Bendigo Town Hall, Heritage Victoria ''A Goldfields Palace Blue Leaflet'' with coloured photographs and white text. Photographs courtesy of Westox Pty Ltd and the City of Greater Bendigo. 2002. Front page features the extensive work that would be undertaken for the restoration. A time line beginning 1851, gold discovered in Bendigo. 1854 German-born W. C. Vahland arrived in the colony. 1855 Town of Sandhurst (Bendigo) became a municipality. 1856 First Town Hall was a small timber building on View point. 1857 Vahland sets up his architectural practice with Robert Getzschmann. 1859 A new, two-storey Italianate Town hall designed by George Fletcher, Town Surveyor, was built. 1866-77 Two-storey extension added to the north of the building to house the council chamber. 1871-72 Addition of the Corn Exchange comprising two storeys and a basement to the north of the building. 1878-87 Major remodelling of the exterior and interior carried out to the designs of architect W. C. Vahland. The work comprised major extensions and the addition of three towers and mansard roof, reconstruction of the main stair, decorative plasterwork by Otto Waschatz (decorated Royal palace, Copenhagen), and council chamber painted by W. J. Straugher. 1902 Painting of the main hall by Coulter and Smith of Bendigo. 1913-15 Remodelling of offices. 1926 Replacement of main Hargreaves Street hall entrance, foyer and balcony with stage. 2000 Restoration works to the Town hall commence. The middle pages and the back show some of the conservation works that were required.bendigo, tourism, town hall restoration, 4-2000 www.heritage.vic.gov.au

The theodolite was sold by T. Gaunt & Co. of Melbourne, a manufacturer, importer and retailer of a wide variety of goods including jewellery, clocks and watches, navigational and measuring instruments, dinnerware, glassware and ornaments. Thomas Gaunt photograph was included in an album of security identity portraits of members of the Victorian Court, Centennial International Exhibition, Melbourne, 1888. (See further details below.) History for Troughton & Simms: Edward Troughton & William Simms established a scientific instrument making business in London in 1826. Edward Troughton (1756-1835) had previously had his own scientific instrument business, inherited from his father. His achievement's included a transit telescope for Greenwich Observatory (1816) and the precision surveying instruments for the Ordnance Survey of Britain, Ireland and India. William Simms (1793-1860) had trained as a goldsmith and began to gain work dividing circles on fine astronomical instruments. When William Simms died in 1860, the business was taken over by his son James and nephew William. Troughton & Simms shop in Fleet Street became the hub of the finest scientific instrument made in London, in a period in which there was an expanding demand for precision instruments, for astronomy, surveying and precision measurement. They made instruments for Greenwich Observatory, for imperial surveys and exploring expeditions. When fire destroyed the Houses of Parliament in 1834, the firm was commissioned to create new standard lengths, this required 10 years of testing against the remaining old measurements. Troughton and Simms made several of the main instruments for Melbourne Observatory, including an 18 inch azimuth used of the Geodetic Survey, portable transit instrument (circa 1850), zenith sector (1860), a 4.5 inch equatorial telescope (1862), an 8 inch equatorial telescope (1874) spectroscope (1877) and an 8 inch transit instrument in (1884). While the firm had an excellent reputation for quality the company exasperated many of its customers with delays of years in delivering some instruments. History for Thomas Gaunt: Thomas Ambrose Gaunt (1829 – 1890) was a jeweller, clock maker, and manufacturer of scientific instruments, whose head office and showroom were at 337–339 Bourke Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Thomas Gaunt established Melbourne's leading watchmaking, optical and jewellery business during the second half of the 19th century. Gaunt arrived in Melbourne in 1852, and by 1858 had established his own business at 14 Little Bourke Street. Around 1869 he moved to new premises in Bourke Street on the corner of Royal Arcade, Gaunt's shop quickly became a Melbourne institution. Gaunt proudly advertised that he was 'The only watch manufacturer in the Australian colonies'. While many watches and clocks may have had Gaunt's name on the dial, few would have been made locally. Gaunt did make some watches for exhibitions, and perhaps a few expensive watches for wealthy individuals. Gaunt's received a telegraph signal from Melbourne Observatory each day to correct his main clock and used this signal to rate and repair ship's chronometers and good quality watches. Thomas Gaunt also developed a department that focused on scientific instrumentation, making thermometers and barometers (from imported glass tubes), telescopes, surveying instruments and microscopes. Significance: With the rapid urban expansion, one of the most important needs of the new colony was to survey and map the landscape of the Australian Colony’s interior. Theodolites, such as this one, made by Troughton and Simms, who were significant scientific instrument makers of the 19th century were instrumental to the colony's surveyors and would have played an important part in their everyday work. This transit theodolite remains of national significance due to its pioneering role in Australian science and its association with Australia's earliest surveyors and astronomers. It is also significant for its association with nineteenth-century surveying instruments and instrument makers. Theodolite, Vernier repetition theodolite with enclosed horizontal circle (of about 130 mm diameter). Vertical circle exposed and somewhat corroded (diameter about 115 mm). Plate level 20" per division. Altitude bubble 20" per division. Horizontal and vertical circle intervals 20". Original (blue/grey) paint. Altitude bubble setting screw disabled. Tribrach allows movement of theodolite by 15 mm inside tribrach (for centering).Inscribed on the inner mounting plate,“Specially made in England for T Gaunt & Co Melbourne” and inscribed a little lower “Troughton & Simms London”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, theodolite, t. gaunt & co, troughton & simms, scientific instrument, measuring instrument, surveyor's instrument

Monument to mark where the First hospital was built at Pleasent CreekDoctor's Hill On the hill in 1859 the First Pleasant Creek Hospital was built to serve the needs of the Gold Miners and the Rural Communitites of Western Victoria. There not being anything else of the kind further towards the interior oof the Colony. [1st Annual Report 1959] The Hospital was resited at Stawell West 1861.doctor's hill

Monument to mark where the first hospital was built at Pleasent CreekDoctor's Hill On this Hill in 1859 the First Pleasant Creek Hospitalwas built to serve the needs of the Gold Miners and the Rural Communities of Western Victoria. "There not being Anything Else of the kind further towars the interior of the Colony.' [1st Annual Report 1859]. The Hospital Was Re-sited to Stawell West in 1861doctors hill, monument

Cupboard is original to Lighthouse. This nineteenth century cedar furnishing has two doors and one internal shelf. It remains in the lighthouse although its original location was probably the lantern room, where similar surviving cabinets are more typically found. It was purpose built for the lighthouse with a curved back to fit the proportions of the tower interior with the wood reputed to have originated from a partition in the assistant lightkeepers’ houses, and the cupboard doors possibly crafted at a different time. Curved cabinets similar to this example can be found at three other early lighthouses investigated by this study. It is possible that these specially designed cabinets were included in the standard complement of furnishings provided to the colony’s lightstations by the Victorian Public Works Department. Other similar cabinets with curved backs remain in the Point Hicks Lighthouse and at Cape Nelson (two examples )and Cape Schanck, which has a curved front as well as back .The Gabo Island cabinet has first level contributory significance for its historic value, uniqueness, provenance to the lightstation and clear association with the functions of the lighthouse lantern room.Two door wooden (cedar) cabinet. One internal shelf, panelled, curved back. Doors are attached. Frame has been stripped, doors are unpainted.

Historical photograph taken of the frontage of the Burke Museum in Beechworth. As Australia’s oldest regional museum, the building used for the Burke Museum was originally built as the Beechworth Athenaeum, and was later dedicated as a museum in memorial to the explorer Robert O’Hara Burke, who died on the Burke and Wills expeditions in 1861. The Burke and Wills exhibitions were a significant colonial event that was memorialised in paintings, buildings, monuments, and statues. The photograph has historical significance, connecting with various themes such as exploring, establishing pathways, and significant colonial events or persons. The photograph depicts the frontage of the Burke Museum, which was dedicated as a memorial to the explorer Robert O’Hara Burke, who died on the Burke and Wills expeditions in 1861. Robert O’Hara Burke was a significant person who was connected to both Beechworth and to an important colonial event, the Burke and Wills expeditions. Born in Ireland, Burke migrated to Australia in 1853 and nearly a year later, was appointed to senior inspector at Beechworth. Described as quick-tempered yet generous, Burke later joined an expedition to explore the interior of the Victorian colony, which was later termed the Burke and Wills expeditions. While the expeditions generated a significant amount of interest, the objectives of the Burke and Wills expeditions were hazy, as was its planned route, leading to disaster on the trip as group infighting, poor provisions, and a lack of clear instructions ultimately resulted in Burke’s death. Regardless, the Burke and Wills expeditions promoted discovery and endures today in popular memory.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on paper.Obverse: 1856/ BEECHWORTH/ PUBLIC/ LIBRARY/ BURKE/ MUSEUM/ BURK MUSEUM/ (parking signs illegible) Reverse: BMM 84-2-1/ A02989 1997 2696/ BMM 84-2-3burke museum, beechworth, beechworth athenaeum, athenaeum, memorial, robert o'hara burke, robert burke, burke and wills exhibitions

Thought to have originated in Austria in 1869, postcards first gained popularity in Australia in the 1890s.They were used to send short messages to friends and family. This collection was generated by Mary Emma Elliot of Talgarno. Talgarno is a rural locality in Victoria, Australia, situated on the southern shoreline of Lake Hume, about 23 km east of Albury-Wodonga. The collection contains postcards from across the world. Mary Emma Sibley was born in Ironbark, Bendigo in 1859. She married James Elliot in 1893 and they settled at “Kelso”, Talgarno. They had two children – Mona and Sibley. Mary Emma Elliot died in Melbourne in 1944, aged 84 years. This item contains the following: Twenty Japanese postcards collected by Mrs James Elliot between 1898 and 1915. 11731.101 This black-and-white card shows a Japanese samurai seated on a mat during a ceremonial abdomen-cutting scene, surrounded by attendants in a garden. On the card is printed “Takuminokami Cutting The Belly or Abdomen at Tamuratei” The Japanese is printed in the traditional right-to-left direction. Read in modern order, it is: 浅野内匠頭田村邸切腹 English translation: “Asano Takumi-no-kami committing seppuku at the Tamura residence.” 11731.102 This black-and-white card shows a large group of Japanese men kneeling in a snowy setting around a severed head. On the card is printed “Offerring Kira's Head to Their Dead Lord” 泉岳寺主君の墓前へ仇首を供ふ English translation: “Offering the enemy’s head before their lord’s grave at Sengakuji Temple.” 11731.103 This black-and-white card shows a group of Japanese rōnin crossing a snow-covered bridge, with one man on horseback. On the card is printed “The Ronins Withdrawing over Ryogoku Bridge. 義士両國橋引揚 English translation: “The loyal retainers withdrawing over Ryōgoku Bridge.” The clearly readable Japanese on the bridge post is 両國橋, meaning “Ryōgoku Bridge.” The larger characters on the nearby sign read 深川, meaning “Fukagawa.” The smaller characters beside them are not clear enough for me to translate confidently. 11731.104 This black-and-white card shows Japanese samurai at a castle, with one man standing in the foreground while others approach on horseback and on foot. On the card is printed “To Deliver'up Akaho-casle” The Japanese caption is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 赤穂城明渡し大石良雄の苦心 English translation: “Ōishi Yoshio’s difficulties in surrendering Akō Castle.” 11731.105 This coloured card shows a waterfall cascading over a rock face into a stream. On the card is printed “Chisuji Waterfall at Kowakudani, Hakone.” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 箱根小涌谷千筋瀧 English translation: “Chisuji Waterfall at Kowakudani, Hakone.” 瀧 is the older form of 滝, meaning “waterfall.” 11731.106 This coloured card shows a waterfall or weir across a river, surrounded by trees, with several people nearby. On the card is printed “TAKINO RIVER” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 瀧の川 English translation: “Waterfall River” or, more literally, “River of the Waterfall.” 瀧 = waterfall の = of 川 = river 11731.107 This black-and-white card shows a large traditional Japanese castle complex. On the card is printed “FORMER TKUMAMOTO-CASTLE.” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is:（熊本名勝）西南役以前の熊本城 English translation: “(Famous view of Kumamoto) Kumamoto Castle before the Satsuma Rebellion.” 11731.108 This black-and-white card shows the entrance and façade of a large government building, with an inset portrait of a uniformed military officer. On the card is printed “THE MELITARY DEPARTMENT.” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, the clearly visible characters are: （帝都十省）寺内陸軍大臣　陸軍省 The principal wording translates as: “Army Ministry — Army Minister Terauchi.” 陸軍省 — “Army Ministry” or “Ministry of the Army” 寺内陸軍大臣 — “Army Minister Terauchi” 帝都 — “Imperial Capital” 11731.109 This black-and-white card shows a Japanese samurai attacking another man with a sword inside a palace. On the card is printed “Naganori Hurt; Kozukenosuke in Inter or of Palace” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 浅野内匠頭殿中にて上野介を刃傷に及ぶ English translation: “Asano Takumi-no-kami wounds Kōzuke-no-suke with a sword inside the palace.” 11731.110 This black-and-white card shows armed Japanese samurai attacking a residence in the snow. On the card is printed “The 47 Ronins Attacking Kira's Residence” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 義士討入（其一）English translation: “The loyal retainers’ attack (Part One).” 11731.111 This black-and-white card shows a group of armed Japanese samurai surrounding an older man in a snowy setting. On the card is printed “The Orused Enemy Searched Out” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 義士主仇發見 English translation: “The loyal retainers discover their lord’s enemy.” 11731.112 This black-and-white card shows the entrance and buildings of a government department, with an inset portrait of a uniformed man. On the card is printed “THE FINANCE DEPARTMENT.” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is:（帝都十省）桂大藏大臣　大藏省 English translation: “(Ten Ministries of the Imperial Capital) Finance Minister Katsura — Ministry of Finance.” 大藏省 — “Ministry of Finance” 桂大藏大臣 — “Finance Minister Katsura” 帝都十省 — “Ten Ministries of the Imperial Capital” 11731.113 This black-and-white card shows the entrance to a military compound, with gated entrances, sentry boxes and guards. On the card is printed “The Imperial Guards Fourth Regiment.” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is:（東京名所）近衛歩兵第四聯隊 English translation: “(Tokyo sight) Fourth Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Guard.” 11731.114 This black-and-white card shows a large civic building with a prominent central clock tower. On the card is printed “The Civil Administration Office, Dairen.” together with a Japanese description in red. The Japanese is printed in the traditional right-to-left direction. The main text begins: 大連民政署（満州）はもとダルニー市廳跡を修繕して創設の事務を執り… and continues by describing the office moving to the Dairen Club, then to a newly constructed government building at the Great Square, and the subsequent development of the surrounding area. English translation: “The Dairen Civil Administration Office (Manchuria) was originally established in the renovated former Dальny municipal offices. When the South Manchuria Railway Company was established, the office moved to what is now the Dairen Club, and later, after a new government building was completed, moved to the Great Square. At that time the area around the Great Square was largely undeveloped wasteland. Following the construction of government buildings, the district gradually changed in appearance and has now become a central part of the city.” The English caption “The Civil Administration Office, Dairen.” corresponds to the principal Japanese subject 大連民政署, meaning “Dairen Civil Administration Office.” 11731.115 This black-and-white card shows a tree-lined pond or lake, with a man standing beside a bicycle on the shore. The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 鎭城鐵道開通滿壹週年紀念塔ヶ崎大池上森本驛ヨリ十二丁 English translation: “Commemorating the first anniversary of the opening of the Chinjō Railway.” “Tōgasaki Great Pond.” “Twelve chō from Kamimorimoto Station.” 11731.116 This black-and-white card shows a stone arched bridge across a moat in front of the Imperial Palace grounds. On the card is printed “FRONT VIEW OF IMPERIAL PALACE” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 二重橋（東京名勝）English translation: “Nijūbashi (Famous sight of Tokyo).” 二重橋 literally means “Double Bridge.” 11731.117 This black-and-white card shows a large colony of fur seals gathered on a shoreline. On the card is printed “Otsutose of Kabafuto.”, The principal Japanese caption is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 樺太 海豹島に於けるオットセイ一群 English translation: “A group of fur seals on Seal Island, Karafuto.” The smaller Japanese wording reads:（大泊 岩村支店發行）English translation: “Published by the Iwamura Branch, Ōdomari.” 11731.118 This coloured card shows the interior of a Japanese shrine, with large pillars and the inner sanctuary at the centre. On the card is printed “INNER CH'MBER OF THE MAIN TEMPLE IN SHRINE MIYAZIMA” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 安藝嚴嶋神社本殿内 Modern characters: 安芸厳島神社本殿内 English translation: “Inside the main sanctuary of Itsukushima Shrine, Aki.” 11731.119 This black-and-white card shows the entrance to a traditional Japanese shrine surrounded by trees and garden paths. On the card is printed “Kamikamo Shr'ne, Kyoto.” The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, it is: 京都上加茂神社 English translation: “Kamigamo Shrine, Kyoto.” 11731.120 This black-and-white card shows a large Japanese school building and its landscaped garden. On the card is printed “ THE KASHIWAZAKI HIGER GIRLS' SCHOOL, NIIGATA. The Japanese is printed right-to-left. Read in modern order, the main caption is: 新潟縣立柏崎高等女學校本校々舎玄關前 Modern characters: 新潟県立柏崎高等女学校本校校舎玄関前 English translation: “In front of the main school building of Niigata Prefectural Kashiwazaki Higher Girls’ School.” The smaller Japanese wording reads: 庄川雜貨店 English translation: “Shōgawa General Store.”postcards, collecting, collections