only survivor of the Banka Island massacre, Vivian Bullwinkel (pictured), testified at the 1946 war crimes trial in Japan. Vivian gave evidence of the massacre, not for revenge, but for the sake of the twenty two nurses who died around her. A large folded newspaper page, folded to show, in the middle, a large title above the main story and associated black and photo, of an older woman holding a cat. At the top is a shorter, related story under a title, with a black and white photo of a woman in uniform, seated next to a man in uniform. wwii, ww2, world war two, pow, prisoner of war, wilma oram, empire star, british