Framed print-out of the adjacent map's storyDetails the story of the 2/2 Battalion in the Aitape Wewak campaign, and the story of its connection with the present owners

Wooden Plaque 15cm x 13cm with insignia of 2/2 Pioneer Battalion A.I.F.2/2 Pioneer Battalion A.I.F.

Photographic copy of original which is in private handsStory of 2/2 Battalion in NG in 1945 and its history with present owners

From page following title page: "2/2 Pioneer Battalion History. To the memory of All Ranks of the 2/2 Pioneer Battalion who were killed or died, as free men or prisoners during the Second World War" Refer Cat No 4072.2P, John Donald (Jock) VX19003, POW twice. Hard cover, cardboard, buckram, dark red colour, gold print on spine. 228 pages, cut plain white. Illustrated with black & white photos & maps. Front & back fly leaf & end papers illustrated, grey & white drawing of a scene with trees & soldiers in action. book, 2/2nd, pioneer

Black and white memorial photograph of Pte. A B Leach, a member of the brigade who died as a prisoner of war 26th July 1945. Photgraph is of Pte Leach in uniform and is framed in a dark brown timber frame with painted gold trim on the inner edge of the frameBallarat Fire Brigade / Social Club / In Memory of our Late Member / Pte. A.B. Leach / 2/2 Pioneer Battalion / Died P.O.W. 26th July 1945 / 105 "Killo" camp, Burma / Thorton Richards & Co / Ballaratballarat fire brigade, p o w, burma, pte a b leach, leach, leach a b, 1945, ballarat fire brigade social club, 2 2 pioneer battalion

This 1917 dated 18pr shell case has a plaque in memory of Ernest 'Cappy' Sinclair. WW1 18pr guns were all that was available in the early days of WW2 and were used until the arrival of modern 25pr guns. Ernest served in the 2/2 Pioneer Battalion which was raised in Puckapunyal in Victoria in May 1940. After completing training, the battalion sailed for the Middle East aboard the Queen Mary in April 1941. Brass shell casing with in-memorium plaque attached.Plaque affixed to item: "PRESENTED TO / MONTMORENCEY RSL SUB BRANCH / In Memory Of Our Father / EARN "CAPPY" SINCLAIR / VX74235 - 2/2 PIONEER BN / THE SINCLAIR FAMILY" Engravings from original shell on bottom (see image)shell, 2/2 pioneer battalion, ernest sinclair, ww2, second world war, vx74235

Perspex case containing model of section of Kokoda Trackww11, kokoda, new guinea, diorama, 39th battallion, 2/14th battalion, 2/16 battalion, 2/27 battalion, 53rd battalion, papuan infantry battalion

Maxwell Barry Cowden VX19297 enlisted in the 2/nd AIF on 30.5.1940 age 18 years (put his age up to 21) in 2/2 Pioneer Battalion AIF, embarked for the Middle East 8.4.1941, promoted L/Cpl 25.6.1941, promoted Cpl 29.10.1941, took part in the Syrian Campaign. On 31.1.1942 the unit embarked for Australian but were diverted to Java to defend it, disembarked 18.2.1942. Java surrendered and they were taken POW, reported MIA on 30.4.1942 then after as POW. As a POW he worked on the Burma Railway. In December 1944 they were on the Hell Ship AWA Maru and sailed for Japan to work in the Coal Mines arriving mid Jan 1945. He was repatriated back to Australia on the HMS Formidable, discharged on 28.11.1945 with the rank of Cpl. Refer also Cat No 7077.Brown wood frame with gold edge, contains a photo and medals on a green background re a WW2 soldier/POW. The medals are a mixture of official and unofficial not in the correct order. Medals top. 1. Miniature Dutch medal 1942 - 45 official. 2. Prisoner of war medal, commemorative unofficial. Centre row. 1.Dutch medal 1942 - 45 official. 2. Africa star, official. 3. 1939 - 45 Star, official. 4. Pacific Star, official. 5. Front line service medal, unofficial. Bottom. 1. Defence medal, official. 2.Australian Service medal 1939 - 45, official. 3. For Combatant duties in active service, unofficial. 4. Foreign service medal, unofficial. 5. British war medal 1939 - 45, official."Max Cowden VX19297 2/2 Pioneer Battalion AIF"award, medals, photo, pow, 2/2

WWII significance.Square pocket book for the use of united States troops in the Southwest Pacific Area. VX37033 Pte A. Bishop B.coy 2/2/Battalion is written in ink on the front cover.

An article about the an exhibition at the Australian War Museum for the 70th Anniversary of the Tobruk campaign.The article records some anecdotes of the "Rats of Tobruk". A 2 page magazine article from the RSL's publication MUFTI.Niltobruk, rats of tobruk, 2/15 battalion, 2/13 field company rae

Actual photograph taken in the battlefield Actual battlefield photographer A laminated photograph depicting diggers taking cover during aerial and mortar attack in PNG 1945on bottom right corning on paper held inn place with adhesive tape: MEMBERS OF THE 2/2 INFANTRY BATTALION UNDER / ARTILLERY AND MOTAR FIRE DURING THE CROSSING OF / MANIB CREEK ON 16/3/1945 LEADING TO THE CAPTURE OF / BUT DROME ON THE 17/3/1945; on the bottom left hand side DIGGERS TAKE SHELTER AS / JAPANESE SHELLS COME OVER / ON THE ADVANCE FROM AITAPE.photograph, laminated photograph

One of several letters sent to Mrs M MacDonald of Grey Street Wangaratta by soldiers during the second world war. This one is from Private Peter Alan ANDERSON VX 33905 Born 17/2/1910 Enlisted 21/2/1941 Served with 2/24th and 2/29th Battalions Prisoner of War - B Force / Japanese Died 25/2/1945 due to illness in Borneo - Labuan Memorial Malaya - POW No 282 Victoria's 2/24th Infantry Battalion was raised in Wangaratta in July 1940. They were welcomed with open arms by the local community as they rapidly built up their numbers. The people of Wangaratta adopted the Battalion and they became known as "Wangaratta's Own" because of the time the battalion spent in the town during its formative period prior to deployment overseas. Many of the soldiers maintained life long friendships with the people of Wangaratta. Even though the Battation was disbanded in 1946 members and their families return each year, in November, for a commemorative service at the 2/24th Battalion Memorial Wall at the Wangaratta Cemetery.Cream paper envelope with censor stamp and stickerTop left - By air mail Left side - AIF Censor stamp and sticker along fold "Opened by Censor" Right side - Mrs M MacDonald "Monald" 32 Grey Street Wangaratta Victoria Australia Rear VX33905 Pte P Anderson R.O.D A.I.F Malaya ww2, pow, private peter alan anderson vx 33905, 2/24th batt, 2/29th batt

Australian Military Forces Certificate of Discharge dated 27/7/1945 issued to Thomas Allan Karnatz VX 48290 2/24 Battalion - born 16/7/1916. Enlisted Albury 22/7/1940 - Caulfield 8/8/1940 aged 24 years 17/10/1940 posted from 2/23 to 2/24 Battalion. Embarked 16/11/1940 and disembarked Middle East 17/12/1940. Reported missing in action on 6/5/1941 and officially prisoner of war on 8/7/1941. 26/4/1945 recovered POW arrived in UK prior to returning to Australia. Cream coloured paper certificate with words printed and hand written in black ink.Australian Military Forces Certificate of Discharge No 173511ta karnatz, ww2, pow, tobruk, 2/24 battalion

Brown vinyl wallet containing various papers including identity card, receipt for 60 pounds deposit for 1929 Dodge dated 23/12/1947, Ministry of Food vouchers, postcard, newspaper cutting, black and white photograph of two young boys with a bicycle - handwritten on rear from Mrs T A Karnatz Tawonga Roadside Wodonga Victoria Australia to Private Thomas Karnatz Prisoner of War No 139745 ARB KDO 7001 Stalag 11B Germany. Item belonged to Thomas Allan Karnatz VX 48290 2/24 Battalion - born 16/7/1916. Enlisted Albury 22/7/1940 - Caulfield 8/8/1940 aged 24 years 17/10/1940 posted from 2/23 to 2/24 Battalion. Embarked 16/11/1940 and disembarked Middle East 17/12/1940. Reported missing in action on 6/5/1941 and officially prisoner of war on 8/7/1941. 26/4/1945 arrived UK recovered POWBrown vinyl wallet containing assorted military and personal papersInside printed in gold lettering - Good wishes from the Australian Red Cross Societyww2, pow, 2/24 battalion, t a karnatz, tobruk

RAVENSHOE, QLD. 1944-06-19. THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, ALLIED LAND FORCES, SOUTH WEST PACIFIC AREA, VX1 GENERAL SIR THOMAS BLAMEY, GBE., KCB., CMG., DSO., ED., AND HIS STAFF WATCHING PERSONNEL OF HEADQUARTERS COMPANY, 2/24TH INFANTRY BATTALION ENGAGED IN THEIR 3" MORTAR DRILL DURING HIS TOUR OF INSPECTION OF ARMY UNITS IN THE ATHERTON AREA. IDENTIFIED PERSONNEL ARE:- QX6408 LIEUTENANT COLONEL A.B. GILLESPIE, COMMANDING 2/24TH INFANTRY BATTALION (2) VX48762 CAPTAIN A.W. OAKLEY (3); PRIVATE C.C. DAWES (4); PRIVATE TUCKER (5); PRIVATE COONEY (6); NX376 BRIGADIER D.A. WHITEHEAD, DSO., MC., ED., COMMANDING, 26TH INFANTRY BRIGADE (7); VX20308 LIEUTENANT-GENERAL F.H. BERRYMAN, CBE., DSO., GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING, 1ST AUSTRALIAN CORPS (8); NX35000 LIEUTENANT-GENERAL V.A.H. STURDEE, CB., CBE., DSO., GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING, FIRST AUSTRALIAN ARMY (9); NX7 MAJOR-GENERAL G.F. WOOTTEN, CBE., DSO., GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING, 9TH DIVISION (10); PRIVATE R.S. O'BRIEN (11); PRIVATE S. ROSMAN (12); NX12371 MAJOR N.B. TREBECK (13).The 2/24th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army, which served during World War II .A unit of all-volunteers, it was formed in July 1940 from primarily Victorian volunteers and was known as "Wangaratta's Own" because of the time the battalion spent in the town during its formative period prior to deployment overseas. It served in North Africa in 1941–1942 as part of the 26th Brigade, which was assigned to the 7th Division, before being reassigned to the 9th Division. In early 1943, the battalion returned to Australia and later took part in campaigns against the Japanese in New Guinea in 1943–1944 and Borneo in 1945, before being disbanded in 1946. The 2/24th suffered the highest number of casualties of any 2nd AIF infantry battalion. The Unit was granted the Freedom of the City by the Rural City of Wangaratta in 1990 and one of the first, if not the first, to receive this type of honourReproduced black and white photograph of three soldiers in foreground demonstrate use of equipment whilst soldiers and Officers in the background watch on.2/24th battalion, ravenshoe, general blamey

Two handwritten letters - dated 27/6/1941 on blue lined writing paper from Pte D Detbridge VX31082 D Coy2/24 Batt. AIF Abroad to Mrs Karnatz advised her husband Tom was safe. He and several others were surrounded and forced to surrender and taken prisoners. Two of the boys managed to escape and brought the good news about Tom and others, being well and safe……… Airmail letter card dated 2/1/1942 from Pte Detbridge to Mrs Karnatz thanking her for the cake of chocolate and enquiring about Tom and if he had mentioned Tim Rogers, a mate who has not been heard of for some time. Thomas Allan Karnatz VX 48290 2/24 Battalion - born 16/7/1916. Enlisted Albury 22/7/1940 - Caulfield 8/8/1940 aged 24 years 17/10/1940 posted from 2/23 to 2/24 Battalion. Embarked 16/11/1940 and disembarked Middle East 17/12/1940. Reported missing in action on 6/5/1941 and officially prisoner of war on 8/7/1941. 26/4/1945 recovered POW arrived in UK prior to returning to Australia. Two handwritten letters - one in lead pencil on blue lined writing paper and the second in black ink on Airmail Letter Card with square blue stamp top right corner and triangular purple stamp lower left corner.Air Mail Letter Card addressed to Mrs T A Karnatz Tawonga Roadside Wodonga Victoria Australia Purple triangle stamp containing Passed by Censor No 3469 with a crown in the centre.ww2, 2/24 battalion, tobruk, thomas karnatz, pow

1. "Kenneth Leigh Gordon Wylie", No.2515 3/57 Battalion WW1. Enlisted 20/6/16, age 22. In France 8/2/17 but hospitalised 19/4/17 with Tuberculosis. returned Aust 10/9/17 and discharged. 2. "Vincent Keating" VX53980 2/2nd Field Ambulance, age 23. Enlisted 25/4/41 and posted to Middle East. Returned to Aust and posted to New Guinea 22/10/32 and again 20/12/44. Discharged 19/12/45 at rank of Sgt. 3. "Joseph Keating" VX91801 enlisted 22/3/43, age 32. Embarked to New Guinea with 2/28 Batt. Discharged 15/7/46 as a Private.1. Sepia photo of Kenneth Leigh Gordon Wylie. Shoulder and head shot looking into camera. No background. Pasted onto brown cardboard. 2. Black and white photo of Vincent Keating. Portrait from Waist up looking into camera. Set in a brown and gold frame with a black leather backing and fold out stand. 3. Black and white photo of Joseph Keating. Shoulder/head portrait in uniform. Set in a brown wooden photo frame with gold metal rim and wooden fold out stand. Glass cover over photo.buna, ww1, ww2, photographs, kenneth leigh gordon wylie, vincent keating, joseph keating

This six-postcard group is the third in a series of records of items in the collection of Edgar Dawson DCM. Dawson was the Regimental Sergeant Major of 57th Battalion, AIF. The 57th had a company of men largely from Bendigo and Eaglehawk. These postcards are from his personal album. Many are annotated in Dawson's hand with explanatory notes on the subject. Refer to Cat No 893 for his service details. Items originally in album cat. no. 207P Service details available through the NAA. Physical description Collection of six photo postcards B+W 1. Portrait of Richards, John 3593 57th Btn 2. Portrait of Moore, Charles 4593 57th Btn 3. Portrait of Mitchell, Leslie Fenen 4854 57th Btn 4. Portrait of Hutson, Herbert Spence 3540 57th Btn 5. Portrait of Steele, Leslie William 2737 57th Btn 6. Portrait of Spinks, William Edward 2239 57 Btn1. On verso "L.Cpl J Richards, St Killians Road, White Hills Bendigo Victoria 6-10-17" 2. On verso, "Chas Moore, 9-9-17" 3. On verso "Pt L.F. Mitchell, No 4854, 13th reinforcements, 29th Battalion, AIF Abroad" 4. On verso "This is one of our gallant runners France 1917" "Herbert S. Hutson, Lemon Grove, Heathcote Victoria" 5. On verso "With best wishes L Steele 10-2-18", "L. Steele, Balmoral Street, Essendon, Melbourne Australia" 6. On verso "W.E.Spinks, Templeton Street, Euroa, Victoria, Australia"postcards, 57th battalion, edgar dawson dcm

This six-postcard group is the eleventh in a series of records of items in the collection of Edgar Dawson DCM. Dawson was the Regimental Sergeant Major of 57th Battalion, AIF. C Company of the 57th was composed of men drawn from Echuca, Eaglehawk and Bendigo. The postcards are from his personal album, and many are annotated in Dawson's hand with explanatory notes on the subject. Refer to Cat No 893 for his service details. Items originally in album cat. no. 207P 1. Unidentified soldier 'Lyn' 2. Private A. Langford. There are no unit marking so could be a number of men from region. No A. Langford served in the 57th Battalion. 3. 'B.J.K' 4. Frances Hughes on right, 4521 57th Battalion, with "Checker" The address on the back of the card belongs to Annie Branchflower, mother of Adye Branchflower, MM of the 31st Battalion 1. "To Heck, yours sincerely, Lyn" Heck was Edgar Dawson's nickname 2. "Yours sincerely, Private A. Langford" 3. "This is Davo's mate in the orderly room. Taken at the same place as mine" 4. "Votre Amis Checker and Bobbie, Belgium 18-2-18 273 Punt Road Richmond" postcards, 57th battalion, edgar dawson dcm

4. Photograph of a burning Zeppelin shot down at Potter's Barr, London at midnight 1st October, 1916. Part of the "Robert H. Baron" (No. 3596) and Cooper Collections. See Catalogue No. 1981P for details of Baron's Service.1. Colour photograph of a group of soldiers on parade. Each is in uniform and have shouldered arms. officer in uniform in front of troops. 2. Blank cream coloured postcard. printing front and back in blue type. 3. Sepia toned drawing of a group of three soldiers in uniform. Bomb damaged building in background. 4. Black and white photograph of a burning zeppelin.2. Handwritten in pencil on back 'No.3596' Pte R.H. Baron. 10th Reinforcements, 57th Battalion, Australian Imperial Forces abroad. (written twice). 3. Handwritten in black ink on back 'Dear Bob, I wish you a Happy New Year, I hope you treated the poor Huns better than this, from Mum'. 4. Handwritten in black ink and pencil on back: 'Costings of various items in pounds, shillings and pence.robert h. baron, cooper collection, postcards, ww1

This six-postcard group is the eighth in a series of records of items in the collection of Edgar Dawson DCM. Dawson was the Regimental Sergeant Major of 57th Battalion, AIF. C Company of the 57th was composed of men drawn from Echuca, Eaglehawk and Bendigo. The postcards are from his personal album, and many are annotated in Dawson's hand with explanatory notes on the subject. Refer to Cat No 893 for his service details. Items originally in album cat. no. 207P 1. Studio portrait of sergeant, 57th Battalion 2. Unidentified sergeant, 57th Battallion 3. Pay Sergeant, 57th Battalion 4. Sergeant, 57th Battalion 5 Sergeant 57th Battalion 6. Unidentified soldier, 57th Battalion 1. On verso "Yours sincerely Alex, March 1916" 2. On Verso "This is a pal of mine in my old company, he was wounded on 26-9-17 and now in Blighty" 3. "This is our pay sergeant, he came over with me. He is a fine chap and comes from Bendigo" postcards, 57th battalion, edgar dawson dcm

This four-postcard group is the ninth in a series of records of items in the collection of Edgar Dawson DCM. Dawson was the Regimental Sergeant Major of 57th Battalion, AIF. C Company of the 57th was composed of men drawn from Echuca, Eaglehawk and Bendigo. The postcards are from his personal album, and many are annotated in Dawson's hand with explanatory notes on the subject. Refer to Cat No 893 for his service details. Items originally in album cat. no. 207P 1. From left, lower: Ross, Angus John William 4584 Wilkinson, Albert James 4627 Wheaton, Stanley 4631 Shearer, Robert John Lesley 2896 Macken, Charles Anthony 2007 Howard, Ray Septimus 3556 Rogers, Ernest 1764 Harris, Alfred George 1959 Cockram, Louis 955 Short, Stanley 2684 Rex King (number not traced) 2. Unidentified group of sergeants, 57th Battalion 3. A Company sergeants, 57th Battalion 4. B company sergeants, 57th Battalion 1. Names on verso 2. "Yours sincerely, J.W. Brown Sgt, 57th Battalion, A.I.F pt address Etonia, Coorigil Road Murrumbeena Victoria" 3. "These are the sergeants of A company of our battalion" 4. "This is B company sergeants of our battalion. The three in front came over on the boat with me" postcards, 57th battalion, edgar dawson dcm

This six-postcard group is the tenth in a series of records of items in the collection of Edgar Dawson DCM. Dawson was the Regimental Sergeant Major of 57th Battalion, AIF. C Company of the 57th was composed of men drawn from Echuca, Eaglehawk and Bendigo. The postcards are from his personal album, and many are annotated in Dawson's hand with explanatory notes on the subject. Refer to Cat No 893 for his service details. Items originally in album cat. no. 207P 1. Moore, James Robert 2462 57th Battalion 2. 'Bert H', unidentified Lance Corporal, three years service stripes, unit unidentified. 3. Unidentified medic, from Bendigo 4. Medic, 57th Battalion, not yet identified 5. 'Snow", unidentified 57th Battalion medic 6. Unidentified medic, 57th Battalion 1. "Yours sincerely J R Moore, 57th Battalion A.I.F 17-12-17" 2. "Yours sincerely, Bert H" 3. "Another Bendigo boy doing great work in the A.M.C" 4. "Yours sincerely *** France 20-12-17" on verso "*** co Reuters Ltd, 5 Moore Street Sydney" 5. "Yours sincerely, Snow, 25-2-18" postcards, 57th battalion, edgar dawson dcm

This set of six colour photographs of a Catafalque Party from the Army Survey Regiment was taken at the Mount Macedon Memorial Cross on the 19th of November 1995. The ceremony was held to commemorate the 60th anniversary and the refurbishment of the site. The refurbishment entailed the complete replacement of the cross and its surrounds. The cross is also known as the Cameron Memorial Cross and was built in 1935 as a memorial for those who lost their lives in the First World War. The Guest Speaker was Mr Bruce Ruxton AM MBE OBE, who at the time was the president of the Victorian RSL. He served in the 2/1st Australian Topographical Survey Company in WW2 before reallocation to the 2/25th Australian Infantry Battalion. He was the president of the Victorian RSL from 1979 to 2002 and was a staunch vocal advocate for the health and welfare of war veterans and their families. Refer to the Wikepedia web site for more detail on the history of the Mount Macedon Memorial Cross and Mr Bruce Ruxton AM MBE OBE.This set of six colour photographs of a Catafalque Party from the Army Survey Regiment was taken at the Mount Macedon Memorial Cross on the 19th of November 1995. The photographs were printed on photographic paper and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 300 dpi. .1) - Photo, colour, 1995. Mount Macedon Memorial Cross Ceremony, SPR James Commons in foreground. .2) - Photo, colour, 1995. Mount Macedon Memorial Cross Ceremony, Guest Speaker - Mr Bruce Ruxton AM MBE OBE. .3) - Photo, colour, 1995. Mount Macedon Memorial Cross Ceremony, SPR Katie Royce, unidentified soldier in background. .4) - Photo, colour, 1995. Mount Macedon Memorial Cross Ceremony, James Commons. .5) - Photo, colour, 1995. Mount Macedon Memorial Cross Ceremony, L to R: SSGT Peter Coles, SPR James Commons. .6) - Photo, colour, 1995. Mount Macedon Memorial Cross Ceremony, SPR James Commons. Each photo is annotated ‘Mt Macedon Memorial Cross Ceremony 19 Nov 95. Mr Bruce Ruxton AM MBE, OBE, SSGT Peter Coles, SPR Katie Royce and SPR James Commons are identified on the photos. royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr

All photos include George Ballinger, No. 828 Enlisted 8/3/1916, Age 24 in C Company 38th Battalion. 7670.1P includes Charles Barkell, No. 811, enlisted 29/2/1916, age 22 to same unit (top RHS), Walter Montieth No. 936 enlisted 14.3.1916, age 18, KIA 4/10/1917 (Bottom LHS). and Charles Christian Snell who enlisted as John Lewis No. 925, enlisted 11/3/1916, age 21.Various black and white/sepia photos of WW1 soldiers. 1. Landscape photo of 4 WW1 Aust. soldiers posed in two rows (Charles Barkell, Walter Montieth, George Ballinger, Charles Snell). 2. Portrait photo of George Ballinger & Charles Snell (seated). 3. Landscape photo of two soldiers (George Ballinger & unknown). 4. Posed photo of George Edward Ballinger in front of photo board. 5. Portrait photo of George Edward Ballinger. 6. Portrait photo of George Ballinger. 7. Portrait photo of George Ballinger with his image within an oval and an inscription below it.2. On back written "Snell (seated) & Ballinger” 3. On back written "Unknown & Ballinger” 4.- 6. “Ballinger”on back. 7. “Ballinger”on back & "My father George E. Ballinger", "Home studio, A. Power, Brunswick”38th battalion, ww1, photographs

The "Echo" was a small newspaper issued by the 2/22nd Infantry Training Battalion based at the racecourse camp at Epsom, Bendigo. Purpose of camp was to train new recruits and feed them into the Infantry Battalion itself. Aim of the newspaper would be as a conduit of official information and for local morale.News sheets issued by Training Battalion titled the 2/22 Echo. Content includes lots of advertisements, social occasions, Official Military business. Both are 8 pages long on yellowed paper and writing in black. 1: 1st Edition date Wed 22nd Oct 1940 with part of pages 6 & 7 missing. 2. 2nd Edition dated Thursday 7th Nov 1940.2/22 battalion, ww2, newspaper