To be fashionable, and possibly improve vision at the same time, the pince nez style of glasses became popular. The 'Fits-u' design has a mounting that allowed the bridge to stay solid, whilst the springs in the nose pads allowed for removal (unlike pince nez which had a springs in the bridge). Although complete, this box includes models with different distance dimensions and the height of the bridge, with these figures are etched onto the lenses. An order table is included in the box with the pupillary distance and height so the catalogue number and quality and quantity of each size can be ordered by the dispenser. The pupillary distance is used to design spectacle frames.Canvas box which includes display models of different dimensions of pince nez Handwritten on the back: James Korp Backhouse (?) 1904 Ophthalmic Optician & Optometristassistive devices, american optical company

Educational teaching chart used at the Northern District School of Nursing, Rowan Street, Bendigo. The Northern District School of Nursing opened in 1950 in to address the issues around nurse recruitment, training and education that had previously been hospital based. The residential school was to provide theoretical and in-house education and practical training over three years. The students would also receive practical hands-on training in the wards of associated hospitals. The Northern District School of Nursing operated from Lister House, Rowan Street, Bendigo. It was the first independent school of nursing in Victoria and continued until it closed in 1989. Coloured educational chart of The Eye. Off white paper with canvas backing, wooden header and footer. Printed at the top of the poster - THE EYE The poster has one large, numbered diagram and three smaller numbered diagrams of an eye, labeled - A VERTICAL SECTION OF EYE - B MUSCELS OF THE EYEBALL - C VISION DEFECTS AND CORRECTION - D HORIZONTAL SECTION OF EYEBALL. There are numbered descriptions for each diagram. Printed at the lower left - EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTIONS LTD c 1967 AB7 PRINTED IN ENGLAND Printed in the lower middle - AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY (obscured). . northern district school of nursing, lister house, nurse training, educational chart, the eye, american optical company, educational productions limited

Educational teaching chart used at the Northern District School of Nursing, Rowan Street, Bendigo. The Northern District School of Nursing opened in 1950 in to address the issues around nurse recruitment, training and education that had previously been hospital based. The residential school was to provide theoretical and in-house education and practical training over three years. The students would also receive practical hands-on training in the wards of associated hospitals. The Northern District School of Nursing operated from Lister House, Rowan Street, Bendigo. It was the first independent school of nursing in Victoria and continued until it closed in 1989. Coloured educational chart of The Eye. Off white paper with canvas backing, wooden header and footer. Written on the rear of the poster DR. ROBINSON Printed at the top of the poster - THE EYE The poster has one large, numbered diagram and three smaller numbered diagrams of an eye, labeled - A VERTICAL SECTION OF EYE - B MUSCELS OF THE EYEBALL - C VISION DEFECTS AND CORRECTION - D HORIZONTAL SECTION OF EYEBALL. There are numbered descriptions for each diagram. Printed at the lower left - EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTIONS LTD c 1967 AB7 PRINTED IN ENGLAND Printed in the lower middle - AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY . northern district school of nursing, lister house, nurse training, educational chart, the eye, american optical company, educational productions limited

How widely the prisoptometer was used is unclear but the Standard Optical Company later patented a new model, The Standard Prisoptometer, on June 21, 1904. Edward Jackson's crossed cylinder technique of determining astigmatism was first detailed in the Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society (1887)4:595-598. The convenience of Jackson's crossed cylinder lenses over the prisoptometer in weight, cost, portability and reliability meant that they were soon almost universally adopted.This is a rare item as few are known world wide.This instrument is an optometer, that is, a device to measure the refractive error of an eye. It is made of cast iron, steel, brass and glass. It contains a prism which could be rotated, and was used to view a disc or an object circle. The prism caused monocular doubling of the object circle and the separation of the two images varied as the prism rotated, depending on the astigmatism present. The axis of the astigmatism was indicated by the prisoptometer and trial lenses were used to determine the the magnitude of the spherical and cylindrical refractive errorImprinted:"DR CULBERTSON'S PRISOPTOMETER/ GENEVA OPTICAL COMPANY MAKERS, GENEVA, N.Y./ PATENTED SEPT, 21, 1886". Stamped "853" on eyepiece and lens mounting.optometry, prisoptometer, optometer, astigmatism, refractive error, refraction, culbertson