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Ringwood RSL Sub-Branch
Trench Art - Ammunition, Chrome plated shell casing
Chrome plated shell casingCoat of arm, Australia. S8/17. -
Dandenong/Cranbourne RSL Sub Branch
Memorabilia - Trenchart, Trenchart chrome vase
Chromed artillery shell. with Rising Sun Badge attached.Badge inscribed with Australian Commonwealth Military Force. Dated 1916 W29 on base of shell. -
The 5th/6th Battalion Royal Victoria Regiment Historical Collection
Weapon - Sword, patt 1896, infantry officer w/ chrome scabbord
Ceremonial sword carried by officers on paradeStraight Blade, fuller edge side , 3/4 hand guard "GVR" cypher, ray skin grip - wire bound, no sword knot, chrome scabbard with . Scabbard markings "6MD 107" "PW" on opposite side outer hand guard "3MD 106" 10/133MD 10/13ceremonial sword, infantry, 5/6 rvr -
Victorian Maritime Centre
Sugar Spoon
The souvenir chrome plated sugar spoon was purchased sometime during a cruise by an unknown person. It is part of a cruise liner collection by D. Benson and Family over a period of years. D. Benson sold part of the collection to the V.M.C who purchased the remaining part. It is a great source of information to visitors to the V.M.C. At the time of ocean liner holiday cruising, many people purchased these souvenirs to keep or give away as gifts.Rare chrome plated sugar spoon with badge on top of fancy zig-zag handle. Badge has R.M.S Maloja & P & O Flag with crown.Chrome platesouvenir, r.m.s maloja -
Ringwood RSL Sub-Branch
Souvenir - Badges RAAF 50 mm round
Badges RAAF 50 mm round chromedRAAF button chromed -
Trafalgar Holden Museum
Vehicle - EK Holden special sedan 1961, 1961
EK series replaced the FB series, first Holden car to offer automatic transmission as a standard optionManufactured by GMH 1961 - 62Green body white roof chrome bumpers and trimGreen with white roof, chrome grille and bumper. Chrome strip along both sidesek series, holden, vehicle -
National Wool Museum
Tool - Pullover
Chrome plated pullover used to close wool bales. In early use at Strachans (a lighter, simple long handled hook was used later). Chrome plated tool with wood handle. Tool pivots at two points and has hooks on the end. The wood handle also has string binding. chrome, baling hook, pullover, tool, sheep, wool, industry -
Rutherglen Historical Society
Ladle, A.B.C. Eng. Co, c1938
Owned and used by Mrs Daisy ParkinLadle with rusted metal base, chrome plated handle surmounted by red and cream wooden handleA.B.C. Eng. Co. Chrome Platedkitchenware -
8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles Regimental Collection
Weapon - SLR Bolt cover
These Bolt covers have been chromed and form part of a collection of rifle parts prepared for the guard to the guidons at a parade at Puckapunyal November 1985.Two Chrome plated bolt covers for SLR rifle.slr, ceremonial, parade, guard, vmr -
Trafalgar Holden Museum
Vehicle - 1958 FC Holden special
Changes over earlier FE model were minimal and primarily cosmeticAs manufactured by GMH4 door sedan, blue in colour chrome features including side strips, grille and bumpers and headlight surrounds.Holden emblem boot centre chrome lettering on bonnet, holden emblem grille centre special with Holden emblem on rear quarter panelsvehicle, fc, sedan, holden -
Mont De Lancey
Domestic object - Mustard Pot, Cromplate, Unknown
This pot is part of a three piece condiment set which has a Guernsey coat of arms insignia badge attached. See entry 3531 for Salt and Pepper Shakers in this set. It was used in the 1900's and was originally owned by Edward Lloyd Mauger.A small vintage chrome plated mustard pot with a basket weave outer container and a cobalt blue glass insert to hold the mustard. There is no lid or spoon. On one side is attached a blue, red and gold with three lions Guernsey coat of Arms badge.'Guernsey' is stamped on the badge. 'Cromplate' is stamped on the production label underneath the chrome outer container.tableware, food containers, condiment sets, mustard pots -
Sunshine and District Historical Society Incorporated
Trench Art, Stewart Noble, BULLET SPOON, Circa 1940
This piece of functional Trench Art was made by Stewart Noble during World War 2 (circa 1940) while serving on a Mine Sweeper among the Pacific Islands. It is believed that the bullet spoon was chrome plated after the war, while he worked at the Government Aircraft Factory. Trench art is described as any decorative item made by soldiers, prisoners of war, or civilians where the manufacture is directly linked to a war. The making of trench art was a popular past time during leisure hours at the front, where skilled military personnel created the items. Common examples of trench art are decorated shell and bullet casings, and items carved from wood and bone. Trench art has been in existence since the Napoleonic wars however it was most common during World War 1, and to a lesser extent during World War 2. This bullet spoon has historic significance because it is an example of the type of functional or artistic small items, that were made from war scrap during spare time by soldiers or other personnel associated with a war. This particular item indicates that a reasonably high degree of skill was required to make the bullet spoon.Chrome plated teaspoon with a discharged .303 bullet for the handle.trench art, bullet spoon, .303 bullet, stewart noble, war souvenier, chrome teaspoon -
Frankston RSL Sub Branch
Souvenir Ashtray
Miniature model of a WW2 era Avro Anson twin engine aircraft mounted on an ashtray. The aircraft is supported by a curved arm attached to the circular ashtray base. The base has a small metal RAAF 'winged eagle' insignia attached to the front edge. The items have been made from chromed metal materials. The RAAF was equipped with Avro Anson aircraft in the late 1930 period prior to WW2. These aircraft were used by the RAAF for general and maritime reconnaissance and training throughout WW2 and into the early 1950s. The first version of the Avro Anson was developed in 1935 by the British Avro aircraft company.Chromed metal RAAF 'winged eagle' insignia on the front edge of the base.plane, trench art, ashtray, aircraft, souvenir, avro anson -
Parks Victoria - Mount Buffalo Chalet
Spittoon
Probably original to Mt Buffalo Chalet. Listed in the Draft Inventory of Significant Collection items. Appendix A.3, Snow sports equipment and other recreational items. (Pg 166 Historica). "Smoker's were well-catered for at the Chalet, and Smoking Rooms in similar resort establishments were considered to be a necessary facility. A guest house in the Blue Mountains in 1905 offered the' full comforts of a refined home' with views, spacious verandahs, tennis court and smoking room. James Boyce commented on expectorating smokers in the the Chalet's public rooms and recommended the provision of spittoons." (Pg 101. Historica) PROV . Undated photo of bedroom sitting room with same chrome ashtray, there are 3 in the MBC Collection. (Fif 52. Pg 63 Historica) Similar ashtray sighted on Ebay listed as Victorian Railways Spitoon, February 2012.3 x Brass and chrome standing spittoons with bulbous bases and bowl on a stem. -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Tool - Magill's laryngoscope, A Charles Kind, Ltd
This object is Magill's adaptation of the battery handle in the form of an "inserting tracheoscope". Introduced in 1935 for one-lung anaesthesia, it is combined with an endotracheal tube, the central part of which is a latex-covered wire spiral, and a bronchus blocker. In use, the tube was fixed to the holder and the whole apparatus inserted as a ttracheoscope. At the carina, the blocker was inserted into the bronchus and the balloon (now perished in this example) inflated. The holder was then removed leaving the endotracheal tube and blocker in place. The bronchus blocker consists of gum elastic on woven silver wire and has a suction channel opening at the tip. in other stages of development of Magill's laryngoscope, the original pattern blade was adapted to the battery handle, at first in a fixed arrangement and then with interchangeable blades of different sizes. Later still, the folding handle was introduced.This U-shaped chrome plated laryngoscope comprises an endotracheal tube used to facilitate access to the patient's airway, wire spring attachments and a cylindrical handle with provisions for battery to illuminate inside the body during use.Embossed on the central shaft of the item is 'A Charles King, Ltd', the maker's details.laryngoscope, anaesthesia, macgills, chrome, battery, a charles kind ltd -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Ash Tray, c1944
Base and plane from Bruce Reynolds estate. Cleaned and assembled by Ted Arrowsmith and plane and tray joined together with a new fitted chrome rod for support.|Plane made during by a member of the R.A.A.F as a recreational activity using hand tools. Generally they were nickel plated on returning home.Small brass caste of an aircraft, hand finished and then nickel plated by a serviceman on active service. Silver in colour with red, white and blue R.A.A.F. roundals. Mounted on a chrome rod fixed to the ash traymetalcraft, electroplated nickel silver, personal effects, smoking accessories -
Trafalgar Holden Museum
Vehicle - HB Torana
This car was introduced to replace the BA model Vauxhall Viva (Sept 68 - Oct 69) Total production numbers were 36561, including exports.Built and sold by Holden in Australia.Gold coloured 4 door sedan, black bumper strips low on both sides of the car, chrome door handles, mirror and bumper bars.Torona badge front quarter panel both left and right hand side, boot lid RHS checkered plate with the number 70 on, and below that the Torana name with SL .On LHS chrome petrol filler cap. Grille centre Holden emblem.vehicle, torana, holden -
J. Ward Museum Complex
Instrument - Autopsy Set
A number of autopsy instruments in a wooden boxInstruments chrome platedautopsy, instruments, post mortem -
Frankston RSL Sub Branch
Trench Art
Made by Cpl. Charlie Dawes 116777 R.A.A.F from parts got while serving at Goodenough and Thursday Isalnds WW2Miniature model of a WW2 era Lockheed P-38 Lightning twin engine aircraft mounted on a trench art ashtray made from various used munitions. This model was made during WW2 by Corporal Cyril 'Charlie' Dawes, RAAF service number 116777, from parts found whilst serving at Goodenough and Thursday Islands in the Torres Strait. The aircraft is supported by a 0.50 inch calibre bullet fixed to the inside of a section of an artillery case which forms the base. The base has three 0.303 inch calibre bullets attached vertically around the circumference and a metal matchbox holder with a RAAF hat badge insignia attached to the front. The items have been made from chromed metal materials. The RAAF was equipped with a small number of these aircraft, commencing in 1942, which were used for front line photographic reconnaissance duty. The first version of the Lockheed P-38 was introduced in 1941 by the USA Lockheed aircraft company as a heavy fighter.RAAF chrome cap badge (WW2 era with the kings crown)plane, trench art, ashtray -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Tool - Chevalier Jackson's laryngoscope, circa. 1901
Chevalier Jackson was a surgeon who designed this laryngoscope. Jackson contributed a number of important innovations to direct laryngoscopy, while developing a unique mastery of the technique. Ultimately, he combined this endoscopic proficiency with open surgical techniques.The U-shaped laryngoscope comprises a moulded handle and a long endotracheal insert which has a small connector to allow for a light to illuminate the patient's throat. The item is chrome-plated.Engraved on connecting shaft: Jackson's Laryngoscope, 1901.laryngoscope, chevalier jackson, endoscope, anesthesia, distal illumination, chrome, 1901, jackson's -
Ringwood RSL Sub-Branch
Object - Syringe, Circa 1940s
Syringe in a tin with 2 hyperdermic needlesChrome metal syringe with millimetre gradients -
Bendigo Military Museum
Container - TIN WITH LID, pre WW2 possibly
This tin held a watch, 3 badges, news clipping, separate sheets. Relative to the service of S W ROSS VX78589, refer Cat No 3147 for his service details..1) Chrome plated tin. .2) Chrome plated lid for the tin.containers - domestic, military history, metalcraft - tinware -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Functional object - Ticket punch - Bell Punch - MT&OCo No. D406, Railway Register Manufacturing Company, 1885c
Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Co. Bell Punch No. D406. A heavy nickel or chrome plated steel ticket or fare strip canceling / registering mechanism used on Melbourne cable trams. When a fare was sold, the bell would ring advising the passenger that their fare have registered. "An ingenious device resembling in principle the ticket punch of a railway porter. It is carried by the conductor who wears pinned to his coat a 'trip-slip'. He punches this once for every fare received; the action is simultaneously registered on a dial inside the punch and bell rings to appraise the passenger of the fact. The punch is provided with a patent lock, the secret of which is known only at headquarters and effective system of check is thus secured." (" A story of the Melbourne Cable Tramway System" - page 54). Used by the MT&O and MMTB until 1922/23 when replaced by the check ticket system. Manufactured by the Railway Register Manufacturing Company. Has "MT&O Co. ..." stamped on one side along with patent dates.Demonstrates the equipment used by the Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Co. to register fares and provide an accounting method.Nickel or chrome plated steel ticket punch, used by the Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Co. stamped "MT&OCo" and "D406", c1885.ticket punch, tramways, trams, bell punch, tickets, fares, cable trams, railway register manufacturing company -
Highett RSL Sub Branch Inc
Memorabilia - Boswains Call:, PM6372 G W Wilson CPO RAN
Whistle ChromeMarked: G W Wilson -
Ringwood RSL Sub-Branch
Musical Instrument - Bugle, Brodey and Hawkes
Brass Bugle chromedRAN 5568 -
Ringwood RSL Sub-Branch
Equipment, 1939
Presented to men and maybe women who enlisted in the Australian Armed Forces in WW2. It is unknown if this was a one of to soldiers from the 2nd AIF who were leaving for service overseas.Chrome plated mirrorFrom the Mayor and Councillor's of Richmond presented to members of the 2nd AIF on 20th February 1940. -
Ringwood RSL Sub-Branch
Memorabilia - Trench art, Brass shell casing
Chrome Shell Case -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Functional object - Cigar Piercer
This cigar piercer belonged to Dr.William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by his daughter, Bernice McDade. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s T.S.S. Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church in that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr L Middleton was House Surgeon to the Nhill Hospital 1926-1933, when he resigned. [Dr Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr Edward saw patients at his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2 bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1884-1902 . He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan work as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. Dr Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10am, 2-4pm, 7-8pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June, 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII1942-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”.The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other items and equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery.Chrome Cigar Piercer'British Made. Pat No 238813/25.'flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, smoking, cigars, cigar piercer -
Clunes Museum
Plaque - NAME PLATE, CUMPSONS ENGRAVING WORKS PTY. LTD
NAME PLATE OF DOCTOR MARK FOWLER, RESIDENT DOCTOR IN CLUNES IN THE 1950 S.A CHROME DOCTORS NAME PLATEDR. MARK FOWLER PHYSICIAN & SURGEONlocal history, signs, medicine -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Equipment - Venous pressure manometer, 1953
Hand-made manometer is mounted on a flat, rectangular chrome platform. It comprises three valves labelled A, B and C. Valve C is connected to a glass measuring cylinder via a curved metal pipe. Item also includes a small spanner and brown plastic mock leather case with metal clasp, hinges and studs.Engraved into the floor of the device are the instructions on what valves to open and shut for 'infusion, fill and read'. Engraved on spanner: Geoffrey Kaye Engraved on clasp of case: Kaye BJ.2749anaesthesia, dr geoffrey kaye, manometer, venous pressure manometer, measurement, spanner, chrome, invention, manufacture