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This specimen was found in Cape Patterson, Vic. Cape Paterson is a cape and seaside village located near the town of Wonthaggi, 132 kilometres southeast of Melbourne, in the Bass Coast Shire of Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. These dark, fossiliferous Mudstones were deposited in slow-moving water associated with sedimentary basins & continental shelves. They are rich in carbon which makes them almost black. This is typical of an anoxic, reducing environment such as deep water or stagnant conditions where carbon-rich material would remain unoxidised during subsequent deposition & diagenesis. it has an imprint of a leaf in the rock itself, displaying the fossil of the plant. This specimen is unique due to the leaf impression within the stone itself. Imprint fossils are formed from an organism moving in some way, leaving behind a trace or track. These tracks are preserved when the clay/silt dries slowly and is covered by other sediment. Plants can also leave imprint fossils when they are covered by sediment. The leaf tissue degrades, leaving an imprint of where the leaf once was. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.These dark, fossiliferous Mudstones were deposited in slow moving water associated with sedimentary basins & continental shelves. They are rich in carbon which makes them almost black. This is typical of an anoxic, reducing environment such as deep water or stagnant conditions where carbon rich material would remain unoxidised during subsequent deposition & diagenesis. FOSSILIFEROUS MUDSTONE / Locality: Cape Patterson, Victoria | Descriptive catalogue / Pg 27 No 95 / "Grey Clay, / Cape Paterson with leaf impressions' / 15/4/21 C. William /mudstone, cape patterson, leaf imprint, fossilised leaf, fossiliferous mudstone

Bituminous coal is the most common type of coal, abundantly found in ancient coal deposits which can be dated back millions of years. Often referred to as soft or black coal, this specimen exhibits a high carbon content, ranging from 76-86%. It also holds a relatively high energy density (27 MJ/kg) meaning that it releases significant amounts of energy when burned. Bituminous coal is most commonly used for electricity generation, as well as in the production of steel. This particular piece of coal was collected as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria in the nineteenth century. It originates from Cape Paterson, a seaside village located in South Gippsland, Victoria (located on Bunurong Country). The discovery of bituminous coal in this locality was first made in 1826 by explorer William Hovell. More discoveries were gradually made over the following decades and in 1859 the Victorian Coal Company commenced the first active coal mining operations in the state by sinking a number of shafts and bores near the area of Cape Paterson. Evidence of this coal-focused past can be found today at the State Coal Mine Museum in the nearby town of Wonthaggi. This specimen is significant as it was collected from the locality of Cape Paterson in Victoria, an area that has since become historically instrumental in the mining of coal and other substances in the state of Victoria. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A solid hand-sized piece of bituminous coal with a shiny black-grey surface and jagged edges.Existing Label: BITUMINOUS COAL / Locality: Cape / Patterson, VIC. burke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, state coal mine museum, wonthaggi coal mine, victorian coal company, bituminous coal, coal victoria, coal energy generation, william hovell, cape paterson, coal specimen

The Grinton Collection. Coming into Cape Town on HMAT Karmala during voyage home 1919. Refer Cat No. 1280 for Jack Grintons service details.Photograph framed. Photograph - black and white photograph on paper depicting a wharf and dock side scene with buildings and three ship's funnels beyond. "WELCOME BRAVE BOYS" painted on side of building. Frame - Timber, light varnish finish, Perspex front, cardboard backing."Group 5: Quota - Journey Home". "K. HMAT Karmala in Cape Town".framed accesssories, camera on the somme, ww1, 38th bn, grinton, hmat karmala

Post card Boer War sent from South Africa by Otto J LUCKWALL, 5th Vic Mounted Rifles to his sister. Otto was from Bendigo. The card has pressed leaves & photo inside. Fawn cardboard two page folded card with gold lettering on front. Sepia photo inside front cover of camp scene with soldier standing on guard with rifle. trenches in foreground, Three pressed leaves inside. Back cover with red, white & blue bow joining the leaves at their stems.Printed on cover: “Everlasting Silver Leaves From Table Mountain Cape Town South Africa” On L leaf: “Loving Greetings” On R leaf: “To my dear sister” cards, boer war, silver leaves

.2) On rear in purple pen is an extensive letter from Couillet Belgium from James to Mother & Father. Photo relates to an Orderly Room & the men are from 57th, 58th & 59th Battalions. James Worland MILLS No 3441 59th Battalion is first on the L standing, the others are from the 57th, 58th Battalions. Refer Cat No 169P for his service details..1) Post card photo, sepia, showing a troopship in harbour. .2) Post card photo, sepia, showing a group of 6 soldiers, 3 sitting / 3 standing with a brick building in the background..1) “HMT SVERRE CAPE TOWN” .2) On front in purple appears to be: “Sincerely yours James”photographs, 57th, 58th, 59th

The camera belonged to "Jack Grinton" No 1043, 38th Batt AIF. This was Jacks second camera that he bought after buying his first camera in Cape Town on the way to England in 1916. Part of the Grinton collection which contained hundreds of negatives and photos that he took during WW1. Refer Cat No 1280 for service details. Refer 1316.2, 1317P, 1320P..1 Camera No 1A Autographic Kodak JR. Aluminium frame with dark brown leather covering. Leather carrying straps on one end. .2 Cable .3 CableOn small brass plate: "JF Duthie 13 So Dt David St EDINBURGH"photography, camera, grinton, ww1

The original photo was in a collection that belonged to Charles Walter McLeod No 944, C Coy 38th Batt AIF. He served with Jack Grinton. Jack bought his first camera in Cape Town on the way to England. By wars end he had taken hundreds of photos. Refer Cat No 1280 for service details. Refer 1320P, 1319.3.Copy of original photo of Jack Grinton in uniform with possibly his first camera. Typed notes underneath. The original photo was taken in England in 1916. photography, military

Apollo Bay is a coastal town in southwestern Victoria. It is situated on the eastern side of Cape Otway, along the edge of the Barham River and on the Great Ocean Road, in the Colac Otway Shire. The original township was surveyed in 1853 and named Middleton. In 1881 the town was renamed Krambruk which was changed to Apollo Bay in 1898. The Krambruk Police Station was opened on 7 March 1888 in the Southern District on land opposite the site of the current Mechanics' Institute and changed its name to the Apollo Bay Police Station on 1 September 1990. It came under the Barwon District in 1948 and "Lima" Western District from 4 March 1990. In 1930 the police station was located to 29 Nelson Street. It was a seven-roomed weather-board dwelling on three-quarters of an acre of land. It consisted of six rooms of pine, lined and painted; one pantry; one bathroom and wash-house; one hall; one office and one W.C.. There was stabling for one horse and one cell for prisoners. It was staffed by one Mounted Constable. In the early 1970s land was acquired at 31 Nelson Street and a new police station was constructed. This was a three-roomed brick building with a cell block at the rear. By the time it closed in 2005 it had been extended twice. On 17 November 2006 the current Apollo Bay Police Station opened in its current location at 35a Nelson Street, on the corner of Cartwight Street). Outside the peak summer season, the station is open 16 hours per day and staffed by one sergeant and five other members. 3 black & white photos and 2 coloured photospolice stations; apollo bay police station

Cape Town and its Harbour - the Metropolis and Sea-port of South Africa Stereoscope #4 from a boxed set "For Queen and Flag: South Africa 1900" by Underwood and Underwood, Publishers Works and Studios: Arlington NJ; Littleton NH; Washington DCstereoscope, boer war, south africa, capetown

First Roll Call in South Africa. Yorkshire Battalion, Cape Town Stereoscope #5 from a boxed set "For Queen and Flag: South Africa 1900" by Underwood and Underwood, Publishers Works and Studios: Arlington NJ; Littleton NH; Washington DCstereoscope, boer war, south africa, capetown, yorkshire battalion

Busy scenes on the Wharf, Cape Town, South Africa Stereoscope #6 from a boxed set "For Queen and Flag: South Africa 1900" by Underwood and Underwood, Publishers Works and Studios: Arlington NJ; Littleton NH; Washington DCstereoscope, boer war, south africa, capetown

Compiled from photos sent to Wal Jack from various correspondents of various locations and lines within Liverpool, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Manchester, Leeds, London, Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Coventry, Bath, Sheffield, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Newcastle, Gateshead, Sunderland, Aberdeen, Dundee, Belfast, Bolton, Blackpool, Johannesburg, Calcutta, Durban, Pretoria, java, Heliopolis, Cairo and Cape Town. Each photo has been scanned and detailed. Has a strong association with Wal Jack and tramway developments until 1964 and given their extent it is of particular significance. Features United Kingdom and South African trams.Grey covered photograph album with word "Photographs on front cover, with large blue band binding, light brown paper inside covers holding some 27 sheets of card on which photos have been mounted using photo corners of various types, captions in white ink. Has some 176 black and white photographs and some colour photographs / postcards. Includes some loose illustrations of trams cut from magazines etc. trams, tramways, uk trams, south africa

The First Fleet comprised the 11 ships that departed from Portsmouth, England on 13 May 1787 to New South Wales, the penal colony that became the first European settlement in Australia. The First Fleet consisted of two Royal Navy vessels, three store ships and six convict transports, carrying between 1,000 and 1,500 convicts, marines, seamen, civil officers and free people (accounts differ on the numbers), and a large quantity of stores. From England, the Fleet sailed south-west to Rio de Janeiro, then east to Cape Town and via the Great Southern Ocean to Botany Bay (Australia), arriving over the period of 18–20 January 1788, taking 250 to 252 days from departure to final arrival. During the period 25–26 January 1788 the fleet moved from Botany Bay to present-day Sydney.A poster listing the names of men and women who landed with the first fleet including provisions and livestockThe First Fleet 1788the first fleet, botany bay, sydney

The now defunct Golden Wattle Festival was celebrated each Spring in Maryborough, and was an important part of the town's cultural history.The cape forms part of the Golden Wattle festival collection of memorabilia held by the society.Gold lame cape or cloak with collar (tied with bow) and train. Scalloped edges are decorated with diamente borders.

The British Royal Navy’s warship HMS Victory was once Lord Nelson’s flagship. The HMS Victory was built in 1765 and after serving active duty is now, in 2019, still a ship of the Royal Navy, in dry dock undergoing continuous restoration to preserve her for display as a museum ship, due to the vessel’s significant naval history. Battle of Trafalgar: On October 21, 1805, twenty-seven British ships of the line, led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory, defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under French Admiral Villeneuve. The battle took place in the Atlantic Ocean off the southwest coast of Spain, just west of Cape Trafalgar, near the town of Los Caños de Meca. The victory confirmed the naval supremacy Britain had established during the course of the eighteenth century and it was achieved in part through Nelson's departure from the prevailing naval tactical orthodoxy of the day. Conventional practice at the time was for opposing fleets to engage each other in single parallel lines, in order to facilitate signalling and disengagement and to maximise fields of fire and target areas. Nelson instead arranged his ships into two columns to sail perpendicularly into the enemy fleet's line. During the battle, Nelson was shot by a French musketeer and he died shortly before the battle ended. Villeneuve was captured, along with his ship Bucentaure. He later attended Nelson's funeral while a captive on parole in Britain. Admiral Federico Gravina, the senior Spanish flag officer, escaped with the remnant of the fleet. He died five months later from wounds sustained during the battle. It was prior to this battle that Nelson had issued his now-famous final orders to his ships in 12 separate flag-hoists “England expects that every man will do his duty”. This wood sample is historically significant for its association with Admiral Lord Nelson the Battle of Trafalgar. Through Nelson’s leadership and unorthodox battle tactics, he secured not only a victory against the French and Spanish but reaffirmed Britain's naval supremacy opening the way for Britain to continuing the policy of colonisation of many countries including Australia.A coloured postcard of a sailing ship, warship or battleship, deck cannons on the ship and in the foreground, many signal flags flying from the masts. Printed on the front "H.M.S. Victory Flying Lord Nelson Famous Signal". The signal was given by Lord Nelson in 1805.Printed on the front "H.M.S. Victory / Flying Lord Nelson Famous Signal"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, post card, postcard, sailing ship, vice-admiral lord nelson, horatio nelson, lord nelson, oak piece, piece of oak, nelson, battle of trafalgar, maritime technology, ship relics, 18th century warship, british royal navy, sir home popham’s telegraphic code, admiralty official day signal book, october 21, 1805, admiral lord nelson, french and spanish navies, nelson's famous signal, england expects that every man will do his duty, hms victory, nelson collection at lloyd's, lloyd’s of london, lloyd’s patriotic fund, napoleonic battles, british naval history, 18th century warship, 18th century battleship