Used for the treatment of secondary amenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis.Two strips of Provelle 28 tablets. Each strip contains a row of 7 blue tablets, and a row of 7 maroon tablets. Blue tablets are imprinted with a 'U' design on one side. Maroon tablets are printed with the text 'PREMARIN' on one side. Text printed on tablet packaging reads 'Provelle 28/Maroon tablets - Premarin (conjugated oestrogens) 0.625 mg/Blue tablets - Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) 5mg/Take two tablets (1 maroon and 1 blue) per day'. Abbreviations for days of the week are printed below the tablets. Background of packaging is yellow, with vertical white bands behind the tablets, each band covering one blue and one maroon tablet. Back of packaging contains listing of ingredients, and contact details for manufacturer/distributer 'Upjohn'. Back of one strip is imprinted with the text '(B)AD931'. Back of second strip is imprinted with the text 'EXPAUG96'.obstetrics

Illustrated book with red binding. On front cover series name at top in black print '3' in white print Title is printed in white on a black rectangle, Above this is another rectangle of wertical balack and white stripes on which is superimposed 5 white figures of a baby progressing from lying to standing indepentanly. Author and publisher printed in blsck underneath these rectanglesnon-fictionVintage textbook focusing on clinical guidelines for assessing infants during their first year of lifeneonatal reflexes, paediatric medicine, infant development, infant examination

Report - single sheet, typed, titled, "Northern Area - Lengths of track where traffic is abnormally frequent", listing: 1 - Routes where 2 or more services run - giving the length in miles. 2 - route where only one service runs. Gives an analysis of the results. Two copies held.trams, tramways, cable trams, track, services

This type of test tube would have been used to collect blood or other bodily fluids. IT may also have been used to boil urine to identify the presence of urinary abnormalities such as sugar albumen acetone or bile.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Glass test tube with a thin glass lip in original cylinder cardboard case. Case is in two section, lid and body - lid is lined with white cardboard.diagnostic testing, midwifery

Provera is used to treat endometriosis, the absence of menstrual periods (not due to pregnancy), abnormal bleeding from the uterus, certain types of cancer including cancer of the breast, kidney and endometrium, and in combination with an estrogen containing medicine to relieve symptoms of menopause in women with an intact uterus. (NPS MedicineWise)Two rectangular cardboard boxes containing strips of Provera 5mg tablets. Front of each box is printed with supply and use warnings, as well as the text '28 TABLETS/Provera Tablets/5 mg/Each tablet contains: MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE 5mg. Front of box is also labelled 'SAMPLE ONLY' and 'NEW/COLOUR/NEW FORMULATION/NEW SHAPE'. Manufacturer logo (Upjohn) at bottom right hand corner of the front of each box. Back of box is printed with dosage instructions, storage instructions, and tablet contents. Manufacturer logo (Upjohn) at bottom left on back of box. one end of box is imprinted with a batch number and an expiry date. Expiry date is 12/97. Tablet strips each contain 28 tablets, in four rows of seven. Front of tablet strip printed with the text 'Provera 5mh Tablets' at centre. Left hand side of tablet strip is printed with the text 'WEEK 1', 'WEEK 2', "WEEK 3', and 'WEEK 4', with each week label corresponding to a row of seven tablets. Abbreviations for the days of the week are printed on tablet strip next to each tablet. Right hand side of tablet strip is stamped with a batch number and an expiry date. Expiry date is 12/97. Tablet strip has silver foil on top surface, and blue foil on bottom surface. Blue foil on bottom of tablet strip printed with the repeated text 'Upjohn/Provera Tablets/MEDROXYPROGESTERONE/ ACETATE 5mg'.endometriosis, menopause

The cast of a captive African Lion was made by David Pepper-Edwards at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW. This cast was taken in deep mud to demonstrate the abnormal shape of such casts. Sometimes cats claws are clearly visible from such casts and so being confused with that of a large dog. David Pepper-Edwards used a number of plaster cast footprints for comparison of unidentified field casts.Plaster cast of a Lion footprint. These casts were used in the identification of photographs and sightings of large cats in the Australian Bush. The plaster has remnant straw like material attached. Australian Animal Folklore Collectionaustralian animal folklore collection, pepper edwards, david pepper edwards, big cats, mythical, myth, folklore

The Sunday School Scholars Anniversary Celebration was to be held on 1 December 1934, but due to an abnormal storm on the day before it was postponed to 8th December 1934. 15000 Sunday school scholars and teachers marched through the streets of Melbourne to demonstrate the strength of youth organisations associated with the Churches. The march ended at the Treasury Gardens where a thanksgiving service was held, more than 35,000 people attended. Some of the families of the City of Moorrabbin would have attended this march.Silver pin in the shape of a shieldCentenary Melbourne Victoria 1-12-34 - Sunday School Scholars Demonstrationsunday school, religion, melbourne, treasury gardens

This item was used before the flexible sigmoidoscope (1996) and before the introduction of fibre optics late 1900s. The 1900s saw an incredible leap forward in the field of medical procedures. The ability to visually see what was happening within the human body (in real time) provided greater analysis about certain biological abnormalities during a greater time elapse than before. This procedure involved less trauma to the patient and greater flexibility to the Physician in treatment schemes. The rigid signoidscope, however provided the first visual of the colon in situ, but was highly invasive to the patient.This item was used in the Mount Beauty Hospital for qualified Physicians to use in their diagnostic evaluation of patients. This would not be an instrument used by a General Physician. This item is still a internal observatory method which may, in some instances, cause some minor complications. This item does point to the level of medical diagnostics, equivalent to those available in larger towns and cities, which brings this rural area (once considered to be an isolated region) to a higher level of medical care.This rigid 35 cm long sigmoidoscope (internal probe) is made of stainless steel outer hollowed rounded rod, which permits the use of both a fixed (very thin) lighting rod and two flexible cord lights access. Both the lighting rod and the flexible lights can be lowered within the main rod to allow the physician to see the colon at the bottom of the rod.These items are all contained within a specifically inlaid wooden box. The box has separate open compartments for the main instruments and a small lidded compartment containing replacement light bulbs. The hollowed tube permits the physician to visually observe the signoid (an S shaped part) of the colon.On the stainless steel main rod body are engraved the lengths of the body,in centimetres ,with numbers starting at the five centimeter mark and then every five centimetres up to the thirty centimetre mark. On the front inside rim of the box are two inlaid white plastic strips with black print, "ALLEN & HANBURYS Ltd" and the other "LONDON"medical diagnostics, sigmoidoscope examinations, medical examinations, hospital equipment

Report - hand made on very thin paper, almost rice paper, 3 pages + cover note of 2/11/1921 to Mr. Wilcox, General Manager from Mr. C. W. Young and W. A. Savage, Assist Traffic Manager titled "Proposed Flying City Shunt". Report suggests that improved shunting arrangements are needed at Collins and Spencer St due to increased traffic. Notes cars can be shunted in abnormal conditions in 40 seconds. Normal shunting was 60secs it appears. Report gives details of the costs and the shunting times taken to turn cable sets around. The cover note of 2/11/1921, re-submits the report to Mr Dix from a person (can read the signature) from the Fitzroy Power House. Last page was scanned separately as a jpg file. Dated 11/9/1917Has been stamped "Copy" in two places.trams, tramways, cable trams, track, collins st, shunting

Originating in New Zealand, the Drysdale, represented by Bilby Bill, was developed in the 1930s at Massey University (Canterbury) by crossing a coarse haired Romney and the hardy Cheviot breed. First imported to Australia in 1975, the Drysdale, due to a genetic abnormality, produces coarse, long staple fleece. This same gene also gives them their horns, something that generally does not occur in the parent breeds. Their fleece grows very fast, up to 25cm every six months; as such shearing is carried out twice a year. The coarse and hard wearing wool is mostly used for the manufacture of carpets. The Drysdale is a medium to large stocky sheep, weighing approximately 55kg and produces about 6 to 8kg of fleece per animal annually, which is 35 to 45 microns in diameter. The yarn used on the National Wool Museum’s Axminster Gripper Loom to make the Manor House Rug is spun from the wool of Drysdale sheep.Taxidermied male Drysdale sheep. Medium sized animal with white body coloration. Large horns protruding from the top of the skull. drysdale, sheep, new zealand

Annual report of the Association for the Advancement of the Blind outlined activities and events over the year, including continued support through donations despite abnormal conditions caused by the war, less attendances at Country Concert Party events however it remains in a sound financial position, a bequest of 200 pounds was received from Jean Bickford for the purpose of accommodating blinded soldiers at Brighton, the work of the Association has largely been limited in area however with the Secretary's visit to both Bendigo and Ballarat it is hoped that more is possible, a new trade of plaiting bark to make small floral baskets has been added, a near miss was incurred at the 'Re-union' at Woodburn after the hot afternoon helped generate a violent tornado which fortunately missed the Home but created havoc a few hundred metres away, and the loss of several members and supporters, including Mr Young who was killed in a tram accident and Mrs G W Paterson, who along with her husband W Paterson, an active supporter of the Home.1 volume of printed material with some illustrationsassociation for the advancement of the blind, annual reports

This bottle may have held medicine used by a local early settler family. A local resident discovered it when digging his garden in McKinnon 2013. James Hardie immigrated to Australia in 1888 from Linlithgow, Scotland, and created a business importing oils and animal hides. Andrew Reid, also from Linlithgow, came to join Hardie in Melbourne, and became a full partner in 1895. When Hardie retired in 1911, he sold his half of the business to Reid. James Hardie Industries Ltd first listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1951 and is an industrial building materials company headquartered in Ireland which specialises in fibre cement products. James Hardie manufactures and develops technologies, materials and processes for the production of building materials. For over 20 years, Hardie has also operated a research and development facility devoted solely to fibre-cement technology. The company was a key player in asbestos mining and manufacturing in Australia through most of the twentieth century. Working with products containing asbestos - including the building material known as "Fibro" - caused people to develop various pleural abnormalities such as asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma. In December 2001, the company shareholders unanimously voted to restructure and relocate the company in the Netherlands as a parent company. This was part of a strategy to separate the company from the stigma of its asbestos liabilities. February 2010, James Hardie moved its corporate domicile from The Netherlands to Ireland, In May 2012 the High Court of Australia found that seven former James Hardie non-executive directors misled the stock exchange over the asbestos victims compensation fundA brown glass bottle, with finger grip handlearound bottom " THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF JAMES HARDIE PTY. LTD. SYDNEY' on base 'IS985 / 7early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond, mvkinnon, glass bottles, medine containers, medical supplies, james hadie pty ltd. hardie

This bottle may have held medicine used by a local early settler family. A local resident discovered it when digging his garden in McKinnon 2013. James Hardie immigrated to Australia in 1888 from Linlithgow, Scotland, and created a business importing oils and animal hides. Andrew Reid, also from Linlithgow, came to join Hardie in Melbourne, and became a full partner in 1895. When Hardie retired in 1911, he sold his half of the business to Reid. James Hardie Industries Ltd first listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1951 and is an industrial building materials company headquartered in Ireland which specialises in fibre cement products. James Hardie manufactures and develops technologies, materials and processes for the production of building materials. For over 20 years, Hardie has also operated a research and development facility devoted solely to fibre-cement technology. The company was a key player in asbestos mining and manufacturing in Australia through most of the twentieth century. Working with products containing asbestos - including the building material known as "Fibro" - caused people to develop various pleural abnormalities such as asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma. In December 2001, the company shareholders unanimously voted to restructure and relocate the company in the Netherlands as a parent company. This was part of a strategy to separate the company from the stigma of its asbestos liabilities. February 2010, James Hardie moved its corporate domicile from The Netherlands to Ireland, In May 2012 the High Court of Australia found that seven former James Hardie non-executive directors misled the stock exchange over the asbestos victims compensation fund' A brown glass bottle with finger ring hold at neck that may have been used by a local home owner to hold medicine c1900around base ' THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF JAMES HARDIE PTY LTD SYDNEY ' on base ' IS 994 ' pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond, mvkinnon, glass bottles, medine containers, medical supplies, james hadie pty ltd. hardie, early settlers

This particular geological specimen was found in Mount Franklin or Lalgambook in Djadjawurrung, located between Daylesford and Newstead, approximately ninety minutes drive from Melbourne. The mountain is an example of a breached scoria cone (a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments) which was created by a volcanic eruption about 470,000 years ago, a date which may indicate the age of this geological specimen. The volcanic eruptions of Mount Franklin were most likely witnessed by members of the Dja Dja Wurrung Aboriginal tribe, who referred to this country as the 'smoking grounds'. Mount Franklin and the surrounding area appears to have been a place of considerable religious significance to Aboriginal people, there is evidence which indicates that frequent large ceremonial gatherings took place in the area. Basalt is the most common rock on Earth’s surface, more than 90% of all volcanic rock on Earth is basalt. Basalt is an aphanitic extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. Specimens are black in colour and weather to dark green or brown. Basalt is rich in iron and magnesium and is mainly composed of olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase. Olivine is the name of a group of rock-forming silicate minerals with compositions ranging between Mg2SiO4 and Fe2SiO4. Unlike other minerals, Olivine has a very high crystallisation temperature which makes it the first of the minerals to crystallise from magma. As magma cools, the crystals begin to form and settle on the bottom of the lava and form basalts that are abnormally enriched in olivine in the lower part of lava flows. According to H. M. King (on geology.com) "Olivine is thought to be an important mineral in Earth's mantle. Its presence as a mantle mineral has been inferred by a change in the behaviour of seismic waves as they cross the boundary between Earth's crust and mantle". Lava from Mount Franklin and other volcanoes in the area filled valleys and buried the gold bearing streams that became the renowned ‘deep leads’ of the gold mining era. In 1852, as part of the Victorian gold rush, gold was discovered in the immediate area, this gold was created by lava flows during the Newer Volcanic period, which were mined intensively during the nineteenth century. Around 1865 the presence of a deep lead in Mount Franklin was established. Deep lead mining was initially unsuccessful, and it was not until the late 1870s that the Franklinford Gold Mining Company mined at Mount Franklin on a significant scale. A few years later the Mount Franklin Estate Gold Mining Company also struck gold, followed by the Shakespeare and Great Western companies in the mid-1880s. By the late 1880s, however, deep lead mining had ceased in the area. Soon after gold was discovered in 1851, Victoria’s Governor La Trobe wrote to the Colonial Office in London, urging ‘the propriety of selecting and appointing as Mineral Surveyor for this Colony a gentleman possessed of the requisite qualifications and acquaintance with geological science and phenomena’. Alfred Selwyn was appointed geological surveyor in Australia in 1852 which began the Geological Survey of Victoria. In 1853-69 the Geological Survey issued under Selwyn's direction sixty-one geological maps and numerous reports; they were of such high standard that a writer in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London bracketed the survey with that of the United States of America as the best in the world. During his years spent in Australia, Selwyn collected numerous significant geological specimens, examples of which are held in collections such as the Burke Museum.This geological specimen is an example of basalt and olivine which shows the volcanic lava activity and geographical specific nature of Mt Franklin as a significant volcanic site. According to Agriculture Victoria 'The crater is one of the deepest in the Central Highlands area. It is a major megacryst site with some of the largest known Victorian examples of megacrysts of augite and an orthoclase. The small parasitic mound of Lady Franklin on the western flanks adds to the geological interest of the site'. This specimen also highlights the locality as a significant place for both indigenous activity and Victorian gold rush era mining practices. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.An angular, solid hand-sized piece of grey volcanic Basalt with green/brown Olivine phenocrysts along one flat edge.Olivine in basalt / - label is probably / correct. / C. Willman / 15/4/21burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, basalt, igneous rock, igneous-volcanic, volcanic geology, volcanic, olivine, olivine specimen, basaltoid

Edna Barrie at the cairn, photo received from Graeme Minns in 1988. The cairn marks the site of Jimmy Melrose's plane crash in Melton South. The accident which happened on July 5th 1936. In 1934 Melrose made headlines with a series of spectacular flights. In July of that year, he set around Australia record and in that year established a new solo Australia England record when he flew to England to compete in the MacRoberston race with a De Havilland Puss Moth VH- YQO. The only Australian and the only solo pilot to complete the course within the time limit. He was seventh in finishing order and third in the handicap section making news again during the race with a dramatic landing in Darwin with empty fuel tanks. Late in 1935 Melrose imported the Phoenix for his “Adelaide to Anywhere” Charter Service. The previous year the Heston Aircraft Company had taken over the interests of the well known Comper Aircraft Company, and the first production of the new firm was the Phoenix, a single-engined all wooden five seater machine of sesquiplane configuration. The forward half of the fuselage was a streamlined rectangular section and the rear portion was a monocogue shell; the whole was of plywood fabric covered. The wing was built up of spruce box spars and lattice ribs, ply covered from the leading edge to the front spar and the fabric covered over the remainder. The tail surfaces were of similar construction. The most notable feature of the design was the lower stub wing which ran right across the fuselage embodying two box spars, plywood covered it housed the main undercarriage wheels when retracted and provided a substantial anchorage for the Nu form wing struts. The Dowty undercarriage retracted inwards, operated manually by hydraulic packs, Dual control fitted, with side by side seating for the pilots and three passenger seats behind. Power was a 200 h.p. De Havilland Gipsy VI 6 cylinder inverted in-line air-cooled engine. Six Phoenix were built; five of them registered in Great Britain and one of those was later sold abroad the remaining four were impressed into the R.A.F. in 1940. Specifications were: 40 feet 4 inches length 30 ft 2 ins height, 9ft 7ins, wing area 270 sq ft, Tare weight 2,600lbs loaded weight 3,300lbs; cruising speed 360 m.p.h. landing 50mph ceiling 14,000 ft range 700 miles. Melrose’s machine the first production aircraft was built early in 1936 and test flown of the 24th March. Painted green it carries the words “South Australian Centenary 1936” in silver of the fuselage and the name “Billing on the engine cowling in honor of Melrose’s uncle Noel Pemberton Billing, pioneer designer and founder of the Supermarine Aviation Company. The delivery flight was planned as a goodwill mission to publicise the forthcoming South Australian Centenary celebrations. Melrose left Dympne on the 9th April 1936, and flying via Marseilles, Naples, Athens, Baghdad, Basra, Karachi, Jodphur, Calcutta, Akyab, Penang, Singapore, Lombok, Darwin, Newcastle Waters and Alice Springs reached Adelaide on the 25th of April. Continuing the goodwill flight to other States, he visited Melbourne, Sydney, Newcastle, Grafton, Brisbane, Coff’s Harbour, Sydney again, Launceston, Hobart and Mount Gambier before returning to Adelaide on the 13th May. During June Jimmy made some charter flights and early in July was engaged by Mr. A.J. Campbell a director of several mining companies from Melbourne to Darwin to commence at Essendon on the4th July. However on that day low cloud and steady rain caused the postponement. There was little improvement and Melrose was advised to delay the departure again. However he wished to reach Oodnadatta that night, and when he observed the break in the clouds decided to leave. He planned to climb above the cloud and fly to Adelaide at 3,000 feet. The aircraft was airborne about 8.10 a.m. and was last seen from Essendon climbing above the clouds. At 8.45 people at Melton (30 miles West of Melbourne) heard an approaching aircraft. The engine noise increased abnormally and eye witnesses saw the machine fall out of control from the cloud base about 800 feet and then disintegrate, fragments were scattered for 1½ miles and both occupants were killed. Hand written carbon copy by Edna Barrie.Typed by Wendy Barrie March 2014 Last Flight of Jimmy Melrose by John Burke Parade Magazine July 1972 Page 2 –4 This article gives the take off time of 7.50 am from Essendon Airport Eyewitness account at the time Maisie Arthur’s description. Newspaper article. Edna Barrie at the site of the 'Cairn'local identities, local significant events

The Orungal was originally built in Glasgow in 1923 for the Khedival Mail Steamship & Graving Dock Company of Egypt and named the S.S. Fezara. Due to the effects on steamship companies of the Great Depression including the steep costs of building new ships and increases in running costs and port charges, no new passenger ships had been ordered in Australia since before World War One. To meet demand for passenger berths, the Fezara (5826 tons) along with its sister ship the Famaka (5856 tons, renamed Ormiston), were chartered by the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company Ltd (A.U.S.N.Co.) in 1927. Both the A.U.S.N.Co and the Khedival Mail Steamship Co. were part of the P&O Group. The Orungal operated in this role as an interstate passenger and mail steamer between 1927 and 1940, being used mainly on the Melbourne to Queensland and Western Australian runs, with 240 single class berths. Following the outbreak of World War Two six of the nine large passenger liners servicing mainland Australian passenger and mail trades were requisitioned by the Government to ferry equipment, troops and supplies. Some of them were converted to armed merchant cruisers and used for patrol work and escort duties in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Orungal had originally been requisitioned by the government along with the Zealandia on 25 June 1940, to transport troops to Darwin, but was returned to commercial service because "of her unsuitability", perhaps too slow for the demands of the work. Despite being rejected for patrol and convoy duties the Orungal still had a vital role as one of only three passenger liners left to service the mainland Australian trade. Following its requisitioning by the Government shortly after war broke out, it had been fitted out with defensive armament. On its final voyage arriving at Port Phillip Heads from Sydney, Captain Gilling was attempting to enter the Heads ahead of a worsening south-westerly storm and, with a minefield known to have been laid in the area, had been warned by the Navy not to deviate from the swept channel. The captain and crew held fears that in the stormy seas a mine may have been carried away. In the worsening weather a blur of lights at Barwon Heads was mistaken for Port Lonsdale, and the Orungal steamed ashore onto Formby Reef, just east of the entrance of the Barwon River - instead of passing safely through the middle of the Rip. At the Marine Board Inquiry Capt. Gilling - who had been master of the Orungal since 1926 - stated that after becoming uneasy about his position and changing course to starboard one point: " At 10.21 pm I ordered the engine room to stand by and gave instructions for the patent log to be hauled in and for the sounding-gear to be got ready. Approximately two minutes later, in a flash of lightning, I saw land off the port beam. I immediately recognised it as Barwon Heads, and ordered the helm to be put hard to starboard, but the vessel struck before she had time to answer the helm" Barwon Heads and Ocean Grove residents were startled to hear the shrill blast of the ship's whistle, followed by the bright flares and explosions of signal rockets. The Queenscliff lifeboat crew, who had responded to the tragic collision between the Goorangai and another passenger liner the Duntroon in Port Phillip Bay less than 24 hours earlier, were later praised for their efforts in safely taking off all the passengers and crew. Most of the passengers were asleep at the time of the wreck, and were woken up by the commotion, the ship shaking "from stem to stern" and stewards ordering them to lifeboat stations in driving rain. It was a dramatic time with the ship siren wailing and distress rockets being fired. It was reported that "When it was found the ship was safe, the passengers all went to the music room. There they sang and danced for several hours. The ship's orchestra played merrily, and amateur performers among the passengers clowned, danced and sang to keep the laughter going. In the early hours of the morning passengers went to their cabins, most of them to sleep soundly while the keel grated on the rocks". At dawn the Queenscliff lifeboat arrived at the scene having been launched at 2.30am, and cautiously approached the ship which was being "battered by mountainous seas". By 5am oil from a burst oil line was helping to calm seas around the Orungal sufficiently enough for the lifeboat to approach, and all the passengers and crew were taken off in several trips by the lifeboat. A Court of Inquiry later found that the wreck was caused by an abnormal set of current to the north-west and cleared the officers and crew of neglect of duty. The sight of a huge liner almost on the beach saw an unprecedented amount of traffic as people drove an estimated 10,000 cars, using some 60,000 gallons of fuel in a time of strict petrol rationing, to see the spectacle. Salvage operations began in an attempt to refloat the vessel, scheduled for the high tide on 15 December 1940. However, during these operations, at 2.30 am on 13 December 1940, a major fire broke out, believed to have been caused by spontaneous combustion in the boiler room. The ship was soon ablaze, with smoke pouring from its hatches and ventilators, and at mid-morning the magazine exploded fiercely. Of the 60 men working aboard the vessel two were severely burned and had to be taken to Geelong Hospital. The gathered spectators witnessed the eerie sight of the ship's hull glowing red when night fell. The well-known building demolition contractor Whelan the Wrecker bought the salvage rights, and methodically proceeded to dismantle the ship and its fittings. The drama was not yet over for the wreckers when - without warning - the burnt-out hulk was 'attacked' by RAAF for strafing practice. Salvage rights were transferred to another private owner in 1963. By 1945 the combined effects of the exposed location, fire and salvage had seen what was left of the wreck disappear beneath the waves. The site today is marked by two of the four Scotch type boilers sitting upright and exposed at low tide, just north-east of the small boats channel at the entrance to Barwon Heads. Large sections of steel hull plating and framing, and impressively large pieces of ships structure and machinery including masts, booms, deck winches, propeller shaft, flywheel, and a thrust block lie scattered about and make the site an interesting shallow dive. It is interesting to compare the site of the Orungal with the intact remains of similar large passenger ships scuttled in deep water in the Ships' Graveyard, such as the Milora and Malaita. The site is subject to waves and surge, and is best dived on flat calm days The teacup originated from the SS Orungal and was likely used heavily in the ship's life as a passenger, mail and cargo carrier around Australia. The teacup is significant for its connections to SS Orungal and of this ships connected story of being sunk in extraordinary circumstances in the local region. A.U.S.N. Co. Ltd. Teacup salvaged from SS Orungal ss orungal, fezara, world war two, barwon heads, ocean grove

The Rescue and Journey of the Schomberg Bells: This bell was the smaller of two rescued by the crew of the Schomberg following the ship’s wreck in 1855. While the specific purpose of the smaller bell is unknown, it may have served to assemble the crew or signal mealtimes on board. After surviving the shipwreck, the crew carried both bells as they made their way along the coastline. Their journey eventually led them to the home of settler John Manning, located at Hopkins Point near Warrnambool. Manning took possession of the bells and subsequently presented them to two churches in Warrnambool. The smaller bell went to St Joseph’s Catholic Church, while the larger bell went to St John’s Presbyterian Church. After around a year, the small bell at St Joseph’s developed a crack and became unusable. Thomas Manifold imported a replacement bell for the church, and the damaged bell was stored at his farm. Years later, when the property was sold to John Logan, the discarded bell was donated to the old Warrnambool Museum upon its opening in 1886. The Curator, Joseph Archibald, placed the bell on display in the entry. In 1975, it was transferred from the Warrnambool Art Gallery to Flagstaff Hill. The ’Mystery’ of the small bell solved: Despite numerous attempts by the staff at Flagstaff Hill to restore the bell’s lustre, the bell remained dull and tarnished. In October 1986, Director Peter Ronald decided to send the bell for professional advice. The bell was entrusted to Briggs Marine Products, a renowned brass founder established in 1912. Upon examination, the specialists at Briggs discovered the reason behind the bell’s persistent lack of shine: it had originally been silver-plated, but most of the plating had worn away over time. The experts at Briggs then undertook the task of restoring the bell, successfully returning it to a gleaming silver surface. The Sailing Ship Schomberg: Launched in 1855, the Schomberg was regarded as the “Noblest” ship afloat at the time. Owned by the Black Ball Line, it was built for their passenger fleet by Alexander Hall of Aberdeen at a cost of £43,103. The construction featured three skins: one planked fore and aft and two diagonally planked, all fastened with screw-threaded trunnels (wooden rails). The ship’s First Class accommodation was luxurious, boasting velvet pile carpets, large mirrors, rosewood, birds-eye maple and mahogany timbers, satin damask soft furnishings, and an oak-lined library with a piano. Schomberg had a capacity for 1,000 passengers. The ship’s master, Captain James Nicol Forbes—also known as ‘Bully’ Forbes—was only 34 years old at the launch. He had a reputation for setting and breaking speed records on the Black Ball Line’s Marco Polo and Lightning. In 1852, Forbes completed the London to Melbourne journey on the Marco Polo in 68 days, a record at the time, though 53 passengers died during the voyage. In 1854, he sailed the Lightning to Melbourne in 76 days and returned in only 63 days—a record that stood among sailing ships. Forbes was known for driving his ship and crew to their limits, often prioritising speed over passenger comfort. Determined to set new records, he promised to reach Melbourne in sixty days, declaring he would do so “with or without the help of God.” The Maiden Voyage and the Wreck: Schomberg departed Liverpool on 6th October 1855, flying a banner that read “Sixty Days to Melbourne”. The vessel carried 430 passengers and 3,000 tons of cargo, including materials to build the Melbourne to Geelong Railway and a bridge over the Yarra River. Among the cargo were a cow for fresh milk, pens for fowls and pigs, and 90,000 gallons of water for drinking and washing. Additionally, it transported 17,000 letters and 31,800 newspapers. The ship and cargo were insured for $300,000, a considerable sum for the era. Poor winds while crossing the equator delayed Schomberg’s progress. Land was first sighted on Christmas Day at Cape Bridgewater near Portland. Captain Forbes followed the coastline towards Melbourne, but was reportedly playing cards when the third mate, Henry Keen, reported land only three miles away. The ship ran aground on a sand spit near Curdie’s Inlet (approximately 56 km west of Cape Otway) on 26th December 1855, after 78 days at sea. The sand spit and nearby currents were not marked on Forbes’s map. During the night, the crew launched a lifeboat to search for a safe landing spot for the passengers. The scouting party advised Forbes to wait until morning, as rough seas posed a danger to the lifeboats. At dawn, the ship’s Chief Officer spotted the SS Queen and signalled for help. The master of the Queen brought his vessel alongside, and all passengers and crew disembarked safely. The Black Ball Line’s Melbourne agent sent another steamer to collect the passengers’ baggage, and other steamers assisted with cargo salvage until worsening weather forced operations to cease. Notably, a plunderer later recovered a case of Wellington boots, but all were for the left foot. The wreck and its cargo were sold to local merchants Manifold & Bostock, who did not attempt further salvage. They later sold their interest to a Melbourne businessman and two seafarers. In 1864, after two men drowned in their attempt to reach the Schomberg, salvage efforts were abandoned. By 1870, parts of the ship had washed ashore on New Zealand’s South Island. Today, the wreck is about nine metres below the surface. Although most woodwork has disintegrated, the vessel’s shape remains discernible due to the railway irons, girders, and framework. Various goods and materials from the ship are scattered nearby. The bell is particularly significant in that along with other items from the wreck helped in part to having the legislation changed to protect shipwrecks, with far tighter controls being employed to oversee the salvaging of wreck sites. This bell forms part of the Schomberg collection at Flagstaff Hill maritime museum. The collection as a whole is of historical and archaeological significance at a State level. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from the Schomberg is also significant for its association with the Victorian Heritage Registered Schomberg shipwreck (VHR S 612). The collection is of additional significance because of the relationship between the objects salvaged, as together they help us to interpret the story of the Schomberg. The collection as a whole is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria's maritime history and its potential to interpret social and historical themes from society at the time of the wreck. A small ship’s bell. The silver-plated metal bell bears the ship’s name and year of construction on one side and the name and address of the ship’s builders on the other. These details are deeply engraved into the metal and formed in bold, upper-case lettering. The bell has two bell stands: the left and the right. Both stands have an Iron pipe bent into an inverted ‘Y’ shape, with a hole along its length and feet attached to a rectangular metal plate at the other two ends. Feet are bolted to a timber base that has a hole drilled through the centre for mounting. Bell's front; “SCHOMBERG” with “1855” below. Bell's back “HALL & SONS (crack splits letter “N”) / BUILDERS (in italics) / ABERDEEN” (crack splits letter “B”).flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, schomberg, silver plated bell, mess bell, bell stands, captain ‘bully’ forbes, alexander hall and son, james baines and company, liverpool’s black ball line, bell, schomberg bell, ship's bell, small bell, st joseph's church, briggs marine, john manning, john logan, warrnambool museum, briggs foundry, silver bell